scholarly journals Case Report. Internal transcribed spacer sequence based molecular confirmation and drug efficacy assessment against Toxascaris leonina (Linstow, 1909) infection in Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica)

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
A. D. Moudgil ◽  
L. D. Singla ◽  
M. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Efficacy Assessment ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ◽  
Zoological Park ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Summary The eggs recovered during faecal screening of Asiatic lions (kept at MC Zoological Park, Punjab, India) were delineated as Toxascaris leonina eggs based on morphometric and molecular studies (polymerase chain reaction targeting internal transcribed spacer sequences). Therapeutic management with fenbendazole @10 mg/kg body weight, once daily orally for three consecutive days proved ineffective with maximum faecal egg count reduction (FECR) on day 3 post treatments (69.35 %). But, therapeutic intervention with extended period dose schedule (5 consecutive days) with fenbendazole (@10 mg/kg body weight) proved effective and showed a maximum FECR of 95.34 % at day 7 post treatments. But, when ivermectin (@100μg/kg body weight) was given orally on three alternate days, proved effective as FECR of 95.74 % was recorded at day 7 post treatments. Thus, present study highlights the molecular confi rmation of T. leonina and its management using fenbendazole and ivermectin in Asiatic lions.

Internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA resolving complex taxonomic history in the genus Vicia L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrouz Shiran ◽  
Soghra Kiani ◽  
Deepmala Sehgal ◽  
Akram Hafizi ◽  
Tanvir ul-Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

scholarly journals Protax -fungi: a web-based tool for probabilistic taxonomic placement of fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kessy Abarenkov ◽  
Panu Somervuo ◽  
R. Henrik Nilsson ◽  
Paul M. Kirk ◽  
Tea Huotari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

DRUG TESTING IN CHILDREN: FDA REGULATIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-465
Author(s):  
Sumner J. Yaffe ◽  
Mary Ellen Avery ◽  
Arnold P. Gold ◽  
Frederick M. Kenny ◽  
Harris D. Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Sick Child ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood Disorders ◽  
Genital Development ◽  
Enzymatic Mechanisms ◽  
Prescribing Medication

The testillg of drugs for use ill cilildren is difficult to accomplish, and it is even difficult to write about. Anything that smacks of "experimentation" on a child or even the use of a placebo given to a sick child is an emotionally charged subject. To carry out procedures that cannot be considered as essential to therapy, especially when they are painful or tiresome, seems abhorrent. However, it is recognized that the effects of many drugs on children may vary considerably from the effects on adults even when careful calculation is made to arrive at a dosage proportional to the body weight or estimated body surface area. Pharmacologically, children cannot be regarded as little adults. Intensified, or toxic effects of drugs administered to children, especially infants, may reflect immaturity in enzymatic mechanisms for drug metabolism, as well as other detoxification and excretory functions. In view of these circumstances, there is need for special caution in prescribing medication in the treatment of childhood disorders, particularly when the medication is used for an extended period of time or when a newly marketed drug is employed. Even greater caution is needed with the use of a new drug under investigation, in advance of approval for marketing. Known serious adverse effects of drugs in children include the effects of sex hormones on growth, steroids on genital development, and antibiotics on tooth enamel. According to the regulations of the Food and Drug Administration, a drug which has not been subjected to investigation in children may not be labeled for use in pediatric therapy.

Phase II Study of Phenylacetate in Patients With Recurrent Malignant Glioma: A North American Brain Tumor Consortium Report

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 984-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Chang ◽  
John G. Kuhn ◽  
H. Ian Robins ◽  
S. Clifford Schold ◽  
Alexander M. Spence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Recurrent Malignant Glioma ◽  
Time To Treatment ◽  
Time To Treatment Failure ◽  
Ideal Body

PURPOSE: To determine the response rate, time to treatment failure, and toxicity of phenylacetate in patients with recurrent malignant glioma and to identify plasma concentrations achieved during repeated continuous infusion of this agent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adult patients with recurrent malignant glioma were treated with phenylacetate. The schedule consisted of a 2-week continuous, intravenous infusion followed by a 2-week rest period (14 days on, 14 days off). A starting dose of 400 mg/kg total body weight per day of phenylacetate was initially used and subsequently changed to 400 mg/kg/d based on ideal body weight. Intrapatient dose escalations were allowed to a maximum of 450 mg/kg ideal body weight/d. Tumor response was assessed every 8 weeks. The National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria were used to assess toxicity. Plasma concentrations achieved during the patients' first two 14-day infusions were assessed. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were enrolled between December 1994 and December 1996. Of these, 40 patients were assessable for toxicity and response to therapy. Reversible symptoms of fatigue and somnolence were the primary toxicities, with only mild hematologic toxicity. Thirty (75%) of the 40 patients failed treatment within 2 months, seven (17.5%) had stable disease, and three (7.5%) had a response defined as more than 50% reduction in the tumor. Median time to treatment failure was 2 months. Thirty-five patients have died, with a median survival of 8 months. Pharmacokinetic data for this dose schedule showed no difference in the mean plasma concentrations of phenylacetate between weeks 1 and 2 or between weeks 5 and 6. CONCLUSION: Phenylacetate has little activity at this dose schedule in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Further studies with this drug would necessitate an evaluation of a different dose schedule.

Acrocordiella omanensis sp. nov. (Requienellaceae, Xylariales) from the Sultanate of Oman

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 338 (3) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
SAJEEWA S. N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
REKHANI H. PERERA ◽  
ABDULLAH M. AL-SADI
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Al Jabal Al Akhdar ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

Acrocordiella omanensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from specimens on dead stem of Juniper sp. collected in Al Jabal al-Akhdar (Green Mountain), Sultanate of Oman. It strongly resembles Acrocordiella occulta, the type of the genus, in its similar asci and ascospore anatomy. It differs from A. occulta in having bell-shaped to cap-like clypeus around the ostiole and larger asci and ascospores. The combined large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer sequences support the conclusions based on the morphological data.

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