10. Toward a Consistent End-of-Life Ethic: The “Right to Refuse” Care for Competent and Incompetent Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas May

A competent patient has the right to refuse treatment necessary to sustain life. However, for many end-of-life decisions, we lack direct access to the wishes of a competent patient. Some treatment decisions near the end of life involve patients with severely diminished mental capacity (for example, Alzheimer's patients), some involve patients who are unable to communicate (for example, some stroke victims), and some involve patients who are simply unable or unwilling to participate in decisionmaking due to the nature or severity of their illness.


1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 974-975
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Gutheil

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i12-i42
Author(s):  
D Hibbert

Abstract   NACEL is a national comparative audit of the quality and outcomes of care experienced by the dying person and those important to them during the final admission in acute and community hospitals in England and Wales. Mental health inpatient providers participated in the first round but excluded from the second round. NACEL round two, undertaken during 2019/20, comprised: Data was collected between June and October 2019. 175 trusts in England and 8 Welsh organisations took part in at least one element of NACEL (97% of eligible organisations). Key findings include Recognising the possibility of imminent death: The possibility that the patient may die was documented in 88% of cases. The median time from recognition of dying to death was 41 hours (36 hours in the first round). Individual plan of care: 71% of patients, where it had been recognised that the patient was dying (Category 1 deaths), had an individualised end of life care plan. Of the patients who did not have an individualised plan of care, in 45% of these cases, the time from recognition of dying to death was more than 24 hours. Families’ and others’ experience of care: 80% of Quality Survey respondents rated the quality of care delivered to the patient as outstanding/excellent/good and 75% rated the care provided to families/others as outstanding/excellent/good. However, one-fifth of responses reported that the families’/others’ needs were not asked about. Individual plan of care: 80% of Quality Survey respondents believed that hospital was the “right” place to die; however, 20% reported there was a lack of peace and privacy. Workforce Most hospitals (99%) have access to a specialist palliative care service. 36% of hospitals have a face-to-face specialist palliative care service (doctor and/or nurse) available 8 hours a day, 7 days a week. NACEL round three will start in 2021.


Author(s):  
Keren Dopelt ◽  
Dganit Cohen ◽  
Einat Amar-Krispel ◽  
Nadav Davidovitch ◽  
Paul Barach

The demand for medical assistance in dying remains high and controversial with a large knowledge gap to support optimal patient care. The study aimed to explore physicians’ attitudes regarding euthanasia and examine the factors that related to these attitudes. We surveyed 135 physicians working at a tertiary-care hospital in Israel. The questionnaire was comprised of demographic and background information, DNR procedure information, encounters with terminally ill patients, familiarity with the law regarding end-of-life questions, and Attitudes toward Euthanasia. About 61% agreed that a person has the right to decide whether to expedite their own death, 54% agreed that euthanasia should be allowed, while 29% thought that physicians should preserve a patients’ life even when they expressed the wish to die. A negative statistically significant relationship was found between the level of religiosity and attitudes toward euthanasia. The physicians’ attitudes towards euthanasia are quite positive when compared to other countries. The data shows a conflict of values: the sacredness of human life versus the desire to alleviate patients’ suffering. The Coronavirus-19 outbreak reinforces the importance of supporting physicians’ efforts to provide ethical and empathic communication for terminally ill patients. Future studies should aim to improve our understanding and treatment of the specific types of suffering that lead to end-of-life requests.


Bioethica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Αλεξάνδρα Κοζαμάνη (Alexandra Kozamani)

Euthanasia is one of the issues that bioethics deals with, which is one of the outmost importance. Furthermore it is very up-to-date. In Greece and in most countries of the European Union euthanasia has not been subject to specialized legislation. It is only occasionally debated, resulting in tension and conflict. On one hand, people have the right to self determination, so the end of life should be among them. On the other hand, life is considered to be of the highest value and it is the duty of healthcare personnel to guard and preserve it by any means, using their expertise and knowledge.In this paper, a brief report is made to the practices used across countries in the European Union regarding the end of life. Most countries are opposed to euthanasia while acknowledging the right of a patient to refuse or receive treatment. Only three countries have passed bills that legalize euthanasia under strict conditions. The rest, due to sensitivity in this matter, have not yet proceeded in reforming their laws accordingly. It seems that society does not have the necessary reassurances so that they can engulf that issue guarding the true will of a person.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Dopelt ◽  
Dganit Cohen ◽  
Einat Amar-Krispel ◽  
Davidovitch ◽  
Paul Barach

Abstract Background: The demand for medical assistance in dying remains high and controversial. The "Dying Patient Act" (2005) legalized requiring Israeli patients to receive medical guidance regarding the care (or non-treatment) they seek at the end of life. Many doctors have made it clear that helping a patient die is opposed by their values and professional goals.Objective: To explore the attitudes of physicians regarding euthanasia and examine the factors that related to these attitudes.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional prospective study in Israel, during January-February 2019. We used logistic regression analyses to describe the association of demographic and professional factors with attitudes toward physician-assisted end of life.Results: We surveyed 135 physicians working at a tertiary-care-hospital about their attitudes regarding euthanasia. About 61% agreed that a person has the right to decide whether to expedite their own death, 54% agreed that euthanasia should be allowed, while 29% thought that physicians should preserve a patient's life even if they expressed the wish to die. Conclusion: The data shows a conflict of values: the sacredness of human life versus the desire to alleviate patient's suffering. Coronavirus outbreak reinforces the urgency of our findings and raises the importance of supporting physicians' efforts to provide ethical, and empathic communication for terminally ill patients. Future studies should aim to improve our understanding and treatment of the specific types of suffering that lead to end-of-life requests.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document