scholarly journals The prepulse inhibition deficit appearance is largely independent on the circadian cycle, body weight, and the gender of vasopressin deficient Brattleboro rat

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Fodor ◽  
B Klausz ◽  
B Toth ◽  
D Zelena
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Brattleboro Rat ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Noise Type ◽  
Test Parameters

AbstractObjective. A disturbance of sensorimotor gating measured by prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (PPI) is one of the best tests of the schizophrenia-like behavior. Vasopressin was implicated in the development of schizophrenia; therefore, the naturally occurring vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat has been suggested to be a reliable non-pharmacological animal model. However, previous studies focusing on PPI deficit did not use proper control and despite clear gender differences in the development of the disorder, the effect of gender has been mostly neglected.Methods. First, we compared the „noise” and „tone” type prepulse at 73-77-81 dB intensity during the light or dark phase using small (~150 g) or big (~500 g) Wistar rats. The test parameters were validated by a pharmacological schizophrenia model (30 mg/kg ketamine i.p.). Than male, female, and lactating vasopressin-deficient animals were compared with +/+ ones.Results. We established that the prepulse “noise” type is not optimal for PPI testing. The cycle of the day as well as the body weight had no effect on PPI. Even if we compared vasopressin-deficient animals with their closely related +/+ controls, the PPI deficiency was visible with more pronounced effect at 77 dB prepulse intensity similarly to pharmacological schizophrenia model. Despite our expectation, the gender as well as lactation had no effect on the vasopressin-deficiency induced PPI deficit.Conclusions. The present data confirmed and extended our previous studies that vasopressin-deficient rat is a good model of schizophrenia. It seems that female as well as lactating Brattleboro rats are useful tools for testing putative novel antipsychotics in line with special attention required for schizophrenic women.

scholarly journals  Life-Course Contribution of Prenatal Stress in Regulating the Neural Modulation Network Underlying the Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle Reflex in Male Alzheimer’s Disease Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Jafari ◽  
Bryan E Kolb ◽  
Majid H Mohajerani
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Acoustic Startle Reflex ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Brain Areas

Abstract The prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR), as an index of sensorimotor gating, is one of the most extensively used paradigms in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders. Few studies have examined how prenatal stress (PS) regulates the sensorimotor gating during the lifespan and how PS modifies the development of amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology in brain areas underlying the PPI formation. We followed alternations in corticosterone levels, learning and memory, and the PPI of the ASR measures in APPNL-G-F/NL-G-F offspring of dams exposed to gestational noise stress. In-depth quantifications of the Aβ plaque accumulation were also performed at 6 months. The results indicated an age-dependent deterioration of sensorimotor gating, long-lasting PS-induced abnormalities in PPI magnitudes, as well as deficits in spatial memory. The PS also resulted in a higher Aβ aggregation predominantly in brain areas associated with the PPI modulation network. The findings suggest the contribution of a PS-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity in regulating the PPI modulation substrates leading to the abnormal development of the neural protection system in response to disruptive stimuli. The long-lasting HPA axis dysregulation appears to be the major underlying mechanism in precipitating the Aβ deposition, especially in brain areas contributed to the PPI modulation network.

Personality Correlates of Prepulse Inhibition of the Startle Reflex at Three Lead Intervals

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Corr ◽  
Allison Tynan ◽  
Veena Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Incentive Motivation ◽  
Acoustic Startle Reflex ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Psychometric Measures

Abstract The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is modulated by a number of experimental factors, the most important of which in the field of psychopathology is weak prestimulation: The ASR is reliably reduced if preceded briefly by a weaker stimulus (i. e., the prepulse), an effect known as prepulse inhibition (PPI). PPI is thought to reflect centrally-mediated sensorimotor gating of stimuli, preventing cognitive overload and behavioural confusion. PPI is impaired in a variety of psychiatric disorders, notably schizophrenia, as well as in individuals who score high on psychometric measures of psychosis proneness. Two experiments examined the association of personality (trait emotionality) and PPI at three prepulse-to-pulse intervals (30, 60 and 120 ms). Consistent with previous reports, findings from both experiments showed highly significant PPI (defined as percentage reduction in the amplitude of the ASR), which increased with prepulse-to-pulse interval (30 < 60 < 120 ms). A novel finding was that, in both experiments 1 (N = 36) and 2 (N = 63), the trait of neuroticism was negatively correlated with PPI; in addition, a measure of positive incentive motivation (i. e., Behavioural Activation System, Drive subscale; BAS-Drive) was also negatively correlated with PPI. These trait emotionality associations were independent of gender. Possible causal explanations of these personality associations are outlined. It is concluded that, in order to clarify the aetiological role of sensorimotor gating in psychopathological conditions (e. g., schizophrenia, often entailing emotional activation), trait emotionality variance should be routinely examined in future PPI studies.

scholarly journals Clerodendrum inermeLeaf Extract Alleviates Animal Behaviors, Hyperlocomotion, and Prepulse Inhibition Disruptions, Mimicking Tourette Syndrome and Schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hon-Lie Chen ◽  
Hsin-Jung Lee ◽  
Wei-Jan Huang ◽  
Jui-Feng Chou ◽  
Pi-Chuan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Animal Behaviors

Previously, we found a patient with intractable motor tic disorder, a spectrum of Tourette syndrome (TS), responsive to the ground leaf juice ofClerodendrum inerme(CI). Here, we examined the effect of the ethanol extract ofCIleaves (CIextract) on animal behaviors mimicking TS, hyperlocomotion, and sensorimotor gating deficit. The latter is also observed in schizophrenic patients and can be reflected by a disruption of prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response (PPI) in animal models induced by methamphetamine and NMDA channel blockers (ketamine or MK-801), based on hyperdopaminergic and hypoglutamatergic hypotheses, respectively.CIextract (10–300 mg/kg,i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited hyperlocomotion induced by methamphetamine (2 mg/kg,i.p.) and PPI disruptions induced by methamphetamine, ketamine (30 mg/kg,i.p.), and MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg,i.p.) but did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity, rotarod performance, and grip force. These results suggest thatCIextract can relieve hyperlocomotion and improve sensorimotor gating deficit, supporting the therapeutic potential ofCIfor TS and schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Prepulse Inhibition of the Auditory Startle Reflex Assessment as a Hallmark of Brainstem Sensorimotor Gating Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gómez-Nieto ◽  
Sebastian Hormigo ◽  
Dolores E. López
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Acoustic Startle Reflex ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Gating Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Marker

When a low-salience stimulus of any type of sensory modality&mdash;auditory, visual, tactile&mdash;shortly precedes an unexpected startle-like stimulus, such as the acoustic startle reflex, the startle motor reaction becomes less pronounced or is even abolished. This phenomenon is known as prepulse inhibition (PPI), and it provides operational measures of information processing by filtering out irrelevant stimuli. Because PPI implies plasticity of a reflex and is related to automatic or attentional processes, depending on the interstimulus intervals, this behavioral paradigm might be considered a potential marker of short- and long-term plasticity. Assessment of PPI is directly related to the examination of neural sensorimotor gating mechanisms, which are plastic adaptive operations for preventing overstimulation and help the brain focus on a specific stimulus among other distracters. Despite their obvious importance in normal brain activity, little is known about the intimate physiology, circuitry, and neurochemistry of sensorimotor gating mechanisms. In this work, we extensively review the current literature focusing on studies that used state-of-the-art techniques to interrogate the neuroanatomy, connectomics, neurotransmitter-receptor functions, and sex-derived differences in the PPI process, and how we can harness it as biological marker in neurological and psychiatric pathology.

Cannabidiol effects on prepulse inhibition in nonhuman primates

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Saletti ◽  
Carlos Tomaz
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Acoustic Startle Reflex ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Neurologic Disorders

AbstractPrepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex is a well-established behavior paradigm to measure sensorimotor gating deficits. PPI is disrupted in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. PPI tests can be used to screen new drugs for treatment of such disorders. In this review, we discuss how PPI paradigm can help in screening the therapeutic effects of cannabidiol (CBD). We look into recent literature about CBD effects on PPI response in animal models, especially in nonhuman primates. CBD has been shown to modify PPI inN-methyld-aspartate receptor antagonist models for schizophrenia, both in rodents and in nonhuman primates. These results show CBD as a potential drug for the treatment of neurologic disorders that present alterations in sensorimotor system, such as schizophrenia. Moreover, the PPI paradigm seems to be a useful and relative simple paradigm to test the efficacy of CBD as a potential therapeutic drug.

Nitric oxide modulates dopaminergic regulation of prepulse inhibition in the basolateral amygdala

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1639-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Salum ◽  
AC Issy ◽  
ML Brandão ◽  
FS Guimarães ◽  
EA Del Bel
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Sound Pulse ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Local Inhibition

Systemic injection of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (LNO) prevents the disruptive effect of amphetamine (Amph) on prepulse inhibition (PPI), a sensorimotor gating model in which the amplitude of the acoustic startle response (ASR) to a startling sound (pulse) is reduced when preceded immediately by a weaker stimulus (prepulse). Given that dopamine (DA) projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are involved in the control of information processing, our aim was to investigate if intra-BLA administration of LNO would modify the disruption caused by the DA agonists, Amph, apomorphine (Apo) and quinpirole (QNP), on PPI. Male Wistar rats received bilateral intra-BLA microinjections (0.2 µL/min/side) of combined treatments (saline or LNO 11 µg followed by saline, QNP 3 µg, Apo 10 µg or Amph 30 µg). PPI was disrupted by intra-BLA Apo, QNP or Amph but not by LNO. Prior bilateral intra-BLA injection of LNO prevented the Apo- and QNP-induced disruption of PPI but did not affect that caused by Amph. APO- or QNP-induced increases in ASR to prepulse + pulse were also restored by LNO. Since local inhibition of NO formation affected the effects of direct, but not indirect, DA agonists, the results suggest that this modulation is not occurring at the level of DA release but may involve complex interactions with other neurotransmitter systems.

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