SIX. Karl Mannheim: The Sociology of Knowledge

1991 ◽  
pp. 254-303
Al-Hikmah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendi Parwanto

The analysis used in this study is Karl Mannheim's sociology of knowledge, especially on three aspects of meaning: Objective meaning, expressive meaning and documentary meaning. The results of this study are: 1) Objective Meanings, all people believe that the traditions they do are inherited from their predecessors; 2) Meaning of Expression, they believe in fadhilah by reciting yasin and tahlil can help the body in the grave; and, 3) Documentary Meanings, they do not realize the meaning implied or hidden in the tradition, so that the actor or actor does not realize that what he is doing is an expression that shows the culture as a whole. (Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori sosiologi pengetahuan Karl Mannheim, terutama pada tiga aspek makna: Makna objektif, makna ekspresif dan makna dokumenter. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Makna Objektif, semua masyarakat meyakini bahwa tradisi yang mereka lakukan adalah ‎warisan dari pada pendahulu mereka; 2) Makna Ekspresi, mereka meyakini ‎fadhilah dengan dibacakan yasin dan tahlil dapat menolong mayat di alam kubur; ‎dan, 3) Makna Dokumenter, mereka tidak menyadari makna yang tersirat atau ‎tersebunyi di dalam tradisi tersebut, sehingga aktor atau pelaku tindakan tidak ‎menyadari bahwa apa yang dilakukannya itu merupakan suatu ekspresi yang ‎menunjukan kepada kebudayaan secara keseluruhan).‎


Social Forces ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 956
Author(s):  
William R. Garrett ◽  
Brian Longhurst

Author(s):  
Brian Longhurst

The sociologist Karl Mannheim moved from an initial concern with philosophical issues concerning cultural change, via the development of an original approach to the sociology of knowledge, to a concern with social planning and the sociology of education. He is most enduringly known for his sociology of knowledge, and in particular for his book Ideology and Utopia (1936). Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge is concerned with an analysis of how groups develop specific forms of knowledge based on more general styles of thought during processes of competition over power. He distinguishes ideological forms of thought, which seek to defend the existing order, from utopian forms that attack it.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Agus Fakhrina

Abstract: This research was aimed to explore the economic freedom vis a vis government intervention according to Ibn Khaldun. To answer this question, I studied al-Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun directly. The ideas of Ibn Khaldun in his al-Muqaddimah were analized by using content analysis. Beside that, I also used Karl Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge approach to analyze his ideas. The result revealed that Ibn Khaldun emphasized the economic activities had to be free from the restrictive power of the government. The economic freedom, however, had not to be free from rule of game. It had to be under the control of the rule of game, and to do that the role of government was very necessary. Based on Karl Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge, Ibn Khaldun ideas were influenced by social knowledge determination in his life and he also used his perspective as moslem to explore his ideas. It could be said that there was so strong relation between Ibn Khaldun ideas and the social reality in his life. Thus, his knowledge type was ideological, not utopian.       Abstrak: Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menelusuri secara mendalam kebebasan ekonomi vis a vis intervensi negara dalam perspektif Ibn Khaldun. Untuk menjawab masalah tersebut, peneliti mengkaji secara langsung dari karyanya al-Muqaddimah, kitab jilid pertama dari Kitab al-‘Ibar yang terdiri dari tujuh jilid. Dalam hal ini, ide-ide yang dituangkan oleh Ibn Khaldun dalam al-Muqaddimah-nya dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi atau content analysis. Selain itu, peneliti juga menganalisis pemikiran Ibn Khaldun dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi pengetahuan Karl Mannheim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ibn Khaldun memang sangat menekankan pentingnya kebebasan ekonomi dari kekangan kekuasaan negara dan sangat menentang intervensi negara yang mengekang kebebasan tersebut demi tumbuh dan berkembangnya perekonomian suatu negara. Namun demikian, kebebasan ini bukanlah bebas sebebas-bebasnya. Kebebasan yang dimaksud adalah kebebasan yang mengikuti aturan main dan dalam konteks inilah peran negara diperlukan sebagai pelindung dan penegak aturan main tersebut. Berpijak pada teori sosiologi pengetahuan Karl Mannheim, pemikiran Ibn Khaldun dipengaruhi oleh determinasi sosial pengetahuan yang berkembang pada masanya, dan dia juga menggunakan perspektifnya sebagai seorang muslim dalam menuangkan ide-idenya. Jadi terdapat relasi yang kuat antara pemikiran Ibn Khaldun dengan realitas sosial yang ada. Dengan demikian corak pengetahuan Ibn Khaldun adalah bercorak ideologi, bukan utopia.


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