The tomb of the Spring-and-Autumn Period at Jiwang Gu in Yishui County, Shandong

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Special Structure ◽  
High Rank ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Eastern Zhou ◽  
Grave Goods

AbstractThe tomb of the Spring-and-Autumn Period at Jiwang Gu (Jiwang Mesa) is a stone shaft pit tomb with wooden chamber cut out of the rock on the top of the mesa; it consists of the grave, the passageway and the chariot-and- horse pit, and the grave and the chariot-and-horse pit are in the same rock pit. The grave is partitioned into the outer coffin chamber, the inner coffin chamber, two nested coffins, two storage boxes and three human victim pits. From this tomb, large amounts of jades, bronzes and other artifacts about 200 pieces (or sets) in total were unearthed. This tomb has large scale, high rank, special structure and rich grave goods, all of which are significantly meaningful for the researches on the cultures and burial system of this region during the Eastern Zhou Period.

The Mudu Archaic City Site of the Spring-and-Autumn Period in Suzhou City, Jiangsu

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joint Archaeological Team Of Instit ◽  
Suzhou Municipal Institute Of Archa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Water Gate ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Zhou

AbstractIn 2009 and 2010, a series of archaeological investigations were conducted in and around the Mudu archaic city site located in the southwestern highland of Greater Suzhou, Jiangsu. The excavations revealed sections of the north circumference wall at Wufeng and the water gate of the south circumference wall at Xinfeng. The surveys identified the possible locations of the east and the west circumference walls. Diagnostic proto-porcelain and stamped potsherds were recovered. It is tentatively argued that both the north and the south walls were built and in use during the late Spring-and-Autumn Period. The Mudu Site, therefore, was a large-scale walled settlement functioned as a regional center of its time. These findings are instrumental in the search for the lost capital of Wu State of the Spring-and-Autumn Period, the understanding of the relationship among the various contemporary settlement sites, cairns, earthen mounds, and caches distributed in the region, and the reconstruction of the local cultural history of Eastern Zhou.

The Liujiawa site of the Rui state of the Eastern Zhou in Chengcheng County, Shaanxi Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Development History ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Materials ◽  
Eastern Zhou

AbstractIn 2017 and 2018, Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology and other institutions conducted a rescue excavation to the Liujiawa site, which recovered features including city site, ditches (moats), rammed-earth foundations, burials, and unearthed bronze ding-cauldrons with “Rui Gong (Duke of Rui)” inscription, as well as bronze gui-tureens, chime bells, zheng-bells, chime music stones, jade ge-dagger axes, and other ritual and musical instruments. The scale of the site and the ranks of the artifacts all showed that the Liujiawa site was the site of the capital of the Rui state at its late stage in the early and mid Spring-and-Autumn period; the bronze chime bells and chime music stones unearthed at this site provided critical materials for the studies on the development history of ancient musical instruments and musical archaeology of China.

Peng She’s tomb of the Chu State of the Spring-and-Autumn Period in Nanyang, Henan

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanyang Municipal Institute Of Cult
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
North Part ◽  
Grave Goods

AbstractIn June of 2008, archaeologists excavated a tomb (M38) of the Chu State from the late Spring-and-Autumn Period. It was a rectangular vertical pit tomb with a wooden tomb chamber and two coffins; the opening at ground level was 7m long from north to south and 5m wide from east to west. The two coffins were laid side by side in the north part of the chamber. The grave goods included bronzes, jade and stone wares, leather armor, etc. The bronzes were especially fine, including chariot-and-horse fittings, tools, ritual vessels of various types, and a wide variety of weapons. The tomb yielded five lidded

The tusi cemetery of the Yang Family at Xinpu New District, Zunyi City, Guizhou

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Time ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Special Structure ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grave Goods ◽  
Minority Area

AbstractIn 2013 and 2014, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other institutions conducted large-scale excavation to the tusi (hereditary headmen system in the minority area, and also the title of the headmen) cemetery of the Yang Family in Xinpu New District, Zunyi City, which recovered three tombs of the tusi of the Yang Family. Among these three tombs, Yang Jie’s tomb was a large-sized earthen pit tomb furnished with wooden coffin chamber, which was a special structure in this cemetery; it was well preserved and yielded large amount of elaborate gold and silver wares and other exquisite grave goods. The entire cemetery had clear and tidy arrangements, diversified burial types, exact tomb occupant identities, large time span and rich grave goods yielded, all of which enriched the knowledge on the funeral system, genealogy and cultural characteristics of the Yang Family, the tusi clan of Bozhou Prefecture, made it possible to comprehensively explore the social history of the ancient Bozhou Prefecture and propelled the archaeological researches on the remains of the tusi system.

Cooling Process for Directional Solidification in Directed Energy Deposition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiya Ishiyama ◽  
Ryo Koike ◽  
Yasuhiro Kakinuma ◽  
Tetsuya Suzuki ◽  
Takanori Mori
Keyword(s):  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Special Structure ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Directed Energy Deposition ◽  
Directed Energy

Additive manufacturing (AM) for metals has attracted attention from industry because of its great potential to enhance production efficiency and reduce production costs. Directed energy deposition (DED) is a metal AM process suitable to produce large-scale freeform metal products. DED entails irradiating the baseplate with a laser beam and launching the metal powder onto the molten spot to produce a metal part on the baseplate. Because the process enables powder from different materials to be used, DED is widely applicable to valuable production work such as for a dissimilar material joint, a graded material, or a part with a special structure. With regard to parts with a special structure, directional solidification can prospectively be used in the power plant and aerospace industries because it can enhance the stiffness in a specific direction via only a simple process. However, conventional approaches for directional solidification require a special mold in order to realize a long-lasting thermal gradient in the part. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of thermal distribution in a produced part, DED is able to control the gradient by controlling the position of the molten pool, i.e., the position of the laser spot. Moreover, unlike casting, the thermal gradient can be precisely oriented in the expected direction, because the laser supplies heat energy on the regulated spot. In this study, the applicability of DED to directional solidification in Inconel® 625 is theoretically and experimentally evaluated through metal structure observation and Vickers hardness measurements. Furthermore, the effect of two different cooling processes on directional solidification is also considered with the aim of improving the mechanical stiffness of a part produced by DED. The observations and experimental results show that both the cooling methods (baseplate cooling and intermittent treatment with coolant) are able to enhance the hardness while retaining the anisotropy.

On the origin and formation of the early Qin Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Shang Dynasty ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Zhou Dynasty ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Western Zhou ◽  
Western Zhou Dynasty

Abstract The early Qin Culture refers to the Qin Culture from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring-and-Autumn Period. Considering its cultural composition, we will realize that it has three main sources, namely the Shang, Zhou, and Western Rong (Western Barbarian) Cultures. The elements derived from the Shang Culture comprised the furniture of waist pits and the custom of dog burial in graves, the use of human sacrifice, the interment of chariots and horses, the Shang-style pottery wares and the tradition of constructing huge-scale mausoleums. These elements reflect that the Qin people initially came from the east and had strong ties with the Shang Dynasty and were deeply influenced by the Shang Culture, and belonged to the Yin people (after the fall of the Shang Dynasty) in the broader sense. The elements absorbed from the Zhou Culture comprised the architectural types of ancestral temples and palaces, the adoption of the ritual vessels, the suspended musical instruments, the Zhou style pottery wares and the writing system. These elements indicate that the Qin people adopted the ritual and musical culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which had a great political significance at the early stage of Qin’s history. The factors derived from the cultures of the Western Rong ethnic group or the northern steppes included the flexed burial position, the golden body ornaments and chariots and horses, iron wares, animal motifs on utensils, recesses on the walls of the burial pits and the ditches around the graves, the use of bronze cauldrons and swords (daggers). Such elements reflect that during the development process in the Longyou region, the Qin people absorbed the cultures of the adjacent Western Rong ethnic group, the Eurasian steppes and farther beyond. The first kind of elements continued to predominate the Qin Culture down to the middle Western Zhou, then the second and the third ones arose from the late Western Zhou to the early Spring-and-Autumn Period, and simultaneously, the first were only present in the aristocratic burial activities. Based on the remnants of the Shang Culture, the early Qin Culture came into being by widely absorbing elements of the Zhou and Western Rong Cultures.

The pattern of archaeological cultures in northern China during the Eastern Zhou Period to the Qin Dynasty – also on the interactions among the Rong, Di and Hu ethnic groups and the Central Plains

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Yueying Shan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
The North ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Eastern Zhou ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Cultural Features

Abstract Through the systematic trimming and analysis to the remains of the archaeological cultures of the Eastern Zhou Period through the Qin Dynasty in northern China, this paper puts forward that during this period, there were two cultural zones (the north and south cultural “belts”) with clearly different cultural features and connotations and peoples bearing clearly different physical characteristics in northern China, and discussed the regional differences of the remains of the archaeological cultures in each cultural belt and their developments and changes. The cultures in the south cultural belt could not be regarded as a part of the early Iron Age cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, but a kind of culture peculiar to the transitional zone between the cultures in the Eurasian Steppes and that in the Central Plains; the development and evolution of the north cultural belt, which emerged in the mid to the late Spring-and-Autumn Period, can be divided into three clear phases: the first phase was a part of the early Iron Age cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, but since the second phase, the cultural features and connotations of this belt began to stray out of the cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, which would be closely related to the military conquering and political management of the Central Plains polities and the powerful northward advance of the cultures of the Central Plains. Referring to the relevant historic literature, this paper made further observations to the interactions among the polities of the Central Plains and the peoples in these two cultural belts and the changes of the cultural patterns in each of the two cultural belts, and revealed the processes of the Sinicization of the Rong, Di and Hu ethnic groups in northern China. This paper pointed out that the Hu ethnic group lived in northern China since the mid Spring-and-Autumn Period, and the later appearance of the Hu people in the historic literatures was related to the northward advances of the territories of polities of the Central Plains rather than the southward invasion of the nomadic tribes living in the present-day Mongolian Plateau.

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