Reference intervals for plasma proteins: similarities and differences between adult Caucasian and Asian Indian males in Yorkshire, UK

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Myron Johnson ◽  
Per Hyltoft Petersen ◽  
John T. Whicher ◽  
Anders Carlström ◽  
Sheila MacLennan
Keyword(s):  
Asian Indian ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Gaussian Distributions ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Similarities And Differences

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate similarities and differences in the distribution of serum concentrations of nine proteins in two racial groups (Caucasian and Asian Indian) of adult males living in the same geographical area (Leeds, Bradford, UK) for at least two generations. This is part of a larger study to determine the need for separating reference intervals for racial and ethnic groups worldwide. The distributions of concentrations for all proteins evaluated in the Indians fit ln-Gaussian distributions, indicating probable homogeneity. However, for the Caucasians, the distributions for α

scholarly journals Macropinocytosis in Different Cell Types: Similarities and Differences

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Peng Lin ◽  
Justine D. Mintern ◽  
Paul A. Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Endocytic Vesicles ◽  
Different Cell Types

Macropinocytosis is a unique pathway of endocytosis characterised by the nonspecific internalisation of large amounts of extracellular fluid, solutes and membrane in large endocytic vesicles known as macropinosomes. Macropinocytosis is important in a range of physiological processes, including antigen presentation, nutrient sensing, recycling of plasma proteins, migration and signalling. It has become apparent in recent years from the study of specialised cells that there are multiple pathways of macropinocytosis utilised by different cell types, and some of these pathways are triggered by different stimuli. Understanding the physiological function of macropinocytosis requires knowledge of the regulation and fate of the macropinocytosis pathways in a range of cell types. Here, we compare the mechanisms of macropinocytosis in different primary and immortalised cells, identify the gaps in knowledge in the field and discuss the potential approaches to analyse the function of macropinocytosis in vivo.

scholarly journals Complaint Behaviour between Generations and Its Transmissions: An Exploratory Study in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiram Ting ◽  
Winnie Poh-Ming Wong ◽  
Ernest Cyril de Run
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Consumer Complaint ◽  
Generation Cohorts ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Apparent Similarity ◽  
Practical Implications

Despite the abundance of marketing literature on consumer complaint behaviour, little is done to explicate such behaviour from generational perspectives. How the older and younger groups complain, and whether the latter learn or inherit behavioural values from the former remain unknown. Using theories pertinent to complaint behaviour and social learning theory as the basis, the present study aims to look into complaint behaviour between two generations, namely the mothers and the daughters. A qualitative approach using dyad interview was employed in Malaysia to gain insights not only about their respective complaint behaviour but also its similarities and differences simultaneously. Subsequently, five pairs of mothers and daughters were interviewed. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. The findings show that while the mothers would most likely seek redress in person, complain to others verbally and take no action, the daughters tend to seek redress and tell others about it using electronic media. There is apparent similarity in seeking redress and ranting on between the mothers and daughters but the younger generation tends to do it via social media. The study thus serves as a precursor to future investigation on complaint behaviour by different generation cohorts in the same family and the potential transmission of behavioural values between them. Practical implications are provided.

scholarly journals Thyroid hormone concentrations associated with age, sex, reproductive status and apparent reproductive failure in the Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T R Robeck ◽  
R S Amaral ◽  
V M F da Silva ◽  
A R Martin ◽  
G A Montano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Inia Geoffrensis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Group Sex

AbstractThis study was conducted to characterize immunoreactive thyroid hormone concentrations in wild Amazon river dolphins, also called boto (Inia geoffrensis) by age group, sex, pregnancy and lactation status, and to determine if thyroid hormone concentration differences could be detected between pregnant females with and without successful parturition outcomes. Radioimmunoassays were used to analyse total T3 and total T4 in 182 serum samples collected from 172 botos living in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, in the Brazilian Amazon from 2003 through 2015. Age significantly affected tT3 and tT4 concentrations in males, with values in immature males and females being significantly lower than those in adult males, whereas no age effects were noted between immature females and adult non-pregnant, non-lactating females. Significant sex differences were noted in tT3 concentrations between immature males and females and in tT4 concentrations between adult males and females. These resulted in significant differences in the tT3:tT4 ratio between males and females within the immature and adult groups. Lactating and non-pregnant adult females had significantly higher tT3 concentrations than pregnant females, and this difference was primarily driven by a 12% drop in tT3 concentrations during the last two-thirds of pregnancy. No differences in thyroid hormone concentrations were detected between females diagnosed as pregnant and later found to have or not have a live calf. These results are the first to define thyroid hormone reference intervals and normal physiological variations in a wild population of river dolphins.

The Influences of Sample Distribution and Age on Reference Intervals for Adult Males

1983 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Owen Ash ◽  
Stephen J. Clark ◽  
Lawrence B. Sandberg ◽  
Elizabeth Hunter ◽  
Stephen C. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sample Distribution

Validation of commercial assays for measurements of trefoil factor family peptides in serum

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie H. Samson ◽  
Ebba Nexo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Trefoil Factor ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Measuring Range ◽  
Trefoil Peptides ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Trefoil Factor Family

AbstractTrefoil peptides (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) are 7–12 kDa molecules, secreted by mucin-producing epithelial cells. Increased serum concentrations have been reported in a number of pathological conditions, which warrants the need for validated commercially available assays.We validated commercial assays for TFF1-3 and compared results obtained with our in-house assays, using serum from blood donors.Level of detection was: ≤0.008 nmol/L. Measuring ranges were: 0.032–0.51 (TFF1), 0.038–0.76 (TFF2) and 0.019–0.15 (TFF3) nmol/L. Imprecision (CV), judged from the measurement of serum pools in two levels, was below 9% (TFF2 and TFF3) but up to 18% (mean 0.41 nmol/L) for TFF1. No cross reactivity between the TFFs (concentrations >100 nmol/L) was observed. The 95% non-parametric reference intervals were: <0.0032–0.53 (TFF1), 0.099–1.4 (TFF2) and 0.086–0.87 (TFF3) nmol/L. Comparing commercial to in-house assays (n=132), showed biases explained by differences in the calibrators (TFF1 and TFF2). A number of samples showed markedly different results.The commercial assays for TFF2 and TFF3 are acceptable for use on serum samples, while the TFF1 assay revealed a poor imprecision and a too narrow measuring range. Results obtained with the commercial and the in-house assays differed, partly because of differences in the calibrators employed.

The Earnings of Women and Ethnic Minorities, 1959–1979

ILR Review ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Carlson ◽  
Caroline Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Asian Indian ◽  
White Women ◽  
Census Data ◽  
White Men ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
Annual Earnings

Using 1980 Census data, the authors present estimates of annual earnings equations for twelve ethnic and racial groups, by gender, for 1979, and compare their results with an earlier study's estimates for 1959 and 1969. All minority men and women except Asian Indian and Japanese men earned less than white men in the years for which data were available. The earnings gap for most groups of men and women, however, declined over those years, and the portion of that gap that might be assignable to discrimination (the unexplained “residual”) also declined. A notable exception was white women, whose mean earnings relative to white men's changed little between 1969 and 1979, even when corrected for differences in productive characteristics.

Multicentre physiological reference intervals for serum concentrations of immunoglobulins A, G and M, complement C3c and C4 measured with Tina-Quant® reagents systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Fuentes-Arderiu ◽  
Eduardo Alonso-Gregorio ◽  
Virtudes Álvarez-Funes ◽  
Carmen Ambrós-Marigómez ◽  
Lluís Coca-Fábregas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Serum Concentrations

Manufacturing relocation through offshoring and backshoring: the case of Sweden

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Johansson ◽  
Jan Olhager
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
International Context ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present recent empirical results concerning offshoring and backshoring of manufacturing from and to Sweden, to increase the understanding of manufacturing relocation in an international context. In particular, extent, geographies, type of production, drivers, and benefits of moving manufacturing in both directions are investigated. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on survey data from 373 manufacturing plants. The same set of questions is used for both offshoring and backshoring between 2010 and 2015, which allows similarities and differences in decision-making and results between the two relocation directions to be identified. Findings There are many significant differences between offshoring and backshoring projects. Labour cost is the dominating factor in offshoring, as driver and benefit, while backshoring is related to many drivers and benefits, such as quality, lead-time, flexibility, access to skills and knowledge, access to technology, and proximity to R&D. This is also reflected in the type of production that is relocated; labour-intensive production is offshored and complex production is backshored. Research limitations/implications Plants that have both offshored and backshored think and act differently than plants that have only offshored or backshored, which is why it is important to distinguish between these plant types in the context of manufacturing relocations. Practical implications The experience of Swedish manufacturing plants reported here can be used as a point of reference for internal manufacturing operations. Originality/value The survey design allows a unique comparison between offshoring and backshoring activity. Since Swedish firms in general have been quite active in rearranging their manufacturing footprint and have experience from movements in both directions, it is an appropriate geographical area to study in this context.

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