Systematic Flexibility and the History of the IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Hepler-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
International Union ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Chemistry Students ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Iupac Nomenclature

For chemists and chemistry students around the world, “IUPAC” is synonymous with “nomenclature” – especially the nomenclature of organic chemistry. Generations of chemists have learned – sometimes grudgingly – to read and write systematic names for organic compounds using guidelines codified by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. [1,2,3] The prefixes, suffixes, numbers, and parentheses of IUPAC names put molecules in order: individually, by expressing the network of atoms and bonds that constitutes the structure of an organic compound, and collectively, by situating each compound among the tens of millions of known organic chemical substances. IUPAC names carry this order out of chemical journals and into such sites as patent records, customs lists, and environmental regulatory databases.

scholarly journals Номенклатура на органската хемија - 1. Вовед и име претпочитано од IUPAC

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Зоран Здравковски
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
International Union ◽  
Applied Chemistry ◽  
Iupac Nomenclature

<p>Првите системски правила за именување на органските соединенија се донесени на Конгресот на хемичарите во Женева во 1892 година и се познати како Женевска номенклатура. Тие се надополнети со Правилата од Лиеж во 1930 година, Луцерн 1936 година и Рим 1938 година. Во 1947 година при Меѓународната унија за чиста и применета хемија (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry – IUPAC) е формирана Комисија за номенклатура која ги објавува првите правила на IUPAC во 1957 година (секции А и В), ги проширува во 1969 година (секции А, В и С) и во 1979 година (секции A, B, C, D, F, G и H) [1]. Пред дваесет години, во 1993 година, измените излегоа во едно мало, но значајно издание под наслов <em>A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds</em> – за жал користењето не беше многу практично затоа што мораше да се користи заедно со изданието од 1979 година [2]. Оваа година излезе ново издание <em>Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recom­mendations and Preferred Names 2013</em>, или скратено <em>Препораки 2013</em>, на повеќе од 1500 страници [3]. Правилата од 1979 и препораките од 1993 се модифицирани за да се постигне доследност на целиот систем. Во случај на разлики меѓу разните препораки, предимство имаат најновите од 2013.</p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /></div>

scholarly journals CLASSIFICAÇÃO DAS SUBSTÂNCIAS QUÍMICAS: UM CONCEITO POUCO EXPLORADO NA EDUCAÇÃO QUÍMICA

Química Nova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia Lima ◽  
José Silva
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Chemistry Teaching ◽  
Teaching Literature ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Chemistry Students ◽  
Chemistry Textbooks ◽  
Chemical Concepts ◽  
History Of

The classification of chemical substances is a concept little explored in Chemistry teaching literature and in Chemistry textbooks at higher and secondary levels. The aim of this paper is to discuss theoretically the importance and contributions of this concept for teaching and learning Chemistry. The History of Chemistry reveals that the chemical criteria for classifying materials came up with the modern concepts of chemical element and chemical reaction, which gave rise to the notion of chemical similarity. Later, such similarity was related to molecular structure through functional groups. The classes of substances are related throughout chemical reactions, during which substances of given classes are transformed into substances of other classes, constituting a wide network. The classification of chemical substances can contribute to the intellectual development of Chemistry students, in order to study it, it becomes necessary to understand its theoretical foundation, as well as its characteristics of objectivity, completeness, simplicity and prediction. In this sense, one can contribute to the stimulation of perception, attention and abstraction t hat are typical of the chemical ways of thinking and communicating necessary for learning the chemical concepts linked to classification.

Extension and revision of the von Baeyer system for naming polycyclic compounds (including bicyclic compounds)

1999 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Polycyclic Compounds ◽  
Ring Systems ◽  
Bicyclic Compounds ◽  
Bicyclic System ◽  
Main Ring ◽  
Iupac Nomenclature ◽  
Main Bridge ◽  
Complex Cases

These recommendations document the von Baeyer system for naming polycyclic ring systems described in Rules A-31, A-32 and B-14 of the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Sections A, B, C, D, E, F and H, 1979 and R-2.4.2 of A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, 1993 and extend the system to cover more complex cases. It provides guidance on the naming of ring systems which previously the rules did not cover. The methods is to identify the main ring and main bridge which provide the basic bicyclic system and to number these atoms. Then all further bridges, whether or not they include additional atoms, are identified by indicating not only the number of atoms but also the two atoms to which the bridge is attached. The final name also indicated the number of rings and the total number of skeletal atoms in the ring systems. Heteroatoms, unsaturation and substituents are indicated in the usual way.

The Geologists At Prague: August 1968. History of the International Union of Geological Sciences

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil Schneer
Keyword(s):  
Field Trips ◽  
International Union ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Global Science ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Transformation ◽  
International Geological ◽  
International Geological Congress ◽  
Geological Sciences

In August, 1968 nearly 3000 geologists from 91 countries gathered in Prague for the XXIIIrd International Geological Congress. Geology was in a state of major transformation and the Congress was the opportunity for the nascent International Union of Geological Sciences to involve the world geological community. But a brutal invasion of Czechoslovakia by its Communist allies frustrated all plans. Over 500 papers, more than 50 field trips, dozens of colloquia, meetings of affiliated societies etc. were canceled. Thousands of geologists who might have disseminated a uniquely global science to the classrooms and boardrooms of 91 countries's, were scattered by the winds of war. In rump sessions within the dying Congress and immediately after, a handful of West bloc geologists, committed agents of the new developments, struggled to pick up the pieces. The IUGS had to wait four years for another plenary session with the world geological community.

3. The synthesis and analysis of organic compounds

2017 ◽  
pp. 25-49
Author(s):  
Graham Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Crystallography

The design of novel medicines, insecticides, perfumes, flavourings, or polymeric materials relies crucially on organic chemists. ‘The synthesis and analysis of organic compounds’ outlines how the synthesis of an organic compound is devised to ensure that each atom is in the correct position within the molecule. It explains retrosynthesis and how reactions are carried out and monitored using chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. Once a reaction has been carried out, it is necessary to isolate and purify the reaction product. The structure of the end product needs to be analysed by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Another important part of organic chemistry is understanding how reactions take place.

scholarly journals The practice-analytical approach in the process of study of organic chemistry

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Elena Viktorovna Khromtsova ◽  
Evgeniia Borisovna Chekmareva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Conceptual Base ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Extended Interpretation

The article presents the experience of using the practice-analytical approach in the process of study of organic chemistry at the University. The conceptual base for the restructuring of the course was the extended interpretation of A. M. Butlerov's postulates. The practical-analytical approach consists in changing the order of studying organic compounds: from properties – to structure, in contrast to the traditional approach: from structure – to properties. The purpose of the restructuring of the course is the formation of the necessary competencies for a limited number of hours in the discipline and in the presence of a huge volume of information. The role of organic compounds in the world around us is emphasized.

The Tempo and mode(S) of Prebiotic Evolution

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazcano
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractDifferent current ideas on the origin of life are critically examined. Comparison of the now fashionable FeS/H2S pyrite-based autotrophic theory of the origin of life with the heterotrophic viewpoint suggest that the later is still the most fertile explanation for the emergence of life. However, the theory of chemical evolution and heterotrophic origins of life requires major updating, which should include the abandonment of the idea that the appearance of life was a slow process involving billions of years. Stability of organic compounds and the genetics of bacteria suggest that the origin and early diversification of life took place in a time period of the order of 10 million years. Current evidence suggest that the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds may be a widespread phenomenon in the Galaxy and may have a deterministic nature. However, the history of the biosphere does not exhibits any obvious trend towards greater complexity or «higher» forms of life. Therefore, the role of contingency in biological evolution should not be understimated in the discussions of the possibilities of life in the Universe.

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