scholarly journals Effects of the parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, on wing characteristics important for migration in the monarch butterfly

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Davis ◽  
Jacobus C. de Roode
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wing Area ◽  
Ophryocystis Elektroscirrha ◽  
Physical Density ◽  
Wing Damage ◽  
Tear Resistance

Abstract There is mounting evidence that the longterm declines of overwintering monarchs in Mexico are exacerbated by losses during the fall migratory journey. Infection with the protozoan, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE), is known to negatively impact migration success. Here we examine how infections affect specific wing traits of monarchs that are important for migratory success. We used a collection of infected and uninfected monarchs reared under identical conditions, and from the (deceased) specimens, measured wing area (larger monarchs are known to have greater migratory success), wing color (the shade of orange pigmentation in monarchs is a known predictor of migration and flight ability), and the physical density of wings (a measure of wing mass per unit area). We also measured the tear-resistance of wings, using an apparatus that measured the force needed to cause a tear in the wing. Results showed no effect of OE on overall wing size, nor on the shade of orange pigmentation, but a clear effect on measures of physical density and tensile strength. Wings of infected monarchs weighed less per unit area (by 6%), and there was a 20% reduction in tear-resistance of wings. All results were qualitatively similar in a follow-up investigation using freshly-killed specimens. Collectively, this indicates infected monarchs are more prone to wing damage, which would be costly during long-distance migration. As such, this would be one more way in which OE infections reduce migratory success. Given the toll of OE to the monarch population, especially during migration, it would be prudent to focus conservation efforts on mitigating human activities that spread this disease.

Bilateral Accessory Soleus: A Report on Four Patients with Partial Fasciectomy

Foot & Ankle ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Peterson ◽  
Warren Stinson ◽  
John Carter
Keyword(s):  
Tarsal Tunnel ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Ankle Pain ◽  
Previous Surgery ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Operative Exploration ◽  
Partial Fasciectomy

Four young adults (average age 24 years) presented with complaints of posterior ankle pain after running. Bilateral accessory soleus muscles were diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging or CT scan. Symptoms were present an average of 3 years before diagnosis. Two patients had previous surgery (ankle arthroscopy, tarsal tunnel release, and leg compartment release) before diagnosis and treatment. Obliteration of Kager's triangle (posterior ankle fat pad) was present on six out of eight lateral ankle radiographs. Posteromedial prominence was present on four out of eight ankles. Operative exploration confirmed the presence of five muscles and fasciectomy was performed. Follow-up (17 to 29 months) showed good relief of symptoms in all patients and return to long-distance running for three patients. Dissection of 47 preserved cadavers revealed three accessory soleus muscles in the 94 extremities (two muscles were bilateral in one cadaver).

One Year Follow-Up of Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE) With Archers, Golfers, and Runners

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel W. Thompson ◽  
Keith A. Kaufman ◽  
Lilian A. De Petrillo ◽  
Carol R. Glass ◽  
Diane B. Arnkoff
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
One Year

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the long-term effects of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE), a program designed to improve athletic performance and psychological aspects of sport. One-year follow-up assessments were conducted on archers, golfers, and long-distance runners (N = 25) who attended Kaufman, Glass, and Arnkoff’s (2009) and De Petrillo, Kaufman, Glass, and Arnkoff’s (2009) MSPE workshops. Across the athlete groups, participants reported significant increases in the ability to act with awareness (an aspect of trait mindfulness) and overall trait mindfulness from pretest to follow-up, along with significant decreases in task-related worries and task-irrelevant thoughts (both aspects of cognitive interference during sport). The long-distance runners exhibited significant improvement in their mile times from pretest to follow-up, with significant correlations between change in runners’ performance and trait variables. Results suggest that MSPE is a promising intervention associated with long-term changes in trait variables that may contribute to optimal athletic performance.

Design and Simulation of High Altitude Air-Launched Automatic Underwater Vehicles

2011 ◽  
Vol 128-129 ◽  
pp. 1386-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Jun Pan ◽  
Ying Qing Guo
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wing Area ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Six Dof

In this paper, an high altitude air-launched automatic underwater vehicles (AL-AUV) is designed based on the traditional torpedo-like AUV, REMUS. And an additional ex-range gliding wings unit is assembled on the top of AUV, which enable the AUV to be dropped at high altitude and gliding long distance to reach the signed investigating ocean field. The controllable surface on the wings also enhanced the controllability and flexibility of AUV gliding through the air and the ability against the influence of airflow interference. The AUV’s six DOF gliding model is established and a simulation system of AL-AUV is built with Matlab/Simulink. Analyzing the recorded simulation velocity and pitch characteristics of AL-AUV deployed at varying initial velocities and wing area, the optimized wing is selected.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Loss-To-Follow-Up Of Hiv-Positive Mothers And Their Infants Enrolled In Hiv Care Clinic: A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Lawrent Mpinganjira ◽  
Timothy Tchereni ◽  
Andrews Gunda ◽  
Victor Mwapasa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
System Level ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background In Malawi, loss to follow-up (LTFU) of HIV-positive pregnant and postpartum women on Option B+ regimen greatly contributes to sub-optimal retention, estimated 74% at 12 months postpartum. This threatens Malawi’s efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV. We investigated factors associated with LTFU among Mother-Infant Pairs. Methods We conducted a qualitative study, nested within the “Promoting Retention Among Infants and Mothers Effectively (PRIME)” study, a 3-arm cluster randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of strategies for improving retention of mother-infant pairs in HIV care in Salima and Mangochi districts, Malawi. From July to December 2016, we traced 19 LTFU women and conducted in-depth interviews with them and also with 30 healthcare workers from health facilities where the LTFU women were receiving care. Recorded interviews were transcribed and translated and, then, analysed using deductive content analysis. Results The following reasons were reported contributing to LTFU: lack of support from husbands or family members; long distance to health facilities; food insecurity; community-level stigma; ART side effects; perceived good health after taking ART and adoption of other alternative HIV treatment options. Conclusion Our study has found multiple factors at personal, family, community and health system level which contribute to poor retention of mother-infant pairs in HIV care. Key words PRIME, PMTCT, EMTCT, loss to follow up, mother-infant pairs, Option B+

scholarly journals Effect of Policy Change on the Use of Long-Distance Transport and Follow-Up Care for Patients With Traumatic Finger Amputations

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 610-617.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Nolte ◽  
Melissa J. Shauver ◽  
Kevin C. Chung ◽  
Aviram M. Giladi
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Distance Transport

Knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS among Saudi and non-Saudi bus drivers

2002 ◽  
Vol 08 (06) ◽  
pp. 716-724
Author(s):  
I. Abdelmoneim ◽  
M. Y. Khan ◽  
A. Daffalla ◽  
S. Al Ghamdi ◽  
M. Al Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Aids Knowledge

We explored the AIDS knowledge and attitudes of long-distance [non-Saudi] and in-city [Saudi] bus drivers in Saudi Arabia. The 69 non-Saudi drivers tended to score higher on knowledge than the 40 Saudi drivers although there were several gaps in their knowledge. As regards attitude, more Saudis knew that chastity could protect against AIDS and both groups tended to think that they were not the kind of people to get AIDS. Intensive health education and follow up is highly recommended for this sector of workers.

Effects of Telehomecare Interventions on the Management and Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Dehghan ◽  
Maryam Morshediam ◽  
Arezoo Dehghani ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
Farhad Fatehi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Background: Diabetes is one of the most serious health challenges of the 21st century. The number of adults with diabetes has roughly tripled in the last 20 years. The increased burden of chronic diseases and scarce health resources compel healthcare systems to make modern patients more self-sufficient by requiring them to play a more active part in the treatment and management of their disease. Tele-home-care is a method of distance intervention through the transmission of electronic data for follow-up, education, prevention, clinical decision-making, and treatment modulation that has a high potential for the population with diabetes. Previous studies have not systematically evaluated the effects of different features of long-distance caregiving on diabetes at different stages of disease severity. Objectives: The present study describes a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis for summarizing the evidence comparing telehomecare interventions on diabetes management and its complications. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane databases, HTA (Health Technology Assessment), NHS EED (NHS Economic Evaluation Database), DARE (Database of Abstract of  Reviews of Effects), Embase, and SID will be searched using medical subject heading (MeSH) keywords. Controlled clinical trials in patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes will be selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The risk of bias in studies will be checked using the JADAD score. The mean difference and its standard deviation will be calculated to be used as effect size. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool the results. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression will be conducted to explore the possible sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: The systematic review and meta-analysis provided by the results of a systematic review can be useful to endocrinologists, physicians, public health policymakers, and the general population.

Lexical-Functional Grammar: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Kersti Börjars
Keyword(s):  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
Lexical Functional Grammar ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Control

Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) is a model for the analysis of language in which different types of linguistic information are represented in separate dimensions, each with its own formalism. These dimensions are linked by mapping principles. In this article, I describe the architecture of the model and illustrate some dimensions of information and the mapping between them in more detail. I also provide an outline of the analysis of long-distance dependencies and control to illustrate the advantages of this type of model. I briefly mention some further areas where LFG has proven to be a useful tool for analysis and provide references for the reader to follow up.

scholarly journals Lipid reserves and immune defense in healthy and diseased migrating monarchs Danaus plexippus

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara A. Satterfield ◽  
Amy E. Wright ◽  
Sonia Altizer
Keyword(s):  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Ophryocystis Elektroscirrha

Abstract Recent studies suggest that the energetic demands of long-distance migration might lower the pool of resources available for costly immune defenses. Moreover, migration could amplify the costs of parasitism if animals suffering from parasite-induced damage or depleted energy reserves are less able to migrate long distances. We investigated relationships between long-distance migration, infection, and immunity in wild fall-migrating monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus. Monarchs migrate annually from eastern North America to central Mexico, accumulating lipids essential for migration and winter survival as they travel southward. Monarchs are commonly infected by the debilitating protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE). We collected data on lipid reserves, parasite loads, and two immune measures (hemocyte concentration and phenoloxidase activity) from wild monarchs migrating through north GA (USA) to ask whether (1) parasite infection negatively affects lipid reserves, and (2) greater investment in lipid reserves is associated with lower immune measures. Results showed that monarchs sampled later in the fall migration had lower but not significantly different immune measures and significantly higher lipid reserves than those sampled earlier. Lipid measures correlated negatively but only nearly significantly with one measure of immune defense (phenoloxidase activity) in both healthy and infected monarchs, but did not depend on monarch infection status or parasite load. These results provide weak support for a trade-off between energy reserves and immune defense in migrants, and suggest that previously-demonstrated costs of OE infection for monarch migration are not caused by depleted lipid reserves.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document