scholarly journals Evaluation and Modeling Some Engineering Properties of Three Safflower Varieties

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction

Abstract Several physical properties of three safflower cultivars (IL-111, LRV51-51 and Zarghan279) at moisture contents of 10, 15, 20 and 25% were determined and compared. All the linear dimensions, geometric mean diameter and sphericity of safflower seeds increase linearly with increase in seed moisture content. The values of geometric properties were higher for IL-111cultivar than the LRV51-51 and Zarghan279 cultivars. The values of the bulk densities decreased, whereas the thousand seeds mass, true density and porosity were increased with increase in seed moisture content. All the gravimetric properties for the three cultivars of safflower were significantly different (p<0.05). The values of the terminal velocity for all cultivars were significantly increased as the moisture content increased. The terminal velocity for the three cultivars of safflower were significantly different (p<0.05). On the two different surfaces, the coefficient of static friction of the IL-111 cultivar was significantly greater than that of the other cultivars. The static coefficient of friction was higher on plywood and lower for galvanized steel. The values of the angle of repose increased with increase of the moisture content. The values of the angle of repose for Zarghan279 cultivar were higher than the IL-111, LRV51-51 cultivars.

scholarly journals Study on some engineering attributes of pine nut (Pinus pinea) to the design of processing equipment

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M.T. Gharibzahedi ◽  
V. Etemad ◽  
J. Mirarab-Razi ◽  
M. Fos hat
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Moisture-dependent engineering properties of pine nut were studied at 6.3, 8.2, 10.8, 14.5, 18.9, and 20.1% moisture content (dry basis). The length, width, thickness, and geometric mean diameter increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) from 21.75 to 21.85 mm, 7.39 to 7.47 mm, 6.07 to 6.14 mm, and 9.89 to 9.98 mm, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 6.3% to 20.1%, whereas the increase in sphericity from 45.49% to 45.69% was not significant. Similarly, thousand seed mass, true density, porosity, terminal velocity, and angle of repose increased (P &lt; 0.05) from 0.85 to 0.93 kg, 1043.3 to 1071 kg/m3, 41.31% to 44.57%, 8.67 to 8.83 m/s, and 35.4&deg; to 39&deg;, respectively, with an increase in moisture content under the experimental condition. Moreover, the bulk density decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) from 612.3 to 593.6 kg/m3. Coefficient of static friction increased (P &lt; 0.05) from 0.251 to 0.292, 0.241 to 0.271, 0.227 to 0.262, and 0.218 to 0.247 on plywood, galvanized iron sheet, stainless steel, and glass surfaces, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 6.3% to 20.1%.

scholarly journals ​Effect of Moisture Content on Engineering Properties of Green Gram for Designing of Agricultural Equipment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhabani Shankar Dash ◽  
Sangram Keshari Swain ◽  
Debaraj Behera ◽  
Kalpana Rayaguru ◽  
Megha Meshram
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Curve Estimation

Background: Green gram is a popular pulse crop in India (with 2.02 MT production over a cultivated area of 4.26 Mha) and Odisha (20.8 lakh ha area with a yield of 10.60 lakh tonnes). The information on the engineering properties and its behavioural changes with moisture content is vital for handling and designing of different agricultural processing equipment. Methods: This work mainly focused on studying green gram variety’s (Sujata) engineering properties at five different moisture levels (within a moisture range of 10.58 to 45.45% (d.b.). Standard methods and procedures were followed in the study and the output results were compared with previous research work to justify the variation or anomaly in some cases. The curve estimation method (regression analysis) was followed to find the best-fit curve and equation for the parameters studied. Result: The geometric mean diameter (GMD) of grain increased from 3.75 to 4.12 mm within the moisture content (MC) range and the variation was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Sphericity and surface area varied significantly from 0.83 to 0.82 and 44.13 to 53.45 mm2, respectively, within the range of moisture contents studied with a high correlation among the data. Mass of thousand grains augmented (44.13 to 53.45 g) with a rise in MC and the data followed logarithmic and inverse curves. Bulk and true densities of green gram declined significantly from 860 to 670 kg m-3 and 1330 to 1240 kg m-3 with an increase in the moisture content. The porosity of green gram increased significantly from 35.75% to 46.38% and the terminal velocity raised from 9.20 m s-1 to 11.10 m s-1 with an increase in MC. The dynamic angle of repose increased significantly from 30.95 to 46.57o with MC. A significant variation in the coefficient of internal friction (0.78 to 0.90) was observed for the grains. The coefficient of static friction of grain increased significantly for different surfaces (MS, SS, Plywood and GI) with a rise in MC. The MS surface produced the highest coefficient of static friction and SS had the least. The results confirmed significant effect of MC on all engineering properties of green gram.

Study on Postharvest Physico-Mechanical and Aerodynamic Properties of Mungbean [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek] Seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Ghasemlou ◽  
Faramarz Khodaiyan ◽  
Seyed Mohammd Taghi Gharibzahedi ◽  
Ali Moayedi ◽  
Behnam Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction

Determination of physical and mechanical properties can facilitate the design calculations of harvesting, handling, sorting and processing equipments. In this study, these properties of mungbean have been evaluated as a function of seed moisture content varying from 8.72 to 27.41% (d.b.). In this moisture range, the length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter and surface area increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 4.32 to 5.10 mm, 3.33 to 3.54 mm, 3.30 to 3.59 mm, 3.62 to 4.01 mm and 41.1 to 50.6 mm2, respectively, whereas sphericity, porosity, bulk and true density decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 83.80 to 78.63%, 39 to 36.56%, 841.3 to 730.7 kg/m3 and 1379.1 to 1151.8 kg/m3, respectively. Moreover, thousand seed mass, angle of repose and terminal velocity increased (p < 0.01) from 37.3 to 43.8 g, 31.6 to 40.3° and 4.9 to 5.8 m/s, respectively, by increasing the moisture content. The static coefficient of friction of mungbean seed increased against the surfaces of four structural materials, namely plywood (31.54 %), glass (29.54%), stainless steel (21.56%) and galvanized iron sheet (11.41%) as the moisture content increased from 8.72% to 27.41% d.b. Also, the results showed that the force required for initiating seed rupture decreased from 40.56 to 23.04 N and 59.82 to 19.51 N, and the energy absorbed at seed rupture increased from 7.20 to 27.36 mJ and 9.87 to 31.22 mJ by increasing in moisture content from 8.72% to 27.41% d.b. for vertical and horizontal orientations, respectively (p < 0.01).

Note: Physical Properties of High Oleic Sunflower Seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Santalla ◽  
R. H. Mascheroni
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Length Width

High oleic sunflower seeds evaluated at 5.6% moisture content (dry basis) showed a surface area of approximately 102.41 mm2 with an average length, width, thickness and unit mass of 11.526, 5.008 and 2.809 mm and 0.055 g, respectively. Corresponding values for the kernel were 8.802, 3.897 and 1.907 mm and 0.036 g. The mean equivalent diameter and sphericity of the seeds were 5.49 mm and 0.46, respectively, while corresponding values for the kernels were 4.01 mm and 0.44. True density increased, within a moisture range of 4-26% d.b., between 652 and 708 kg/m3 for the seed, between 1015 and 1057 kg/m3 for the kernel and between 636 and 760 kg/m3 for the hull. The bulk density decreased from 386 to 373 kg/m3 for seeds and from 260 to 220 kg/m3 for hulls and increased from 535 to 553 kg/m3 for the kernels. Porosity increased from 41.2 to 47.1% in seeds, from 47.2 to 47.7% in kernels and from 59.2 to 70.1% in hull. Terminal velocity of seeds increased with moisture content between 2.8 and 5.5 m/s for seed, between 1.8 and 3.8 m/s for kernel and between 1.1 and 1.9 m/s for hull. Drag coefficient decreased when moisture content increased and varied between 4.7 and 1.4 in seed and between 12.5 and 3.1 in kernel. Angle of repose increased with moisture content between 25 and 46 in seeds, between 35 and 55 in kernels and between 49 and 66 in hull on different surfaces and resulted higher for hull and kernel than for seed. The coefficient of static friction was higher for kernel than that for seed and hull and also was higher on wood (with grain perpendicular to the direction of the motion) and lower on acrylic and galvanised iron. This coefficient increased with moisture content from 0.23 to 0.50 for seed, from 0.37 to 0.69 for kernel and from 0.31 to 0.60 for hull. All engineering properties evaluated showed a linear dependence with moisture content, leading to simple and accurate formulae, adequate to predict their variation in the range of moisture considered.

Physical properties of coriander seeds at different moisture content

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Balasubramanian ◽  
K.K. Singh ◽  
R. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
True Density ◽  
Seed Moisture

Abstract Physical properties of coriander seeds were determined at moisture content of 3.5-17.7%, d.b. The major axis and 1 000 seeds mass were found to decrease nonlinearly with increase in seed moisture. The medium and minor axes, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, unit volume, surface area and angle of repose increased linearly. Bulk density decreased linearly, however the true density increased non-linearly. The coefficient of static friction increased nonlinearly for different surfaces with increase in moisture level and its maximum was found for plywood surface. The rupture force and energy absorbed decreased linearly with increasing moisture content.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TIGER NUT (Cyperus esculentus) RELEVANT TO ITS MECHANIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tega A Emurigho ◽  
Canice O.O Kabuo ◽  
Arinze N Ifegbo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

The physical and engineering properties of fresh and dried tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) were determined at moisture content of 41.20% and 16.40% on wet basis respectively. The mean values for the three principal axes (length, width and thickness) were 9.52mm, 8.16mm, and 8.16mm for fresh tiger nut and 9.14mm, 7.72mm and 8.03mm for dried tiger nut respectively, showing a decrease with decrease in moisture content and was significantly different at p?0.05. The mean values of the bulk density, true density and porosity of both fresh and dried tiger nut were 0.59g/cm3 , 0.97g/cm3 , 40.61 and 0.58g/cm3, 0.94g/cm3 , 40.35 respectively and were not significantly different at p?0.05. The mean angle of repose and coefficient of static friction over formica, stainless steel, glass and plywood surfaces of fresh tiger nut were 50.11o , 2.73, 2.45, 2.22 and 1.77 while that of dried tiger nut were 48.23o , 2.41, 2.03, 2.11 and 2.00 respectively. The mean rupture force increased with compression force of 90.08N on the major axis to 116.88N for fresh tiger nut and from 120.55N to 161.10N for dried tiger nut and were significantly different at p?0.05. These properties determined are necessary in the design and fabrication of hoppers, conveyor equipment and the force tiger nut can withstand before it is ruptured.

Analysis of physicochemical and thermo-mechanical characteristics of Iranian black seed (Nigella oxypetala Boiss)

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mousavi ◽  
Mohammad Jouki ◽  
Mohammad Ghahderijani
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Black Seed

Abstract The study experimentally scrutinized nutritional and engineering properties of Iranian black seed at a moisture content of 5.1% (w.b.) in order to design processing equipment and machinery for various post-harvest operations. Analysis of chemical composition, mineral content and fatty acid profile illustrated that the seeds had high nutritional value. Bulk density, true density and porosity were 539.3 kg/m3, 1009.4 kg/m3 and 46.5%, respectively. Mean values for angle of repose and terminal velocity were 5.6 m/s and 32.5°, respectively. Static friction coefficient on plywood, mild steel, aluminum and galvanized iron sheet were 0.53, 0.36, 0.32 and 0.37, respectively. Specific heat, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity varied from 1642 to 2035 J/kgK, 0.17 to 0.22 W/mK and 9.3 to 10.4 × 10-8 m2/s, respectively. The force required for initiating seed rupture decreased from 57.36 to 35.1 N and 55.7 to 30.24 N, and the energy absorbed at seed rupture decreased from 51.24 to 21.31 mJ and 26.67 to 6.31 mJ, with increase in loading rate from 1 to 10mm/min, for vertical and horizontal orientations, respectively.

scholarly journals Some Physical Properties of Palmyrah Palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) Fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
P. C. Vengaiah ◽  
S. Kaleemullah ◽  
M. Madhava ◽  
A. Mani ◽  
B. Sreekanth
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
The Individual

Some physical properties of palmyrah fruit were investigated in this study. The average values of major, medium, minor and geometric mean diameters of fresh whole palmyrah fruit were 11.54,10.45, 9.85 and 10.64 cm respectively at 47.34 % (w.b) moisture content whereas that of palmyrah nut were 8.59, 7.35, 4.99 and 6.79 cm respectively at 8% (w.b) moisture content. Sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were found to be 91.94%, 359.17 cm2 and 0.90 for fruit and whereas that of nut were 79.19%, 145.16 cm2 and 0.86 respectively. The average mass of the individual palmyrah fruit and nut was 927.78 and 248.10 g whereas bulk density was 525.92 and 693.0 kg/m3 respectively. The coefficient of static friction on mild steel, glass and plywood surfaces were 0.27, 0.21 and 0.25 for palmyrah fruit and 0.36, 0.28 and 0.27 for nut respectively. The angle of repose of palmyrah fruit and nut were 30.77 and 44.03 respectively.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON SOME ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ARECANUT (ARECA CATECHU L.) FRUIT WHICH ARE RELEVANT TO THE DESIGN OF PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Ramayanty Bulan ◽  
Devianti ◽  
Ega Septi Ayu ◽  
Agustami Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Static Coefficient

The physical and mechanical properties of fresh arecanut fruit have not been comprehensively and thoroughly investigated scientifically yet. This made the researchers and engineers not to be precise in designing the fresh arecanut handling machine. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate some engineering properties of arecanut fruit in three moisture viz. 67.66%, w.b. (underripe stages), 64.86%, w.b. (ripe stages), and 33.90%, w.b. (overripe stages). In general, the results of the study show that the geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, bulk and true density, porosity, angle of repose, compression force and static coefficient of friction at different surfaces (stainless steel, plywood, and glass) of arecanut fruit were found to increase 2.16%, 2.70%, 4.26%, 0.02%, 42.16%, 42.41%, 9.97%, 17.04%, 20.30%, and 22.04% respectively at decrease of moisture content from 67.66%, w.b. to 33.90%, w.b. However, sphericity, aspect ratio, thousand fruit mass, and bulk density of the arecanut fruit were found to decrease 2.31%, 3.31%, 34.54%, and, 50.24%, respectively at a decrease of moisture content from 67.66% (w.b.) to 33.90% (w.b.). Some engineering properties of arecanut fruit indicate something slightly different from the arecanut kernels so that this data can help the researcher or engineer to design the fresh arecanut fruit handling machine more precisely.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON SOME ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ARECANUT (ARECA CATECHU L.) FRUIT WHICH ARE RELEVANT TO THE DESIGN OF PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Ramayanty Bulan ◽  
Devianti ◽  
Ega Septi Ayu ◽  
Agustami Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Static Coefficient

The physical and mechanical properties of fresh arecanut fruit have not been comprehensively and thoroughly investigated scientifically yet. This made the researchers and engineers not to be precise in designing the fresh arecanut handling machine. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate some engineering properties of arecanut fruit in three moisture viz. 67.66%, w.b. (underripe stages), 64.86%, w.b. (ripe stages), and 33.90%, w.b. (overripe stages). In general, the results of the study show that the geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, bulk and true density, porosity, angle of repose, compression force and static coefficient of friction at different surfaces (stainless steel, plywood, and glass) of arecanut fruit were found to increase 2.16%, 2.70%, 4.26%, 0.02%, 42.16%, 42.41%, 9.97%, 17.04%, 20.30%, and 22.04% respectively at decrease of moisture content from 67.66%, w.b. to 33.90%, w.b. However, sphericity, aspect ratio, thousand fruit mass, and bulk density of the arecanut fruit were found to decrease 2.31%, 3.31%, 34.54%, and, 50.24%, respectively at a decrease of moisture content from 67.66% (w.b.) to 33.90% (w.b.). Some engineering properties of arecanut fruit indicate something slightly different from the arecanut kernels so that this data can help the researcher or engineer to design the fresh arecanut fruit handling machine more precisely.

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