Components of Steamed and Non-Steamed Japanese Larch (Larix leptolepis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Gord.) Heartwood Affecting the Feeding Behavior of the Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakako Ohmura ◽  
Shuichi Doi ◽  
Masakazu Aoyama ◽  
Seiji Ohara
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Larix Leptolepis ◽  
Feeding Deterrence ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
Larch Wood

Summary The attraction of steamed Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Gord.) heartwood to the subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki was investigated. Hot-water extracts of the steamed and the non-steamed larch woods were sequentially extracted with n-hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. Furthermore, the residual water-soluble fraction of the steamed wood was fractionated by column chromatography using an Amberlite XAD-2 resin. Feeding-preference and feeding-deterrence of the termite were assessed in the two-choice feeding tests using paper discs permeated with each fraction. The diethyl ether extracts of the non-steamed larch wood showed the feeding-deterrence activity. Taxifolin, the main component of these extracts, was found to be the major feeding-deterrence constituent. In the case of the steamed larch wood, taxifolin was not detected in any fractions, and the residual water-soluble fraction showed the feeding-preference activity. Furthermore, it was found that the feeding-preference constituents were contained in the coloring substances adsorbed by the Amberlite XAD-2 resin. From these results, the degradation of taxifolin and the formation of coloring substances during the steam treatment were to be considered as important factors of the attraction of steamed larch wood to the termite.

Terpene-lnduced Morphological Changes to Exoskeleton of Formosan Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): Toxic Effects of cis-nerol

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Betty C. R. Zhu ◽  
Gregg Henderson ◽  
Huixin Fei ◽  
Xiao Ying ◽  
Roger A. Laine
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki ◽  
Scanning Electron

The terpenoid, cis-nerol was found to be highly toxic to the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Morphological abnormalities were observed in the exoskeleton including the spiracles and trichoid sensilla using scanning electron microscopy after exposure of termites to cis-nerol for 2 h. Proteins were found in a water-soluble fraction collected from the whole termite body exposed to cis-nerol for 60 min. It appears that terpenoids cause damage to cell membranes resulting in a significant loss of proteins.

scholarly journals Concentration-Dependent Feeding Deterrence to 20-Hydroxyecdysone for Three Subterranean Termite Species (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Lucas Carnohan ◽  
Sang-Bin Lee ◽  
Nan-Yao Su
Keyword(s):  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Molting Hormone ◽  
Feeding Deterrence ◽  
Insect Feeding ◽  
Substrate Consumption ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Potential Methods

Effective active ingredients in toxicant bait formulations must be non-deterrent to insect feeding behavior at lethal concentrations. This study evaluated feeding deterrence for Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, C. gestroi (Wasmann), and Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) when provided access to cellulose impregnated with various concentrations of the insect molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Termites were exposed to 20E concentrations of 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm and to noviflumuron at 5000 ppm in a 24 h choice-test, and the mass of substrate consumption from treated and untreated media pads was compared for each treatment. 20E feeding deterrence was detected at 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm for C. gestroi, and at 2000 ppm for C. formosanus. No significant differences in consumption of treated and untreated substrate was detected at any concentration for R. flavipes. Potential methods for reducing deterrence are discussed.

Impact of Rice Flour Cold-Water-Soluble Fraction Removal on Gelatinization and Pasting Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiai Jiao ◽  
Xiangjin Wei ◽  
Gaoneng Shao ◽  
Lihong Xie ◽  
Zhonghua Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction

FRACTIONATION OF LIVETIN AND THE MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF THE α- AND β-COMPONENTS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Martin ◽  
J. E. Vandegaer ◽  
W. H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Water Soluble Protein ◽  
Hen Egg Yolk ◽  
Hen Egg

Livetin, the major water-soluble protein of hen egg yolk, was found to contain three major components having mobilities of −6.3, −3.8, and −2.1 cm.2 sec.−1 volt−1 at pH 8, µ 0.1, and these have been designated α-, β-, and γ-livetin respectively. The α- and β-livetins were separated and purified electrophoretically after removal of γ-livetin by precipitation from 37% saturated ammonium sulphate or 20% isopropanol. The α-, β-, and mixed livetins resembled pseudoglobulins in solubility but γ-livetin was unstable and this loss of solubility has, so far, prevented its characterization. Molecular weights determined by light scattering, osmotic pressure, and Archibald sedimentation procedure yielded respectively: 8.7, 7.8, and 6.7 × 104 for α-livetin, and 4.8, 5.0, and4.5 × 104 for β-livetin. Under suitable conditions of sedimentation and electrophoresis, egg yolk has been shown to contain three components having the same behavior as the three livetins of the water-soluble fraction.

Water-soluble fraction of mercury, arsenic and other potentially toxic elements in highly contaminated sediments and soils

Chemosphere ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1301-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Rodrigues ◽  
B. Henriques ◽  
J. Coimbra ◽  
E. Ferreira da Silva ◽  
M.E. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction
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