scholarly journals Study on some engineering attributes of pine nut (Pinus pinea) to the design of processing equipment

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M.T. Gharibzahedi ◽  
V. Etemad ◽  
J. Mirarab-Razi ◽  
M. Fos hat
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Moisture-dependent engineering properties of pine nut were studied at 6.3, 8.2, 10.8, 14.5, 18.9, and 20.1% moisture content (dry basis). The length, width, thickness, and geometric mean diameter increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 21.75 to 21.85 mm, 7.39 to 7.47 mm, 6.07 to 6.14 mm, and 9.89 to 9.98 mm, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 6.3% to 20.1%, whereas the increase in sphericity from 45.49% to 45.69% was not significant. Similarly, thousand seed mass, true density, porosity, terminal velocity, and angle of repose increased (P < 0.05) from 0.85 to 0.93 kg, 1043.3 to 1071 kg/m3, 41.31% to 44.57%, 8.67 to 8.83 m/s, and 35.4° to 39°, respectively, with an increase in moisture content under the experimental condition. Moreover, the bulk density decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 612.3 to 593.6 kg/m3. Coefficient of static friction increased (P < 0.05) from 0.251 to 0.292, 0.241 to 0.271, 0.227 to 0.262, and 0.218 to 0.247 on plywood, galvanized iron sheet, stainless steel, and glass surfaces, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 6.3% to 20.1%.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Modeling Some Engineering Properties of Three Safflower Varieties

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction

Abstract Several physical properties of three safflower cultivars (IL-111, LRV51-51 and Zarghan279) at moisture contents of 10, 15, 20 and 25% were determined and compared. All the linear dimensions, geometric mean diameter and sphericity of safflower seeds increase linearly with increase in seed moisture content. The values of geometric properties were higher for IL-111cultivar than the LRV51-51 and Zarghan279 cultivars. The values of the bulk densities decreased, whereas the thousand seeds mass, true density and porosity were increased with increase in seed moisture content. All the gravimetric properties for the three cultivars of safflower were significantly different (p<0.05). The values of the terminal velocity for all cultivars were significantly increased as the moisture content increased. The terminal velocity for the three cultivars of safflower were significantly different (p<0.05). On the two different surfaces, the coefficient of static friction of the IL-111 cultivar was significantly greater than that of the other cultivars. The static coefficient of friction was higher on plywood and lower for galvanized steel. The values of the angle of repose increased with increase of the moisture content. The values of the angle of repose for Zarghan279 cultivar were higher than the IL-111, LRV51-51 cultivars.

scholarly journals ​Effect of Moisture Content on Engineering Properties of Green Gram for Designing of Agricultural Equipment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhabani Shankar Dash ◽  
Sangram Keshari Swain ◽  
Debaraj Behera ◽  
Kalpana Rayaguru ◽  
Megha Meshram
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Curve Estimation

Background: Green gram is a popular pulse crop in India (with 2.02 MT production over a cultivated area of 4.26 Mha) and Odisha (20.8 lakh ha area with a yield of 10.60 lakh tonnes). The information on the engineering properties and its behavioural changes with moisture content is vital for handling and designing of different agricultural processing equipment. Methods: This work mainly focused on studying green gram variety’s (Sujata) engineering properties at five different moisture levels (within a moisture range of 10.58 to 45.45% (d.b.). Standard methods and procedures were followed in the study and the output results were compared with previous research work to justify the variation or anomaly in some cases. The curve estimation method (regression analysis) was followed to find the best-fit curve and equation for the parameters studied. Result: The geometric mean diameter (GMD) of grain increased from 3.75 to 4.12 mm within the moisture content (MC) range and the variation was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Sphericity and surface area varied significantly from 0.83 to 0.82 and 44.13 to 53.45 mm2, respectively, within the range of moisture contents studied with a high correlation among the data. Mass of thousand grains augmented (44.13 to 53.45 g) with a rise in MC and the data followed logarithmic and inverse curves. Bulk and true densities of green gram declined significantly from 860 to 670 kg m-3 and 1330 to 1240 kg m-3 with an increase in the moisture content. The porosity of green gram increased significantly from 35.75% to 46.38% and the terminal velocity raised from 9.20 m s-1 to 11.10 m s-1 with an increase in MC. The dynamic angle of repose increased significantly from 30.95 to 46.57o with MC. A significant variation in the coefficient of internal friction (0.78 to 0.90) was observed for the grains. The coefficient of static friction of grain increased significantly for different surfaces (MS, SS, Plywood and GI) with a rise in MC. The MS surface produced the highest coefficient of static friction and SS had the least. The results confirmed significant effect of MC on all engineering properties of green gram.

Note: Physical Properties of High Oleic Sunflower Seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Santalla ◽  
R. H. Mascheroni
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Length Width

High oleic sunflower seeds evaluated at 5.6% moisture content (dry basis) showed a surface area of approximately 102.41 mm2 with an average length, width, thickness and unit mass of 11.526, 5.008 and 2.809 mm and 0.055 g, respectively. Corresponding values for the kernel were 8.802, 3.897 and 1.907 mm and 0.036 g. The mean equivalent diameter and sphericity of the seeds were 5.49 mm and 0.46, respectively, while corresponding values for the kernels were 4.01 mm and 0.44. True density increased, within a moisture range of 4-26% d.b., between 652 and 708 kg/m3 for the seed, between 1015 and 1057 kg/m3 for the kernel and between 636 and 760 kg/m3 for the hull. The bulk density decreased from 386 to 373 kg/m3 for seeds and from 260 to 220 kg/m3 for hulls and increased from 535 to 553 kg/m3 for the kernels. Porosity increased from 41.2 to 47.1% in seeds, from 47.2 to 47.7% in kernels and from 59.2 to 70.1% in hull. Terminal velocity of seeds increased with moisture content between 2.8 and 5.5 m/s for seed, between 1.8 and 3.8 m/s for kernel and between 1.1 and 1.9 m/s for hull. Drag coefficient decreased when moisture content increased and varied between 4.7 and 1.4 in seed and between 12.5 and 3.1 in kernel. Angle of repose increased with moisture content between 25 and 46 in seeds, between 35 and 55 in kernels and between 49 and 66 in hull on different surfaces and resulted higher for hull and kernel than for seed. The coefficient of static friction was higher for kernel than that for seed and hull and also was higher on wood (with grain perpendicular to the direction of the motion) and lower on acrylic and galvanised iron. This coefficient increased with moisture content from 0.23 to 0.50 for seed, from 0.37 to 0.69 for kernel and from 0.31 to 0.60 for hull. All engineering properties evaluated showed a linear dependence with moisture content, leading to simple and accurate formulae, adequate to predict their variation in the range of moisture considered.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TIGER NUT (Cyperus esculentus) RELEVANT TO ITS MECHANIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tega A Emurigho ◽  
Canice O.O Kabuo ◽  
Arinze N Ifegbo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

The physical and engineering properties of fresh and dried tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) were determined at moisture content of 41.20% and 16.40% on wet basis respectively. The mean values for the three principal axes (length, width and thickness) were 9.52mm, 8.16mm, and 8.16mm for fresh tiger nut and 9.14mm, 7.72mm and 8.03mm for dried tiger nut respectively, showing a decrease with decrease in moisture content and was significantly different at p?0.05. The mean values of the bulk density, true density and porosity of both fresh and dried tiger nut were 0.59g/cm3 , 0.97g/cm3 , 40.61 and 0.58g/cm3, 0.94g/cm3 , 40.35 respectively and were not significantly different at p?0.05. The mean angle of repose and coefficient of static friction over formica, stainless steel, glass and plywood surfaces of fresh tiger nut were 50.11o , 2.73, 2.45, 2.22 and 1.77 while that of dried tiger nut were 48.23o , 2.41, 2.03, 2.11 and 2.00 respectively. The mean rupture force increased with compression force of 90.08N on the major axis to 116.88N for fresh tiger nut and from 120.55N to 161.10N for dried tiger nut and were significantly different at p?0.05. These properties determined are necessary in the design and fabrication of hoppers, conveyor equipment and the force tiger nut can withstand before it is ruptured.

Moisture Dependent Selected Engineering Properties of Deenanath Seeds in Relation to Development of Processing Machinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sheshrao Kautkar ◽  
P. K. Pathak ◽  
Bholuram Gurjar ◽  
Sunil Swami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width

Propagation of grasses through seeds is important in view of vigour and germination. Various grasses as Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chrysopogan fulvus have lower vigour and germination, due to which they need specific operations as defluffing, separation of true seeds, cleaning and grading by specific machines. In designing a machine for a specific use, physical properties and their behaviour with moisture play an important role. A study was conducted to assess the effect of moisture content at five levels [6.88 - 19.23 %, (d.b.)] on selected physical properties of defluffed Deenanath grass seed. The length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, and geometric mean diameter of defluffed Deenanath seed increased from 2.30 mm to 2.56 mm, 0.71 mm to 0.96 mm, 0.47 mm to 0.63 mm, 1.16 mm to 1.38 mm, and 0.90 mm to 1.15 mm, respectively, with increase in moisture content 6.88 % to 19.23 %. Bulk density, true density, and porosity decreased from 652.16 kg.m-3 to 585.78 kg.m-3, 852.63 kg.m-3 to 792.71 kg.m-3, and 25.62 % to 24.97 %, respectively, with increase in moisture content from 6.88 % to 19.23 per cent. The aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, volume, and thousand-seed mass of the seed were in the range of 30.91 - 37.51 %, 0.39 - 0.45, 2.58 - 3.23 mm2 , 3.71 - 4.97 mm3 , and 0.480 - 0.523 g, respectively. Linear relationships with correlation coefficients higher than 0.90 were observed for the physical properties over the experimental range of moisture content.

Moisture-dependent Physical and Thermal Properties of Sericea Lespedeza Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-397
Author(s):  
Ajit K Mahapatra ◽  
Daniel E Ekefre ◽  
Hema L Degala ◽  
Somashekhar M Punnuri ◽  
Thomas H Terrill
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Mean Diameter

Abstract. The bioactivity of Sericea lespedeza (SL) condensed tannins, including suppression of gastrointestinal nematodes, has contributed to a surge in interest of use of this plant in livestock production systems worldwide. Physical and thermal properties of SL seeds (AU Grazer™ and Serala cultivars) were determined as a function of moisture content for a moisture range from 8.57% to 26.53%, wet basis. The length, width, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, volume, and 1000 seed mass of both the seeds increased as the moisture content increased. Bulk density and unit density decreased as the moisture content increased. The sphericity of SL seeds decreased with increasing moisture content. Serala seeds were characterized by a higher aspect ratio than AU Grazer™. The angle of repose of SL seeds increased, while the compressibility index decreased in the moisture range. For color, the L* values of SL seeds decreased while the a* values increased with the increase in moisture content. A decrease in the b* values was insignificant. The thermal conductivity and specific heat of SL seeds decreased, whereas, thermal diffusivity increased as the moisture content of SL seeds increased. Serala seeds were characterized by higher values of thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat than AU Grazer™. Keywords: Engineering properties, Moisture content, Physical properties, Seeds, Thermal properties.

Physical Properties of Naked Oat Seeds (Avena nuda L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-yue Ren ◽  
Ping Yao ◽  
Nan Fu ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Yubin Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Content Range

Abstract Some physical properties of the naked oat seeds were determined as a function of moisture content ranging from 9.56 to 18.07% (wet basis, w.b.). Seed length, width, thickness, and geometric mean diameter were increased from 7.89 to 8.81 mm, 2.32 to 3.09 mm, 1.85 to 2.77 mm, and 3.24 to 4.22 mm, respectively, with the increase of moisture content. The bulk and true densities of the seed samples were decreased from 682.1 to 533.1 kg/m3 and from 1,280.6 to 1,162.8 kg/m3, respectively. The average static friction coefficients of the seeds on the surfaces of plywood, stainless steel, and polypropylene knitted bags were increased from 0.403 to 0.674, from 0.371 to 0.496, and from 0.562 to 0.765, respectively, when the moisture content of these samples were increased from 9.56 to 18.07% (w.b.). The static angle of repose varied from 24.38° to 39.17° in the moisture content range.

Moisture Dependent Physical Properties of Grape Seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Milani ◽  
Ali Moetamedzadegan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Static Coefficient

This study was carried out to determine the effect of moisture content on some physical properties of grape seed. Seven levels of moisture content varying from 12.26 to 24.61% (w.b.) were considered in this study. Length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and 1000 seed mass increased by 2.58%, 3.63%, 8.36%, 4.78%, 2.14%, and 22.62%, respectively, with the increase of moisture content. Bulk and true density increased from 469.3 to 546.3 kg/m3 and 1058.7 to 1159.3 kg/m3, respectively, while porosity decreased from 55.67 to 52.87%. The angle of repose increased from 21.79 to 29.65° with the increase of moisture content. The hardness decreased from 58.72 to 23.34 N with increase in moisture content. The static coefficient of friction of seeds was determined on concrete, galvanized iron, plywood and glass sheets at various moisture contents. The highest and lowest static coefficients of friction were observed on concrete and glass sheet, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Drying on Selected Physical Properties of “Asontem” Cowpea Variety

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ato Bart-Plange ◽  
Komla Agbeko Dzisi ◽  
Jonathan Ampah
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Content Range ◽  
Cowpea Variety

Storage, handling, processing, and other postharvest operations of agricultural products require information about their physical properties for the design of related machinery. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of drying on some physical properties of “asontem” cowpea variety within the moisture content range of 19.00% wb and 9.58% wb using standard techniques. Four levels of moisture content were used namely, 19.00%, 15.13%, 11.50%, and 9.58% wb. The average length, width, and thickness decreased with decreasing moisture content from 8.16 to 7.11 mm, 6.36 to 6.28 mm and 4.77 to 4.61 mm respectively. The geometric mean diameter, surface area, and volume decreased nonlinearly with decreasing moisture content from 6.27 to 5.89 mm, 123.88 to 109.46 mm2, and 130.23 to 108.02 mm3, respectively. 1000 grain mass decreased non-linearly from 132.85 to 120.92 g and true density increased non-linearly with decreasing moisture content from 1063.80 to 1185.92 kg/m3. The filling angle of repose decreased non-linearly from 29.34 to 27.92°, while the coefficient of static friction also decreased non-linearly from 0.36 to 0.29, 0.35 to 0.28, and 0.31 to 0.21 for plywood, mild steel, and rubber, respectively.

Study on Postharvest Physico-Mechanical and Aerodynamic Properties of Mungbean [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek] Seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Ghasemlou ◽  
Faramarz Khodaiyan ◽  
Seyed Mohammd Taghi Gharibzahedi ◽  
Ali Moayedi ◽  
Behnam Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction

Determination of physical and mechanical properties can facilitate the design calculations of harvesting, handling, sorting and processing equipments. In this study, these properties of mungbean have been evaluated as a function of seed moisture content varying from 8.72 to 27.41% (d.b.). In this moisture range, the length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter and surface area increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 4.32 to 5.10 mm, 3.33 to 3.54 mm, 3.30 to 3.59 mm, 3.62 to 4.01 mm and 41.1 to 50.6 mm2, respectively, whereas sphericity, porosity, bulk and true density decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 83.80 to 78.63%, 39 to 36.56%, 841.3 to 730.7 kg/m3 and 1379.1 to 1151.8 kg/m3, respectively. Moreover, thousand seed mass, angle of repose and terminal velocity increased (p < 0.01) from 37.3 to 43.8 g, 31.6 to 40.3° and 4.9 to 5.8 m/s, respectively, by increasing the moisture content. The static coefficient of friction of mungbean seed increased against the surfaces of four structural materials, namely plywood (31.54 %), glass (29.54%), stainless steel (21.56%) and galvanized iron sheet (11.41%) as the moisture content increased from 8.72% to 27.41% d.b. Also, the results showed that the force required for initiating seed rupture decreased from 40.56 to 23.04 N and 59.82 to 19.51 N, and the energy absorbed at seed rupture increased from 7.20 to 27.36 mJ and 9.87 to 31.22 mJ by increasing in moisture content from 8.72% to 27.41% d.b. for vertical and horizontal orientations, respectively (p < 0.01).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document