Influence of Growth Rate and Cambial Age on Density of Rauli (Nothofagus nervosa) in Relation to Vessel Lumen Areas and Numbers

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Denne ◽  
C. M. Cahalan ◽  
D. P. Aebischer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Nothofagus Nervosa

Summary To assess the likely effects of silvicultural treatment on the wood quality of Nothofagus nervosa grown in the UK, and the possibilities of independent selection within seed origins for density and growth rate, ring width and wood density were analysed from pith to bark of 19 trees. Variations in vessel lumen size, vessel number mm−2, and total lumen area mm−2 were analysed in ten trees. Since density increased by only 0.005g cm−3 per mm increase in ring width, silvicultural practices such as initial spacing and thinning are not likely to have a substantial effect on the wood density of rauli. Similarly, variation in density with cambial age was significant but relatively minor in the 40- and 60-year old trees of the present sample, suggesting that the rotation length is unlikely to have any practical influence on the density of rauli. Considerable between-tree differences in density were found which did not correspond to differences in ring width, suggesting it should be feasible to select independently for density and growth rate. These differences in density were associated with differences in both vessel lumen size and vessel number mm−2

Intratree and intertree variation in selected wood quality characteristics of European oak (Quercuspetraea and Quercusrobur)

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Zhang ◽  
G. Nepveu ◽  
R. Eyono Owoundi
Keyword(s):  
Total Variation ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
European Oak ◽  
Intratree Variation

Twenty-three trees of European oak (Quercuspetraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercusrobur L.) were collected from northeastern France to study intratree and intertree variation in the following characteristics: (i) wood density as well as earlywood density and latewood density; (ii) various types of wood shrinkage; and (iii) ring width and its components. Both intratree variation and intertree variation in the three characteristics are significant, but intertree variation is generally smaller. However, the relative magnitude of intertree variation varies with characteristic: intertree variation accounts for about 40% of the total variation in radial, tangential, and volumetric wood shrinkage, 32.5% of the total variation in ring width, and 12.6% of the total variation in wood density. Furthermore, the intertree variation is closely and positively related to the intratree variation: among the three characteristics studied, both intertree variation and intratree variation were highest for ring width and its components, and lowest for wood density and its components. In addition, intratree variation increased remarkably with increasing tree age in these species. In general, intratree variation in wood density and wood shrinkage depends more on cambial age than on ring width. The present study, together with the information available so far, suggests that the quality of European oak wood could be significantly improved.

scholarly journals Wood density and tracheid length of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) grafts in relation to cambium age and growth rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Foti Dafni ◽  
Passialis Costas ◽  
Voulgaridis Elias ◽  
Skaltsoyiannes Apostolos ◽  
Tsaktsira Maria
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
The Relationship

Wood density, tracheid length and growth rate were measured in Aleppo pine scions, 21–23 years old, and in Brutia pine rootstocks. In regard to the relationship between cambial age and dry density the results showed that the density increased with cambial age in both scions and rootstocks while the differences between Aleppo pine and Brutia pine were small. The relationship between cambial age and tracheid length showed an increase of tracheid length with cambial age. Differences between scions and rootstocks were small. From the last relationship it can be extracted that juvenile wood is produced in both scions and rootstocks although the Aleppo pine branches which were used for grafting were genetically matured. Between ring width and dry density and between ring width and tracheid length no statistical correlations were found either in scions or in rootstocks. The tracheid length in mature wood was higher than in juvenile wood. An increase of tracheid length with ring width was observed only in the case of juvenile wood.

Wood density of western hemlock: effect of ring width

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. DeBell ◽  
John C. Tappeiner II ◽  
Robert L. Krahmer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Earlywood Width ◽  
Average Wood

Wood density of western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) was determined by X-ray densitometry of strips from breast-height samples consisting of rings 20–24 from the pith. Ring parameters were averaged over the 5 years for each strip. Wood density was negatively correlated with radial growth rate. Average wood density dropped from 0.47 to 0.37 g/cm3 as average ring width increased from 2 to 8 mm. Wood density decreased at higher growth rates primarily because earlywood width increased while latewood width remained the same; as a result, percentage of latewood decreased. Earlywood density decreased slightly at higher growth rates, but latewood density was not significantly related to growth rate.

scholarly journals Influence of cambial age and climate on ring width and wood density in Pinus radiata families

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Ivković ◽  
Washington Gapare ◽  
Harry Wu ◽  
Sergio Espinoza ◽  
Philippe Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Cambial Age

Effect of ring width, cambial age, and climatic variables on the within-ring wood density profile of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst.

Trees ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Franceschini ◽  
Fleur Longuetaud ◽  
Jean-Daniel Bontemps ◽  
Olivier Bouriaud ◽  
Benoît-Damien Caritey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Cambial Age

Age trend of heritability, genetic correlation, and efficiency of early selection for wood quality traits in Scots pine

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Hong ◽  
Anders Fries ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Selection For

To examine the efficiency of early selection for wood quality traits in the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) breeding program in Sweden, a total of 778 wood increment cores were sampled from 179 full-sib families in a single progeny trial at 40 years of age. Age trend of inheritance, age–age genetic correlation, and early selection efficiency for eight wood traits including annual ring width, wood density, microfibril angle (MFA), modulus of elasticity (i.e., wood stiffness; MOE), and fibre dimensions were studied. Heritabilities for the eight wood traits reached a plateau between age 5 years and age 15 years, with the highest heritability for radial fibre width and fibre coarseness (∼0.6) and the lowest heritability for ring width (∼0.2). Heritability reached about 0.4 for both wood density and MFA but only reached about 0.3 for MOE. Genetic correlation from early to reference age 30 years reached a very high level (>0.8) for all eight wood traits at age 5 years. Early selection was effective for wood quality traits in Scots pine, and selection at age 8 years is recommended for MOE in Scots pine.

Growth rate effects on correlations among ring width, wood density, and mean tracheid length in Norway spruce (Picea abies)

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Dutilleul ◽  
Marc Herman ◽  
Tomas Avella-Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Tree Approach

The main hypothesis tested in this paper is whether heavy thinnings affect the correlations among ring width, wood density, and mean tracheid length. Within-tree correlations were calculated between time series of yearly measurements. Among-tree correlations were computed (1) between averages over a growing period and (2) year by year. Correlations were analyzed on 20 fast-grown and 20 slow-grown Norway spruces (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) from an even-aged, plantation-grown stand near Rendeux, Belgian Ardennes. In the within-tree approach, fast-grown spruces showed a stronger negative correlation between ring width and fiber length. In among-tree approach 1, the widely held negative correlation between ring width and wood density vanished when the spruce growth rate was above 2.2 cm/year in circumference. Among-tree approach 2 demonstrated that the magnitude and sign of the correlations also depended on the year; a few years showed a significant correlation between ring width and wood density for the fast-grown Norway spruces, whereas the correlation was systematically negative and significant on many years for the slow-grown spruces. This study may explain part of the contradictory results reported in the literature concerning hypotheses similar to ours.

scholarly journals Age trends in genetic parameters of wood density components in 46 half-sibling families of Pinus pinaster

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1470-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João Gaspar ◽  
José Luís Louzada ◽  
Maria Emília Silva ◽  
Alexandre Aguiar ◽  
Maria Helena Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Ring Number ◽  
Latewood Density

This study contributes to the Pinus pinaster Ait. breeding programme, which is reaching the third generation by adding information on wood quality of 46 open-pollinated families from a progeny trial located in Leiria, Portugal, that originated from seed collected in a clonal seed orchard. A total of 552 seventeen-year-old trees were sampled at 2 m height. Trends were studied from the pith outward in variance components and narrow-sense heritability (h2) of wood density components and ring-width characteristics as well as genetic correlations between cambial ages. Mean ring density (RD), minimum density (MND), maximum density (MXD), earlywood density (EWD), latewood density (LWD), earlywood width, latewood width, ring width, latewood percentage, and heterogeneity index were determined using X-ray densitometry procedures. RD had higher genetic control (h2 = 0.63), and heritability values of earlywood components (h2MND = 0.54, h2EWD = 0.60) exceeded those of latewood components (h2MXD = 0.34, h2LWD = 0.26). Heritabilities increased with ring number from pith for almost all wood density components, and there were high age–age genetic correlations for wood density traits (rg > 0.98).

Effects of timing and intensity of thinning on wood structure and chemistry in Norway spruce

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Jyske ◽  
Seija Kaakinen ◽  
Urban Nilsson ◽  
Pekka Saranpää ◽  
Elina Vapaavuori
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Wood Chemistry ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Thinning Operations ◽  
Treatment Onset

AbstractThe effects of thinning intensity on wood structure and chemistry of Norway spruce [Picea abies(L.) Karst.] have been studied in a long-term thinning experiment established in the 1960s in south-western Sweden. The experiment comprised datasets of unthinned control trees and trees of four thinning treatments, in which thinning operations of different intensities were carried out. These thinning operations were applied either once, three, or five times over the course of the stand rotation. Thinning intensities varied from 0% to 60% based on the stand basal area (BA) before thinning: (A) 5×20% (i.e., 20% of the BA removed five times); (B) 3×40% (i.e., 40% of the BA removed three times); (C) 1×60% (i.e., 60% of the BA removed once); and (D) 5×40% (i.e., 40% of the BA removed five times). Altogether 60 trees that were 67 years old were sampled 38 years after the treatment onset. Radial growth rate, wood density, tracheid properties, and the chemical composition of wood were studied in detail. All four thinning treatments increased growth rate and decreased wood density; however, treatment D showed the greatest change. Single, heavy thinning in treatment C resulted in unfavourable intra-stem variation in ring width and wood density. No significant differences in tracheid properties and wood chemistry were found between the treatments. We conclude that only a remarkable increase in growth rate would induce detrimental changes in tracheid properties and wood chemistry in the context of thinning.

Wood density of young-growth western hemlock: relation to ring age, radial growth, stand density, and site quality

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2433-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean S DeBell ◽  
Ryan Singleton ◽  
Barbara L Gartner ◽  
David D Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Young Growth

Breast-high stem sections were sampled from 56 western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees growing in 15 plots representing a wide range of tree and site conditions in northwestern Oregon. Growth and wood density traits of individual rings were measured via X-ray densitometry, and relationships of ring density and its components to age and growth rate were analyzed. Ring density was highest (0.49 g/cm3) near the pith, declined to 0.40 g/cm3 at age 10, remained stable to about age 25, and then increased gradually and remained between 0.43 and 0.44 g/cm3 from age 38 to 45 and beyond. A negative influence of rapid growth on whole ring density was greatest at young ages and diminished with time, becoming nonsignificant beyond age 30. Earlywood density, latewood density, and latewood proportion were all negatively related to ring width at young ages, but by age 21-25, latewood proportion was the only component of ring density that remained significantly diminished by increased growth rate. Residual differences in wood density (after age and growth rate were considered) did not appear to be related to either stand density or site class. Overall, young-growth hemlock trees are relatively uniform in wood density and likely to be more so if grown in intensively managed stands.

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