Speaking Chinese: A major Challenge in the Construction of Identity and the Preservation of the Peruvian Chinese Community (1870–1930)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Lausent-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Chinese Language Education ◽  
Indentured Labor ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Community Associations ◽  
Mixed Blood ◽  
Chinese School

Abstract The arrival of around 100,000 Chinese male workers, in Peru between 1849 and 1874 as indentured labor created particularly difficult conditions for the emergence and development of a Chinese community. Arriving without women, the majority of the Chinese founded families in Peru. To conserve a blood link with their Chinese identity, many sought to marry young mixed blood Chinese-Peruvian girls. However, to make up a Chinese community, a Chinese education was considered essential for the transmission and preservation of cultural values and language. There were several attempts to create a Chinese school for the children of the Emperor’s subjects, first by the church in 1882 and later by Chinese officials as early as 1885, following the model of San Francisco and Havana. This article examines the historical development between 1870 and 1930 of the efforts the Chinese community in Peru made in setting up Chinese language education and community associations and the institutions that supported the development.

scholarly journals ‘I Was Surprised to See You in a Chinese School’: Researching Multilingually Opportunities and Challenges in Community-Based Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ganassin ◽  
Prue Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Language Education ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Ethical Choices ◽  
Chinese School ◽  
Multilingual Research

Abstract Researchers working in multilingual contexts must draw on their own linguistic resources when conceptualizing, planning, conducting, and reporting their studies, whether for theses or publications, or in dissemination to other stakeholders. However, these multilingual processes have received little attention in previous research. Drawing on an ethnographic study undertaken by Sara Ganassin in Chinese community language education, we investigate what opportunities and challenges a ‘researching multilingually’ perspective offers the researcher. We analyse narrative data and ethnographic observations to illustrate how the researcher drew on her multilingual resources vis-a-vis the linguistic spaces of her research context, the reflexive aspects of her multilingual positionality, and the ethical choices faced by her. From these insights, we make a theoretical and methodological case for embedding a researching multilingually approach in research that recognizes the linguistic resources of the researcher. The study has implications for building researcher capacity in multilingual research contexts, and for highlighting multilingual researcher processes that improve understanding, reporting, and representation of people from diverse linguistic and cultural horizons.

scholarly journals Resilience from coastal protection

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2053) ◽  
pp. 20140383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley C. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Coastal Community ◽  
Effective Community ◽  
Key Aspects

Coastal areas are important residential, commercial and industrial areas; but coastal hazards can pose significant threats to these areas. Shoreline/coastal protection elements, both built structures such as breakwaters, seawalls and revetments, as well as natural features such as beaches, reefs and wetlands, are regular features of a coastal community and are important for community safety and development. These protection structures provide a range of resilience to coastal communities. During and after disasters, they help to minimize damages and support recovery; during non-disaster times, the values from shoreline elements shift from the narrow focus on protection. Most coastal communities have limited land and resources and few can dedicate scarce resources solely for protection. Values from shore protection can and should expand to include environmental, economic and social/cultural values. This paper discusses the key aspects of shoreline protection that influence effective community resilience and protection from disasters. This paper also presents ways that the economic, environmental and social/cultural values of shore protection can be evaluated and quantified. It presents the Coastal Community Hazard Protection Resilience (CCHPR) Index for evaluating the resilience capacity to coastal communities from various protection schemes and demonstrates the use of this Index for an urban beach in San Francisco, CA, USA.

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