scholarly journals Two new forms of ordered soft separation axioms

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-26
Author(s):  
Tareq M. Al-shami ◽  
Mohammed E. El-Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Finite Product ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Separation Axioms ◽  
Hereditary Properties

AbstractThe goal of this work is to introduce and study two new types of ordered soft separation axioms, namely soft Ti-ordered and strong soft Ti-ordered spaces (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4). These two types are formulated with respect to the ordinary points and the distinction between them is attributed to the nature of the monotone neighborhoods. We provide several examples to elucidate the relationships among these concepts and to show the relationships associate them with their parametric topological ordered spaces and p-soft Ti-ordered spaces. Some open problems on the relationships between strong soft Ti-ordered and soft Ti-ordered spaces (i = 2, 3, 4) are posed. Also, we prove some significant results which associate both types of the introduced ordered axioms with some notions such as finite product soft spaces, soft topological and soft hereditary properties. Furthermore, we describe the shape of increasing (decreasing) soft closed and open subsets of soft regularly ordered spaces; and demonstrate that a condition of strong soft regularly ordered is sufficient for the equivalence between p-soft T1-ordered and strong soft T1-ordered spaces. Finally, we establish a number of findings that associate soft compactness with some ordered soft separation axioms initiated in this work.

scholarly journals Two Classes of Infrasoft Separation Axioms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tareq M. Al-shami ◽  
Jia-Bao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Product ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Soft Topology ◽  
Separation Axioms ◽  
Hereditary Properties

One of the considerable topics in the soft setting is the study of soft topology which has enticed the attention of many researchers. To contribute to this scope, we devote this work to investigate two classes of separation axioms with respect to the distinct ordinary elements through one of the generalizations of soft topology called infrasoft topology. We first formulate the concepts of infra- t p -soft T j using total belong and partial nonbelong relations and then introduce the concepts of infra- t t -soft T j -spaces using total belong and partial nonbelong relations. To illustrate the relationships between them, we provide some examples. We discuss their fundamental properties and study their behaviors under some special types of infrasoft topologies. An extensive discussion is given for the transmission of these two classes between infrasoft topology and its parametric infratopologies. In the end, we demonstrate which ones have topological and hereditary properties, and we show their behaviors under the finite product of soft spaces.

scholarly journals On Soft Separation Axioms and Their Applications on Decision-Making Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
T. M. Al-shami
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Topological Properties ◽  
Finite Product ◽  
Separation Axioms ◽  
Decision Making Problem ◽  
Weak Structure

In this work, we introduce new types of soft separation axioms called p t -soft α regular and p t -soft α T i -spaces i = 0,1,2,3,4 using partial belong and total nonbelong relations between ordinary points and soft α -open sets. These soft separation axioms enable us to initiate new families of soft spaces and then obtain new interesting properties. We provide several examples to elucidate the relationships between them as well as their relationships with e -soft T i , soft α T i , and t t -soft α T i -spaces. Also, we determine the conditions under which they are equivalent and link them with their counterparts on topological spaces. Furthermore, we prove that p t -soft α T i -spaces i = 0,1,2,3,4 are additive and topological properties and demonstrate that p t -soft α T i -spaces i = 0,1,2 are preserved under finite product of soft spaces. Finally, we discuss an application of optimal choices using the idea of p t -soft T i -spaces i = 0,1,2 on the content of soft weak structure. We provide an algorithm of this application with an example showing how this algorithm is carried out. In fact, this study represents the first investigation of real applications of soft separation axioms.

scholarly journals Functionally Separation Axioms on General Topology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abdelwaheb Mhemdi ◽  
Tareq M. Al-shami
Keyword(s):  
General Topology ◽  
Product Spaces ◽  
Transitive Relation ◽  
New Family ◽  
Separation Axioms ◽  
Hereditary Properties

In this paper, we define a new family of separation axioms in the classical topology called functionally T i spaces for i = 0,1,2 . With the assistant of illustrative examples, we reveal the relationships between them as well as their relationship with T i spaces for i = 0,1,2 . We demonstrate that functionally T i spaces are preserved under product spaces, and they are topological and hereditary properties. Moreover, we show that the class of each one of them represents a transitive relation and obtain some interesting results under some conditions such as discrete and Sierpinski spaces.

scholarly journals Partial soft separation axioms and soft compact spaces

Filomat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (13) ◽  
pp. 4755-4771 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. El-Shafei ◽  
M. Abo-Elhamayel ◽  
T.M. Al-Shami
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
General Topology ◽  
Regular Space ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Finite Product ◽  
Compact Spaces ◽  
Separation Axioms ◽  
Soft Topological Space

The main aim of the present paper is to define new soft separation axioms which lead us, first, to generalize existing comparable properties via general topology, second, to eliminate restrictions on the shape of soft open sets on soft regular spaces which given in [22], and third, to obtain a relationship between soft Hausdorff and new soft regular spaces similar to those exists via general topology. To this end, we define partial belong and total non belong relations, and investigate many properties related to these two relations. We then introduce new soft separation axioms, namely p-soft Ti-spaces (i = 0,1,2,3,4), depending on a total non belong relation, and study their features in detail. With the help of examples, we illustrate the relationships among these soft separation axioms and point out that p-soft Ti-spaces are stronger than soft Ti-spaces, for i = 0,1,4. Also, we define a p-soft regular space, which is weaker than a soft regular space and verify that a p-soft regular condition is sufficient for the equivalent among p-soft Ti-spaces, for i = 0,1,2. Furthermore, we prove the equivalent among finite p-soft Ti-spaces, for i = 1,2,3 and derive that a finite product of p-soft Ti-spaces is p-soft Ti, for i = 0,1,2,3,4. In the last section, we show the relationships which associate some p-soft Ti-spaces with soft compactness, and in particular, we conclude under what conditions a soft subset of a p-soft T2-space is soft compact and prove that every soft compact p-soft T2-space is soft T3-space. Finally, we illuminate that some findings obtained in general topology are not true concerning soft topological spaces which among of them a finite soft topological space need not be soft compact.

scholarly journals Solve Special Case of Some Guran Problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alghoussein ◽  
Ziad Kanaya ◽  
Salwa Yacoub
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Topological Groups ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Hereditary Properties ◽  
Special Case

<p>Throughout this paper, all topological groups are assumed to be topological differential manifolds and algebraically free, our aim in this paper is to prove the open problems number (7) and (8). Which are introduced by (Guran, I, 1998). In many cases of spaces and under a suitable conditions. therefore, we denote by <em>I(X)</em> and <em>I(Y)</em> to be a free topological groups over a topological spaces <em>X</em> and <em>Y</em> respectively where <em>X</em> and <em>Y</em> are assumed to be a non- empty sub manifolds Which are also a closed sub sets, and <em>P</em> is a classes of topological spaces, as a regular, normal, Tychonoff, lindelöf, separable connected, compact and Zero- dimensional space, and we have tried to use a hereditary properties and others of these spaces, so we can prove the open problems in these cases and we have many results showed in this paper.</p>

scholarly journals Two types of separation axioms on supra soft topological spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tareq M. Al-shami ◽  
Mohammed E. El-Shafei
Keyword(s):  
General Class ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Finite Product ◽  
Soft Sets ◽  
Separation Axioms ◽  
Continuous Mappings ◽  
The Difference

AbstractIn 2011, Shabir and Naz [1] employed the notion of soft sets to introduce the concept of soft topologies; and in 2014, El-Sheikh and Abd El-Latif [2] relaxed the conditions of soft topologies to construct a wider and more general class, namely supra soft topologies. In this disquisition, we continue studying supra soft topologies by presenting two kinds of supra soft separation axioms, namely supra soft Ti-spaces and supra p-soft Ti-spaces for i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. These two types are formulated with respect to the ordinary points; and the difference between them is attributed to the applied non belong relations in their definitions.We investigate the relationships between them and their parametric supra topologies; and we provide many examples to separately elucidate the relationships among spaces of each type. Then we elaborate that supra p-soft Ti-spaces are finer than supra soft Ti-spaces in the case of i = 0, 1, 4; and we demonstrate that supra soft T3-spaces are finer than supra p-soft T3-spaces.We point out that supra p-soft Ti-axioms imply supra p-soft Ti−1, however, this characterization does not hold for supra soft Ti-axioms (see, Remark (3.30)). Also, we give a complete description of the concepts of supra p-soft Ti-spaces (i = 1, 2) and supra p-soft regular spaces. Moreover,we define the finite product of supra soft spaces and manifest that the finite product of supra soft Ti (supra p-soft Ti) is supra soft Ti (supra p-soft Ti) for i = 0, 1, 2, 3. After investigating some properties of these axioms in relation with some of the supra soft topological notions such as supra soft subspaces and enriched supra soft topologies, we explore the images of these axioms under soft S*-continuous mappings. Ultimately, we provide an illustrative diagram to show the interrelations between the initiated supra soft spaces.

scholarly journals Solve Special Case of Some Guran Problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alghoussein ◽  
Ziad Kanaya ◽  
Salwa Yacoub
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Topological Groups ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Hereditary Properties ◽  
Special Case

<p>Throughout this paper, all topological groups are assumed to be topological differential manifolds and algebraically free, our aim in this paper is to prove the open problems number (7) and (8). Which are introduced by (Guran, I, 1998). In many cases of spaces and under a suitable conditions. therefore, we denote by <em>I(X)</em> and <em>I(Y)</em> to be a free topological groups over a topological spaces <em>X</em> and <em>Y</em> respectively where <em>X</em> and <em>Y</em> are assumed to be a non- empty sub manifolds Which are also a closed sub sets, and <em>P</em> is a classes of topological spaces, as a regular, normal, Tychonoff, lindelöf, separable connected, compact and Zero- dimensional space, and we have tried to use a hereditary properties and others of these spaces, so we can prove the open problems in these cases and we have many results showed in this paper.</p>

scholarly journals Hereditary properties of semi-separation axioms and their applications

Filomat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (13) ◽  
pp. 4689-4700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Eon Han
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Infinite Product ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Hereditary Property ◽  
Separation Axiom ◽  
Product Property ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Separation Axioms ◽  
Hereditary Properties

The paper studies the open-hereditary property of semi-separation axioms and applies it to the study of digital topological spaces such as an n-dimensional Khalimsky topological space, a Marcus-Wyse topological space and so on. More precisely, we study various properties of digital topological spaces related to low-level and semi-separation axioms such as T1/2 , semi-T1/2 , semi-T1, semi-T2, etc. Besides, using the finite or the infinite product property of the semi-Ti-separation axiom, i ? {1,2}, we prove that the n-dimensional Khalimsky topological space is a semi-T2-space. After showing that not every subspace of the digital topological spaces satisfies the semi-Ti-separation axiom, i ?{1,2}, we prove that the semi-Tiseparation property is open-hereditary, i ? {1,2}. All spaces in the paper are assumed to be nonempty and connected.

Topics in Quaternion Linear Algebra

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiba Rodman
Keyword(s):  
Linear Algebra ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Number System ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Unpublished Research ◽  
Reference Tool

Quaternions are a number system that has become increasingly useful for representing the rotations of objects in three-dimensional space and has important applications in theoretical and applied mathematics, physics, computer science, and engineering. This is the first book to provide a systematic, accessible, and self-contained exposition of quaternion linear algebra. It features previously unpublished research results with complete proofs and many open problems at various levels, as well as more than 200 exercises to facilitate use by students and instructors. Applications presented in the book include numerical ranges, invariant semidefinite subspaces, differential equations with symmetries, and matrix equations. Designed for researchers and students across a variety of disciplines, the book can be read by anyone with a background in linear algebra, rudimentary complex analysis, and some multivariable calculus. Instructors will find it useful as a complementary text for undergraduate linear algebra courses or as a basis for a graduate course in linear algebra. The open problems can serve as research projects for undergraduates, topics for graduate students, or problems to be tackled by professional research mathematicians. The book is also an invaluable reference tool for researchers in fields where techniques based on quaternion analysis are used.

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