Altruismus, Moralität und Vertrauen

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Braun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Individual Rationality ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Choice Approach

AbstractSuccessful trust-relations exist if the trustee reciprocates in accordance with his/her promises to the trustor’s unilateral cooperation. Using a parametric rational choice approach, Coleman shows that an egoist without a moral conscience may place trust in another unmoral egoist. Consequently, successful trust-relations between those actors are possible if strategic considerations play no role for individual decision-making. This paper focusses on such considerations for the emergence of those relations, given complete information (in the sense of common knowledge) of the players. Generally, trust-relations are hard to establish if unmoral egoists take into account their strategic interdependence. It is shown that two different motivations of the trustee, viz., altruism and morality, may suffice to overcome the characteristic conflict between individual rationality and social efficiency in situations with strategically deciding actors.

scholarly journals Individual decision-making by top executives as a valuable resource for strategic management – A resource-based view and dynamic capability approach

2015 ◽  
pp. 2-14
Author(s):  
José Francisco Enriquez de la O
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Business World ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
High Level

Strategy is highly important for organisational success and the achievement of competitive advantage. Strategy is dynamic and it depends on accurate individual decision-making from medium and high-level managers and executives. Since managers always formulate strategy, its formulation depends mostly on their assertive decisions. Making good decisions is a complex task, even more in today’s business world where a large quantity of information and a dynamic environment forces people to decide without having complete information. As Shafir, Simonson, & Tversky (1993) point out, "the making of decisions, both big and small, is often difficult because of uncertainty and conflict". In this paper the author will explain a basic theoretical framework about top manager's individual decision-making, showing how complex the process of making high-impact decisions is; then, he will compare this theory with one of the most important streams in strategic management, the Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm. Finally, within the context of individual decision-making and the RBV stream, the author will show how individual decision makers in top management positions constitute a valuable, rare, non-imitable and non-substitutable resource that provides sustained competitive advantage.

A Discrete-Choice Approach to Modeling Social Influence on Individual Decision Making

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Páez ◽  
Darren M Scott ◽  
Erik Volz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Employment Decisions ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Choice Approach

Individual decision making is commonly studied using discrete choice models. Models of this type are applied extensively to the study of travel behavior, residential location, and employment decisions, among other topics of interest. A notable characteristic of the underlying economic theory is the assumption that individuals seek to maximize utility on the basis of their personal attributes and the attributes of the alternatives available to them. This approach ignores the interrelated nature of decision making in social situations—in other words, the role that social structures play in shaping behavior. In this paper we describe a multinomial discrete choice approach to analyzing individual behavior in social situations where position in a social network may encourage or discourage different courses of action. By means of a simulation example, we explore some properties of the model, in particular the effect of network topology.

Minimizing Missed Opportunities: Modeling Relationships between the State and Business in Russia

2009 ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
A. Oleynik
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Power Domination ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Optimal Outcomes

Power involves a number of models of choice: maximizing, satisficing, coercion, and minimizing missed opportunities. The latter is explored in detail and linked to a particular type of power, domination by virtue of a constellation of interests. It is shown that domination by virtue of a constellation of interests calls for justification through references to a common good, i.e. a rent to be shared between Principal and Agent. Two sources of sub-optimal outcomes are compared: individual decision-making and interactions. Interactions organized in the form of power relationships lead to sub-optimal outcomes for at least one side, Agent. Some empirical evidence from Russia is provided for illustrative purposes.

scholarly journals Humans rely more on algorithms than social influence as a task becomes more difficult

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bogert ◽  
Aaron Schecter ◽  
Richard T. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Individual Decision Making

AbstractAlgorithms have begun to encroach on tasks traditionally reserved for human judgment and are increasingly capable of performing well in novel, difficult tasks. At the same time, social influence, through social media, online reviews, or personal networks, is one of the most potent forces affecting individual decision-making. In three preregistered online experiments, we found that people rely more on algorithmic advice relative to social influence as tasks become more difficult. All three experiments focused on an intellective task with a correct answer and found that subjects relied more on algorithmic advice as difficulty increased. This effect persisted even after controlling for the quality of the advice, the numeracy and accuracy of the subjects, and whether subjects were exposed to only one source of advice, or both sources. Subjects also tended to more strongly disregard inaccurate advice labeled as algorithmic compared to equally inaccurate advice labeled as coming from a crowd of peers.

scholarly journals Ageing on-line in risk society: Elderly people managing the new risks via new media in the context of decreasing ontological security

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Carpentier Reifova ◽  
Sylvie Fišerová
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Media ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Old People ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
On Line ◽  
Second Modernity

This article proposes a theoretical framework for studying new media and its use by elderly people in risk society. Old people and their practices of new media use are discussed in light of the concepts of age cohort, generation and media generation. The article detects homology between individualization (a backbone of the second modernity as defined by Ulrich Beck) in the management of new risks and operation of new media language. Consequently, the concept of “double individualization of responsibility” is coined and connection is made to the effects of new media and new risks on ontological security. The argument is taken further onto the ground of critical gerontology, which claims that individual decision-making and fluidity of the second modernity is a source of insecurity and anxiety mainly for the old people. The article eventually presents the area of e-health as a research field for further exploration of how old people experience autonomy, individual decision making, and the absence of (or conflict with) external authority while dealing with the health risks on-line.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document