migrant remittances
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2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2110618
Author(s):  
David Stoll

Exporting labor to the United States has become the principal industry of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. Central Americans have been moving to the United States in large numbers since the 1980s, but how they gain entry has shifted thanks to the interplay between the migration industry and border enforcement. Many Guatemalans, Hondurans, and Salvadorans are paying smugglers to deliver them to U.S. border agents so they can apply for asylum. The Trump administration’s harsh reactions have energized asylum advocates, who argue that applicants are fleeing dislocation by neoliberal capitalism. Migrant households in the Ixil Maya municipio of Nebaj, Guatemala, express an optimistic interpretation of this situation that they call their American Dream. Their wish for high wages in the United States can be seen as the latest in a series of “hope machines” that interpret disadvantageous relations of exchange as the path to a better future. Such hopes are based on the irrefutable buying power of the dollar, but migrant remittances to their families conceal the extraction of rents. U.S. asylum advocates understandably stress that the most important challenge facing irregular immigrants is their legal status. However, with or without legal status, the underlying issue for migrants will continue to be their position in the U.S. job market, because this generates household indebtedness that increases vulnerability to human trafficking. La exportación de mano de obra a los Estados Unidos se ha convertido en la principal industria de Guatemala, El Salvador y Honduras. Los centroamericanos se han estado mudando a los Estados Unidos en grandes cantidades desde la década de 1980, pero la forma en la que obtienen la entrada ha cambiado gracias a la interacción entre la industria de la migración y la industria de la deportación. Muchos guatemaltecos, hondureños y salvadoreños pagan a coyotes para que los entreguen a agentes fronterizos de Estados Unidos, pudiendo así puedan solicitar asilo. Las duras reacciones de la administración Trump han energizado a los defensores del asilo, quienes argumentan que los solicitantes están huyendo de la dislocación causada por el capitalismo neoliberal. Los migrantes en el municipio ixil maya de Nebaj, Guatemala, tienen una interpretación optimista de esta situación, la cual llaman su Sueño americano. Su deseo de salarios altos en Los Estados Unidos puede ser visto como la última en una serie de “máquinas de esperanza” que interpretan las desventajosas relaciones de intercambio como el camino hacia un futuro mejor. Dichas esperanzas se basan en el irrefutable poder adquisitivo del dólar, pero las remesas de los migrantes a sus familias ocultan la extracción de rentas. Los defensores del asilo en Estados Unidos enfatizan, comprensiblemente, que el desafío más importante que enfrentan los inmigrantes irregulares es su estatus legal. Sin embargo, con o sin estatus legal, el problema subyacente para los migrantes seguirá siendo su posición en el mercado laboral estadunidense, ya que esto genera el endeudamiento de los hogares e incrementa su vulnerabilidad a la trata de personas.


Author(s):  
Iseghohi Judith Omon Omon

This study investigated the impact of international migrant remittances on life expectancy rate for countries of West Africa Monetary Zones (WAMZ). Panel data set for the period (1990-2020) were used for the analysis. The study estimated pooled ordinary least square, fixed effect models, random effect models and pooled mean group estimate. The pooled mean group estimates showed that migrant remittance as a share of the gross domestic product has significant positive impact on life expectancy rate in both short and long- run. The result showed that in the, a 1% increase in migrant remittance as a share of the GDP will cause life expectancy rate to rise by 4.003% in the short-run, but 9.896% in the long-run. Other factors which include per capita income, HIV/AIDS and out-of-pocket health spending all significantly influence life expectancy rate at birth. We recommend that policies should be articulated that will incentivize remitting money home, and that the costs of remitting money home should be made less, while the channels improved on.


Author(s):  
Iryna Gerlach ◽  
Lilia Ukraynets

International labour migration is a global process that has affected the populations of all countries and continents. Today, migrants face a new additional barrier – the COVID-19 pandemic, which has drastically affected all forms of human mobility. Today, labour-based migration from Ukraine is directed mainly to EU Member States. The main motives for international labour migration is the potential of earning money, financial security of the family etc. Accordingly, the consequence of international migration is the inflow of money into the country of migrant origin. Remittances from migrant workers are an important source of income for Ukraine. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in migrant remittances, contributing to the development of households, human potential, the reduction of poverty and inequality, and the inflow of foreign currency. This article proposes an econometric model of the impact of migrant remittances on the stabilisation of the country’s economy during the pandemic. As a result of the calculations, it was found that the income from people working abroad initially reduces the deviation of GDP from the equilibrium trend, but over time there is a clear procyclical impact. This feature is favourable for the Ukrainian economy and may mean that migrant transfers in times of crisis help to overcome the effects of global economic downturns.


Author(s):  
Mega Mariska ◽  
Lies Maria Hamzah ◽  
Arivina Ratih

One of the main indicators seen in reviewing the relationship between international workers and economic growth is remittances. Remittances obtained from workers abroad are one of the major sources of finance for developing countries. Remittances are also a source of finance in increasing migrant household incomes which encourage improved consumption which will affect economic growth. This study was conducted to explore the impact of migrant remittances, consumption and FDI on economic growth in 10 ASEAN countries using annual panel data from 2015-2019. This study uses panel data regression analysis with the Random Effect Model (REM) approach. The results showed that remittances, consumption and FDI positively and significantly contributed to economic growth in 10 ASEAN countries. Significant contribution of migrant remittances in economic growth if their use is directed to more productive sectors such as use in the investment sector can help the economies of ASEAN countries to maintain and increase economic growth. The government needs to improve the quality of migrant workers through education because a high level of education will affect the level of wages received by migrants and will have an impact on increasing remittances. The limitation in this study is the use of limited data, for 2020 it is not included in the data set used in the analysis. For this reason, further research should use 2020 data because in 2020 there be a new phenomenon, namely COVID-19 which can be traced to the impact of this phenomenon on remittances. Keywords: Remittances, Migrant, Economic Growth, Panel Data


Author(s):  
Yu Wu ◽  
Barbara Entwisle ◽  
Cyrus Sinai ◽  
Sudhanshu Handa

AbstractWhat is the effect of migration on fuel use in rural Zambia? Opportunities to increase income can be scarce in this setting; in response, households may pursue a migration strategy to increase resources as well as to mitigate risk. Migrant remittances may make it possible for households to shift from primary reliance on firewood to charcoal, and the loss of productive labor through migration may reinforce this shift. This paper uses four waves of panel data collected as part of the Child Grant Programme in rural Zambia to examine the connection between migration and the choice of firewood or charcoal as cooking fuel and finds evidence for both mechanisms. Importantly, this paper considers migration as a process, including out as well as return migration, embedding it in the context of household dynamics generally. Empirical results suggest that while out-migration helps move households away from firewood as a fuel source, return migration moves them back, but because the former is more common, the overall effect of migration is to shift households away from primary reliance on firewood.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Stanley

In recent years, the migration and development framework has shifted to a focus on the role of diasporas and migrant remittances in homeland development. Using criticality and particularly political economy as a methodology, this research paper sheds light on how the so-called migration-development nexus is embedded within a context of unequal neoliberal economic globalization. The research paper demonstrates that current approaches are a resurgence of modernization theories of development, which ignore the structural and historic conditions within which international migration from the Global South to the Global North is embedded. The research paper puts forward that the current focus on remittances as a source of development places the burden of a country's development onto an exploitable migrant workforce.


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