Chapter 8: The Executive and Legislative Power

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-294
Keyword(s):  
Legislative Power

Bicameralism

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Cecilia Testa
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Social Cleavages ◽  
Constitutional Choice ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Important Purpose ◽  
Two Bodies

In modern democracies, the legislative power is vested in parliaments with diverse organizational structures. Bicameral legislatures, requiring concurrent deliberation by two bodies, are present in about one-third of the world’s countries. Bicameralism typically serves the important purpose of accommodating the representation of heterogeneous interests from distinct social cleavages or geographic entities, but it is also associated with advantages such as greater stability of policies, increased accountability, and better quality of legislation. These benefits, however, only arise under specific circumstances, and the greater procedural complexity brought about by two chambers is not without costs. Disagreement between the two chambers often leads to costly legislative gridlock. Bicameralism can also open the door to pressure groups advancing their requests for favorable legislation when the chambers do not have time to carefully consider its consequences. The constitutional choice of bicameralism and its optimality ultimately rest on the subtle balance between its costs and benefits.

scholarly journals Flattening the Curve of COVID-19 Vaccine Rejection—An International Overview

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Wojciech Feleszko ◽  
Piotr Lewulis ◽  
Adam Czarnecki ◽  
Paweł Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
General Population ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Very High ◽  
Socioeconomic Benefits

Background: If globally implemented, a safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program will have broad clinical and socioeconomic benefits. However, individuals who anticipate that the coronavirus vaccine will bring life back to normality may be disappointed, due to the emerging antivaccination attitude within the general population. Methods: We surveyed a sample of adult Polish citizens (n = 1066), and compared it with the data on international COVID-19 vaccine reluctance. Results: In 20 national surveys, the vaccine averseness for the anticipated COVID-19 vaccine varied from meager (2–6% China) to very high (43%, Czech Republic, and 44%, Turkey) and in most countries was much higher than regular vaccination reluctance, which varies between 3% (Egypt) and 55% (Russia). Conclusions: These results suggest that a 67% herd immunity may be possible only if mandatory preventive vaccination programs start early and are combined with coordinated education efforts supported by legislative power and social campaigns.

AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASI MİLLİ MƏCLİSİNİN SƏLAHİYYƏTLƏRİNİN KONSTİTUSİON XARAKTERİSTİKASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (06) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Azizkhan Iman Azizov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Legislative Power

Key words: Azerbaijan Republic, Constitution, legislative power, Milli Majlis

An Analysis of the Power to Issue Ordinance in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekaran Mridul Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Present Form ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Indian Constitution ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
British Rule

Abstract Ordinances making power is one of the most controversial powers that has been vested with executive in India. This power is a substitute of legislative power of the legislature and is meant to be used only in situations comprising of exigencies. However, in practicality this power has often been misused by the executive, and is used to circumvent the legislative process. Due the misuse of this power, it is imperative to examine its history and scope. The power to make ordinance have been a reminiscent of the British rule in India. It was conceptualized through the various Government of India acts, and then post-independence it was adopted under the Indian Constitution. Though the present form of ordinance making power is much more curtailed when compared to the British era, still it leaves ample discretion at the hand of executive to use it erroneously for political gains.

scholarly journals NIGERIAN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY’S LEGISLATIVE OVERSIGHT, THE POWERS OF SUMMONS AND APPOINTMENTS’ RATIFICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-50
Author(s):  
Aduku A AKUBO ◽  
◽  
Kolapo Quadri ABAYOMI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Secondary Research ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Legislative Oversight

The legislature as First Estate of the realm represents citizens and sovereignty. It makes the law, serve as checks on the activities of the executive (oversight) and represent the citizens in constituencies. The responsibility of the Parliaments is to guarantee that accountability and transparency of government activities are maintained in order to curb misuse of public funds, corruption, while effecting good practices. It also scrutinizes the nominees for top government positions by the executive arm while it ensures that the requests sent by the executive are properly examined in order to avoid inefficiency and non-performance. However, the paper relying on secondary research method and data gathering discover that limited political will by legislators, inadequate funds, deteriorating infrastructural facilities, pressure from the Executive, predominance of inexperience legislators in the art of lawmaking and the tendency to place a higher premium of personal and pecuniary interests at the expense of public interests are antithetical to the effective legislative power of summons and appointment ratification in the National Assembly. Therefore, the paper recommended that there is a need for legislators to shun mediocrity and rise above pecuniary, sectional and party interests in favour of the protection of democracy and its practices.

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