Characterisation of a Soft Rot-Like Decay Pattern Caused by Coniophora puteana (Schum.) Karst. in Sapelli Wood (Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague)

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kleist ◽  
U. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Decay Pattern ◽  
Microfibrillar Angle

Summary The decay patterns of brown and soft rot fungi in Sapelli wood (Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague), with respect to natural durability, were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy as well as UV spectroscopy. Analyses revealed that the typical brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana can cause a soft rot-like decay in the sapwood of Sapelli at high moisture contents of approx. 100%. In accordance with the decay pattern of the typical soft rot fungus Chaetomium globosum, the hyphae of C. puteana penetrated the S2 wall of fibres and formed characteristic rhomboidal cavities orientated parallel to the microfibrillar angle. However, these cavities were larger in diameter (3.9 μm ± 0.9) than those formed by C. globosum (2.1 μm ± 0.5) and with a distinct interspace between the hyphae and surrounding walls. Hyphae of C. globosum were directly attached to the undecayed secondary wall. No lignin degradation for both fungi in close vicinity to the cavities was observed, as evidenced by UV spectroscopy. The inclusion of microscopy for definitive decay type identification is recommended.

Micromorphological characteristics of decayed wood and laccase produced by the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Ho Lee ◽  
Seung Gon Wi ◽  
Adya P. Singh ◽  
Yoon Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

scholarly journals Deterioration effects of wet environments and brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana on pine wood in the archaeological site of Biskupin (Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 132-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Jacqueline Łucejko ◽  
Marco Mattonai ◽  
Magdalena Zborowska ◽  
Diego Tamburini ◽  
Grzegorz Cofta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

MICROMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD BIODEGRADATION IN WET ENVIRONMENTS: A REVIEW

IAWA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Soo Kim ◽  
Adya P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Biodegradation ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

Wood in wet environments is attacked and degraded by soft rot fungi and erosion and tunnelling bacteria, which are more tolerant to high moisture and reduced oxygen conditions than basidiomycetes, such as white and brown rot fungi. Since wood decaying basidiomycete fungi are normally more aggressive and can degrade wood faster than soft rot fungi and bacteria, wood in wet environments can survive for a relatively long time. Archaeological investigations show that wood buried deep in ocean sediments can survive for hundreds and even thousands of years. In this review degradation patterns of various types of microbial wood decay are briefly described, and examples of decay type(s) in wood exposed in various wet environments presented. It is important to understand biological wood decay in wet environments in order to find appropriate ways to prolong woodʼs service life and properly restore wooden artefacts.

Fungal degradation of bamboo samples

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Schmidt ◽  
Dong Sheng Wei ◽  
Walter Liese ◽  
Elisabeth Wollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Severe Deterioration

Abstract The degradation of several Asian bamboo species by white-, brown-, and soft-rot fungi was investigated under laboratory conditions by means of different test methods. Severe deterioration was caused by all three fungi types. The bamboo species differed in durability. Samples from 6 months young culms decayed more than older ones. There were no significant differences between 1- and 3-year-old culms. Samples taken from the culm top were more vulnerable to decay than those from the bottom. Wet bamboo samples with soil contact were especially degraded by the white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune, whereas the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana produced the greatest mass loss in drier samples. The sealing of bamboo crosscut ends reduced the rate of decay.

Characterisation of the initial degradation stage of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood after attack by brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilze Irbe ◽  
Ingeborga Andersone ◽  
Bruno Andersons ◽  
Guna Noldt ◽  
Tatiana Dizhbite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

The effect of heartwood fungi of Pinus contorta var. latifolia on pinosylvin, pinosylvinmonomethyl ether, pinobanksin, and pinocembrin

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Loman
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Maximum Absorption ◽  
Fungus Flora ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

The heartwood of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) contains considerable amounts of fungitoxic phenolics, but also possesses an extensive fungus flora. Two of the most frequently isolated fungi, Peniophora pseudo-pini Weres. & Gibson and Tympanis hypopodia Nyl., effected the most rapid decrease in concentration of pinosylvin, pinosylvinmonomethyl ether, pinocembrin, and pinobanksin in lodgepole pine heartwood meal. Three mechanisms for the removal of pinosylvin were observed. The laccase-producing ascomycetes, Coryne sarcoides (Dicks. ex Fr.) Bon. and T. hypopodia, caused a decrease in optical density as well as a maximum absorption shift of pinosylvin from 310 mμ to 300 mμ. This shift could be related to the appearance of a new compound which absorbed at 300 mμ. Three laccase-producing basidiomycetes, P. pseudo-pini, Stereum sanguinolentum Alb. & Schw. ex Fr., and Fomes pini (Thore ex Fr.) Lloyd, caused decreases in the concentration of pinosylvin that were concurrent with red stain formation in infected heartwood meal, but were not associated with maximum absorption shifts. The non-laccase-producing brown rot fungus, Coniophora puteana Schum. ex Fr., caused a maximum absorption shift of pinosylvin from 310 to 320 mμ. However, the concentration of altered pinosylvin did not decrease below that of pinosylvin in the control. All fungi were living at the conclusion of the experiment.

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