scholarly journals Disjunct perceptions? Climate change threats in two-low lying South African coastal towns

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (31) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijsbert Hoogendoorn ◽  
Bronwyn Grant ◽  
Jennifer M. Fitchett
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
South African ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tourist Accommodation

Abstract Coastal towns rely heavily on the quality and expanse of their beaches to attract tourists. Climate is an important tourism determinant, controlling the length and timing of peak arrivals. South African tourism is particularly reliant on these factors. Perceptions of tourists and tourist accommodation establishment regarding climate change threats to tourism are explored for the towns of St Francis Bay and Cape St Francis. Tourism accommodation establishments were predominantly concerned with day-to-day changes in weather, investing in small-scale infrastructural changes to improve the comfort of their guests. By contrast, tourists demonstrated greater concern for the risk of flooding, sea-level rise and the degeneration of the beaches. This reflects concerning disjunctures between perceptions of tourists and accommodation establishments regarding climate change threats. This may portray to tourists insufficient investment in adaptation at accommodation establishments, resulting in decreased tourist visitations in the short-term in favour of destinations perceived as better prepared.

Climate Change Impacts on a Mediterranean Coastal Wetland due to Sea Level Rise (L’Albufera de Valencia, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara E Estrela Segrelles ◽  
Miguel Ángel Pérez Martín ◽  
Gabriel Gómez Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
Short Term

<p>Sea level rise produced by climate change severely affects coastal ecosystems. The increase in the area below sea level facilitates the penetration of the marine wedge and causes an increase in soil salinity. Coastal wetlands are areas of great ecological importance due to the richness of flora and fauna that inhabit them. A change in salinity conditions could lead to a reduction or loss of habitat for the wetland biota. Based on RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 CMIP5 multimodel scenarios, in the Western Mediterranean coast, the sea level will rise 0.16 m in the short term (2026 - 2045) and 0.79 m in 2100. Also, high-end scenarios indicate that sea level will rise between 1.35 m and 1.92 m in the long term.</p><p>A sea level rise analysis has been developed in the coastal wetlands of Júcar River Basin District (JRBD). The results show that coastal wetlands are the mainly area affected in the JRBD, so the 90% of the area under the sea level are wetlands. L’Albufera de Valencia is the main wetland in this basin and, also the main wetland affected. It is an anthropized humid zone, regulated by users through gates to preserve the adequate water level for agricultural and environmental purposes such as rice cultivation around the lake and bird habitats conservation, especially in winter. The outcome of the study shows a significative increase in the area below the sea from 507 ha and 4.2 hm<sup>3</sup> of water volume at present to 3,244 ha that represents 42.6 hm<sup>3</sup> of water volume in the short term. In the long term, the area below the sea is 7,253 ha which means 118.4 hm<sup>3</sup> of water volume in the percentile 50 scenario and, in the worst extreme scenario, it is 13,896 ha that represents 289.7 hm<sup>3</sup> of water volume. This leads to a redefinition of the lake management levels as a climate change adaptation measure to prevent the lake salinization and severe impacts in the lake ecosystem. L’Albufera lake levels need to be increased in the next years to avoid the sea water penetration, related to the sea level rise. Thus, in the short term the lake levels must be increased around 0.16 m and, in the long term, L’Albufera levels must be increased around 0.8 m.</p>

Numerical Simulation for Coastal Area Inundation and its Application 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Ik Son ◽  
Woochang Jeong ◽  
Seboong Oh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
Technology Institute

<p>Many extreme sea level rise events, such as tsunami and surges, caused by abnormal climate change results sea level rise to frequent and serious flooding at coastal basins. The Typhoon Mamie resulted 200M US dollars property damage, 3 thousand family refugees, and 14 victims at Changwon city in 2003.  Furthermore, it is expected that the extreme sea level rise events due to abnormal climate change might be getting frequent and serious as times go by.</p><p>In this study, a numerical simulation and analysis of flood inundation in a small-scale coastal area had been carried out. The applied numerical model adopts two-D finite volume method with a well-balanced HLLC(Harten–Lax–Van Leer contact) scheme. The calibration was performed with comparison between simulation results and real inundated records of Changwon city during the typhoon “Maemi” in September 2003.</p><p>The model was developed to provide overflow simulation capability of parapet wall along coastal line as boundary conditions. Inundation scenarios were simulated with various parapet wall heights and analyzed the efficiency of disaster prevention measures from inundation due to sea level rise.</p><p>Numerical inundation simulation study showed efficiency of parapet walls along coastal line as one of the structural measures. It was found that the inundation volume could be reduced with respect to non-parapet wall by providing parapet wall along coastal line. In addition, the economic analysis between damages due to inundation and construction cost for parapet wall was performed for optimal disaster prevention design.</p><p>Acknowledgement: This work was supported by Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute(KEITI) though Water Management Research Program, funded by Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE)(79608). and Korean NRF (2019R1A2C1003604)</p>

scholarly journals ADAPTATION OF EXISTING BREAKWATERS TO SEA LEVEL RISE – OVERTOPPING EFFECT

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Dang-Trinh Nguyen ◽  
Jérôme Brossard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Changement Climatique ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

This paper describes the wave overtopping measurements of small scale maritime breakwater in sea level rise scenarios which are supposed in French program GICC (Gestion et Impacts du Changement Climatique - Management and Impacts of Climate Change). Many reinforced solutions have been carried out with the purpose to conserve the overtopping rate; among them, the influence of raising freeboard crest is analyzed. The test results are compared with results from literature and with the empirical models presented by Owen (1980), Van der Meer (1998) and Besley (1999). Since then, a guideline is proposed for a better prediction of wave overtopping with various types of high crown-wall.

scholarly journals Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2151
Author(s):  
Gary Griggs ◽  
Borja G. Reguero
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
And Sea Level

The Earth’s climate is changing; ice sheets and glaciers are melting and coastal hazards and sea level are rising in response. With a total population of over 300 million people situated on coasts, including 20 of the planet’s 33 megacities (over 10 million people), low-lying coastal areas represent one of the most vulnerable areas to the impacts of climate change. Many of the largest cities along the Atlantic coast of the U.S. are already experiencing frequent high tide flooding, and these events will increase in frequency, depth, duration and extent as sea levels continue to rise at an accelerating rate throughout the 21st century and beyond. Cities in southeast Asia and islands in the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean are also suffering the effects of extreme weather events combined with other factors that increase coastal risk. While short-term extreme events such as hurricanes, El Niños and severe storms come and go and will be more damaging in the short term, sea-level rise is a long-term permanent change of state. However, the effects of sea-level rise are compounded with other hazards, such as increased wave action or a loss of ecosystems. As sea-level rise could lead to the displacement of hundreds of millions of people, this may be one of the greatest challenges that human civilization has ever faced, with associated inundation of major cities, loss of coastal infrastructure, increased saltwater intrusion and damage to coastal aquifers among many other global impacts, as well as geopolitical and legal implications. While there are several short-term responses or adaptation options, we need to begin to think longer term for both public infrastructure and private development. This article provides an overview of the status on adaptation to climate change in coastal zones.

scholarly journals Economic damages from Hurricane Sandy attributable to sea level rise caused by anthropogenic climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Strauss ◽  
Philip M. Orton ◽  
Klaus Bittermann ◽  
Maya K. Buchanan ◽  
Daniel M. Gilford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Sea Levels

AbstractIn 2012, Hurricane Sandy hit the East Coast of the United States, creating widespread coastal flooding and over $60 billion in reported economic damage. The potential influence of climate change on the storm itself has been debated, but sea level rise driven by anthropogenic climate change more clearly contributed to damages. To quantify this effect, here we simulate water levels and damage both as they occurred and as they would have occurred across a range of lower sea levels corresponding to different estimates of attributable sea level rise. We find that approximately $8.1B ($4.7B–$14.0B, 5th–95th percentiles) of Sandy’s damages are attributable to climate-mediated anthropogenic sea level rise, as is extension of the flood area to affect 71 (40–131) thousand additional people. The same general approach demonstrated here may be applied to impact assessments for other past and future coastal storms.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment Analysis of Sea Level Rise in Denmark: A Case Study of Falster Island, Guldborgsund

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7503
Author(s):  
Alexander Boest-Petersen ◽  
Piotr Michalak ◽  
Jamal Jokar Arsanjani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Local Levels

Anthropogenically-induced climate change is expected to be the contributing cause of sea level rise and severe storm events in the immediate future. While Danish authorities have downscaled the future oscillation of sea level rise across Danish coast lines in order to empower the coastal municipalities, there is a need to project the local cascading effects on different sectors. Using geospatial analysis and climate change projection data, we developed a proposed workflow to analyze the impacts of sea level rise in the coastal municipalities of Guldborgsund, located in Southeastern Denmark as a case study. With current estimates of sea level rise and storm surge events, the island of Falster can expect to have up to 19% of its landmass inundated, with approximately 39% of the population experiencing sea level rise directly. Developing an analytical workflow can allow stakeholders to understand the extent of expected sea level rise and consider alternative methods of prevention at the national and local levels. The proposed approach along with the choice of data and open source tools can empower other communities at risk of sea level rise to plan their adaptation.

scholarly journals The Vulnerability of Health Infrastructure to the Impacts of Climate Change and Sea Level Rise in Small Island Countries in the South Pacific

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863292110208
Author(s):  
Subhashni Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Marshall Islands ◽  
World Health ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Medical Infrastructure

Anthropogenic climate change and related sea level rise will have a range of impacts on populations, particularly in the low lying Pacific island countries (PICs). One of these impacts will be on the health and well-being of people in these nations. In such cases, access to medical facilities is important. This research looks at the medical facilities currently located on 14 PICs and how climate change related impacts such as sea level rise may affect these facilities. The medical infrastructure in each country were located using information from a range of sources such as Ministry of Health (MoH) websites, World Health Organization, Doctors Assisting in South Pacific Islands (DAISI), Commonwealth Health Online, and Google Maps. A spatial analysis was undertaken to identify medical infrastructure located within 4 zones from the coastline of each country: 0 to 50 m, 50 to 100 m, 100 to 200 m, and 200 to 500 m. The findings indicate that 62% of all assessed medical facilities in the 14 PICs are located within 500 m of the coast. The low-lying coral atoll countries of Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Tokelau, and Tuvalu will be highly affected as all medical facilities in these countries fall within 500 m of the coast. The results provide a baseline analysis of the threats posed by sea-level rise to existing critical medical infrastructure in the 14 PICs and could be useful for adaptive planning. These countries have limited financial and technical resources which will make adaptation challenging.

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