On the well-posedness of a multiscale mathematical model for Lithium-ion batteries

Abstract We consider the mathematical treatment of a system of nonlinear partial differential equations based on a model, proposed in 1972 by J. Newman, in which the coupling between the Lithium concentration, the phase potentials and temperature in the electrodes and the electrolyte of a Lithium battery cell is considered. After introducing some functional spaces well-adapted to our framework, we obtain some rigorous results showing the well-posedness of the system, first for some short time and then, by considering some hypothesis on the nonlinearities, globally in time. As far as we know, this is the first result in the literature proving existence in time of the full Newman model, which follows previous results by the third author in 2016 regarding a simplified case.

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Research on Key Technologies for Improving the Electro catalytic Performance and Physical Properties of Lithium Batteries in Electric Vehicles

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2083 (2) ◽

pp. 022071

Author(s):

Qingyuan Fang

Keyword(s):

Temperature Field ◽

Heat Generation ◽

Lithium Battery ◽

Heat Dissipation ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Performance Model ◽

Battery Pack ◽

Discharge Process ◽

Battery Cell

Abstract Aiming at the uneven heat generation in various parts of the electric vehicle lithium battery pack during the discharge process, the heat generation mechanism is studied, and the lithium battery catalytic performance model is established to obtain the current density and heat generation rate distribution law of the lithium battery cell on the cell. The thermal model can simulate the thermal behavior of the battery under application conditions. Study the laws of battery heat production, heat transfer, and heat dissipation, and calculate the temperature changes inside and on the battery and the temperature field information in real time to provide a basis for the design and optimization of the battery and battery pack thermal management system. The simulation results show that the established model can predict the heating distribution and temperature field of the internal layered structure of the lithium-ion battery, which is helpful for the subsequent analysis of key influencing factors.

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Comparing Technical Criteria of Various Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Formats for Deriving Respective Market Potentials

2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC) ◽

10.1109/epec48502.2020.9320122 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Johannes Full ◽

Johannes Wanner ◽

Steffen Kiemel ◽

Robert Miehe ◽

Max Weeber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Battery Cell

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Investigation of charging and discharging behavior on lithium –ion battery cell using multi scale multi domain battery model in CFD

10.1063/5.0019780 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Siddhan Sivakumar

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Battery Cell ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Battery Model

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Effect of dynamic loads and vibrations on lithium-ion batteries

Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control ◽

10.1177/14613484211008112 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146134842110081

Author(s):

Xia Hua ◽

Alan Thomas

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Battery Pack ◽

Dynamic Loads ◽

Electrical Performance ◽

Mechanical Degradation ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

Battery Cell

Lithium-ion batteries are being increasingly used as the main energy storage devices in modern mobile applications, including modern spacecrafts, satellites, and electric vehicles, in which consistent and severe vibrations exist. As the lithium-ion battery market share grows, so must our understanding of the effect of mechanical vibrations and shocks on the electrical performance and mechanical properties of such batteries. Only a few recent studies investigated the effect of vibrations on the degradation and fatigue of battery cell materials as well as the effect of vibrations on the battery pack structure. This review focused on the recent progress in determining the effect of dynamic loads and vibrations on lithium-ion batteries to advance the understanding of lithium-ion battery systems. Theoretical, computational, and experimental studies conducted in both academia and industry in the past few years are reviewed herein. Although the effect of dynamic loads and random vibrations on the mechanical behavior of battery pack structures has been investigated and the correlation between vibration and the battery cell electrical performance has been determined to support the development of more robust electrical systems, it is still necessary to clarify the mechanical degradation mechanisms that affect the electrical performance and safety of battery cells.

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Post-lithium-ion battery cell production and its compatibility with lithium-ion cell production infrastructure

Nature Energy ◽

10.1038/s41560-020-00748-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 123-134

Author(s):

Fabian Duffner ◽

Niklas Kronemeyer ◽

Jens Tübke ◽

Jens Leker ◽

Martin Winter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Battery Cell ◽

Cell Production ◽

Lithium Ion Cell

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Box–Jenkins Black-Box Modeling of a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Based on Automotive Drive Cycle Data

World Electric Vehicle Journal ◽

10.3390/wevj12030102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Jaouad Khalfi ◽

Najib Boumaaz ◽

Abdallah Soulmani ◽

El Mehdi Laadissi

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Linear Model ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Transfer Functions ◽

Mean Squared Error ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Drive Cycle ◽

Cell Dynamics ◽

Battery Cell ◽

Parameter Identifications

The Box–Jenkins model is a polynomial model that uses transfer functions to express relationships between input, output, and noise for a given system. In this article, we present a Box–Jenkins linear model for a lithium-ion battery cell for use in electric vehicles. The model parameter identifications are based on automotive drive-cycle measurements. The proposed model prediction performance is evaluated using the goodness-of-fit criteria and the mean squared error between the Box–Jenkins model and the measured battery cell output. A simulation confirmed that the proposed Box–Jenkins model could adequately capture the battery cell dynamics for different automotive drive cycles and reasonably predict the actual battery cell output. The goodness-of-fit value shows that the Box–Jenkins model matches the battery cell data by 86.85% in the identification phase, and 90.83% in the validation phase for the LA-92 driving cycle. This work demonstrates the potential of using a simple and linear model to predict the battery cell behavior based on a complex identification dataset that represents the actual use of the battery cell in an electric vehicle.

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Modeling and Simulation in Capacity Degradation and Control of All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Based on Time-Aging Polymer Electrolyte

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13081206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1206

Author(s):

Xuansen Fang ◽

Yaolong He ◽

Xiaomin Fan ◽

Dan Zhang ◽

Hongjiu Hu

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Lithium Battery ◽

Lithium Salt ◽

Operating Temperature ◽

Discharge Rate ◽

Salt Content ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Solid Polymer ◽

Capacity Degradation

The prediction of electrochemical performance is the basis for long-term service of all-solid-state-battery (ASSB) regarding the time-aging of solid polymer electrolytes. To get insight into the influence mechanism of electrolyte aging on cell fading, we have established a continuum model for quantitatively analyzing the capacity evolution of the lithium battery during the time-aging process. The simulations have unveiled the phenomenon of electrolyte-aging-induced capacity degradation. The effects of discharge rate, operating temperature, and lithium-salt concentration in the electrolyte, as well as the electrolyte thickness, have also been explored in detail. The results have shown that capacity loss of ASSB is controlled by the decrease in the contact area of the electrolyte/electrode interface at the initial aging stage and is subsequently dominated by the mobilities of lithium-ion across the aging electrolyte. Moreover, reducing the discharge rate or increasing the operating temperature can weaken this cell deterioration. Besides, the thinner electrolyte film with acceptable lithium salt content benefits the durability of the ASSB. It has also been found that the negative effect of the aging electrolytes can be relieved if the electrolyte conductivity is kept being above a critical value under the storage and using conditions.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Nylon 66/PAN Nanofibrous Film Used as Separator of Lithium-Ion Battery

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13121984 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1984

Author(s):

Yu-Hsun Nien ◽

Chih-Ning Chang ◽

Pao-Lin Chuang ◽

Chun-Han Hsu ◽

Jun-Lun Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Batteries ◽

Lithium Battery ◽

Coulombic Efficiency ◽

Electronic Devices ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Nylon 66 ◽

Excellent Electrochemical Performance ◽

Fabrication And Characterization

In recent years, portable electronic devices have flourished, and the safety of lithium batteries has received increasing attention. In this study, nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning using different ratios of nylon 66/polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and their properties were studied and compared with commercial PP separators. The experimental results show that the addition of PAN in nylon 66/PAN nanofibrous film used as separator of lithium-ion battery can enhance the porosity up to 85%. There is also no significant shrinkage in the shrinkage test, and the thermal dimensional stability is good. When the Li/LiFePO4 lithium battery is prepared by nylon 66/PAN nanofibrous film used as separator, the capacitor can be maintained at 140 mAhg−1 after 20 cycles at 0.1 C, and the coulombic efficiency is still maintained at 99%, which has excellent electrochemical performance.

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Impact of Relaxation Time on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Characterization of the Most Common Lithium Battery Technologies—Experimental Study and Chemistry-Neutral Modeling

World Electric Vehicle Journal ◽

10.3390/wevj12020077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Md Sazzad Hosen ◽

Rahul Gopalakrishnan ◽

Theodoros Kalogiannis ◽

Joris Jaguemont ◽

Joeri Van Mierlo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relaxation Time ◽

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Impedance Measurement ◽

Nonlinear Behavior ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Health Condition ◽

Battery Cell ◽

Rest Time

In electrified vehicle applications, understanding the battery characteristics is of great importance as it is the state-of-art principal energy source. The key battery parameters can be identified by one of the robust and nondestructive characterization techniques, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). However, relaxing the battery cell before performing the EIS method is crucial for the characterization results to be standardized. In this study, the three most common and commercially available lithium-ion technologies (NMC/graphite, LFP/graphite, NCA/LTO) are investigated at 15–45 °C temperature, in the range of 20–80% state of charge (SoC) and in fresh and aged state of health (SoH) conditions. The analysis shows that the duration of the relaxation time before impedance measurement has an impact on the battery’s nonlinear behavior. A rest time of 2 h can be proposed, irrespective of battery health condition, considering neutral technology-based impedance measurement. An impedance growth in ohmic and charge transfer characteristics was found, due to aging, and the effect of rest periods was also analyzed from an electrochemical standpoint. This experimental data was fitted to develop an empirical model, which can predict the nonlinear dynamics of lithium technologies with a 4–8% relative error for longer rest time.

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