Simultaneous Energy and Reserve Market Clearing with Consideration of Interruptible Loads as One of Demand Response Resources and Different Reliability Requirements of Consumers

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Najafi ◽  
Samaneh Ahmadi ◽  
Masoud Dashtdar
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
System Operator ◽  
Optimal Reserve ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Reserve Market

Abstract Determining the optimal reserve in power systems is closely related to uncertainties in power generation and risks of outage of supply to consumers. Distributed generation sources such as wind farms are usual reasons for uncertainties in MW production. This uncertainty can be alleviated by providing enough reserve in which demand response (DR) programs can play role of resources for reserve. In an electricity market structure, the mentioned points are usually handled by Independent System Operator (ISO) in energy and reserve markets. This paper deals with the problem of reliability-based reserve management. In the mentioned problem, the DR program in the form of interruptible loads is also considered. A new method is proposed in which ISO settle energy and reserve markets simultaneously while employing the DR in the first stage. In addition, consumers’ requirements of reliability are included by assuming that they have possibility to offer their desired levels of reliability to the ISO. The amount of reserve obtained from market settlement is adjusted based on the different reliability requirements of the consumers and different scenarios of the wind farm operation, in the second stage of the proposed method. Also the cost of the reserve adjustment is fairly allocated to producers and consumers. The proposed method applies stochastic programming formulation and its validity is assessed by the GAMS software. Simulation results show that how amount and cost of reserve could be adjusted to cover power balance, cost of power production and load interruption and required reliability of consumers.

scholarly journals The Role of Demand Response Aggregators and the Effect of GenCos Strategic Bidding on the Flexibility of Demand

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Mohammad ◽  
Yateendra Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Strategic Bidding ◽  
Load Curtailment ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents an interactive trading decision between an electricity market operator, generation companies (GenCos), and the aggregators having demand response (DR) capable loads. Decisions are made hierarchically. At the upper-level, an electricity market operator (EMO) aims to minimise generation supply cost considering a DR transaction cost, which is essentially the cost of load curtailment. A DR exchange operator aims to minimise this transaction cost upon receiving the DR offer from the multiple aggregators at the lower level. The solution at this level determines the optimal DR amount and the load curtailment price. The DR considers the end-user’s willingness to reduce demand. Lagrangian duality theory is used to solve the bi-level optimisation. The usefulness of the proposed market model is demonstrated on interconnection of the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) 5-Bus benchmark power system model under several plausible cases. It is found that the peak electricity price and grid-wise operation expenses under this DR trading scheme are reduced.

Study on the Importance of Wind Energy Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 958-961
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Xu ◽  
Kai Guo Qian
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Wind Energy Development ◽  
The Cost

with the development of new technologies, investment costs and operatingcosts of large-scale wind farms has dropped significantly, the market has begun to enter the operational phase. As global demand for energy and environmental pollution in the form of increasingly severe, the development of renewable energy has become a strategic arrangement of the world scientific and technological developmen. Wind power renewable energy in the near future will be the most promising-scale energy.. Foreign large-scale construction of wind power reached 8,000 yuan/kW 0. 4 yuan/kWh is exoected in the next 15years there is a 40% price cut. The large-scale wind farm is about to become a competitive option in the electricity market. The key prospects depend on the cost of the wind power market, and reducing costs is the key to scientific and technological progress and industrial scale.

Overview of Subsynchronous Oscillation in Grid-connected Wind Farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-979
Author(s):  
Xu Pei-Zhen ◽  
Lu Yong-Geng ◽  
Cao Xi-Min
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Induction Generator ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Subsynchronous Oscillation ◽  
Different Types

Background: Over the past few years, the subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) caused by the grid-connected wind farm had a bad influence on the stable operation of the system and has now become a bottleneck factor restricting the efficient utilization of wind power. How to mitigate and suppress the phenomenon of SSO of wind farms has become the focus of power system research. Methods: This paper first analyzes the SSO of different types of wind turbines, including squirrelcage induction generator based wind turbine (SCIG-WT), permanent magnet synchronous generator- based wind turbine (PMSG-WT), and doubly-fed induction generator based wind turbine (DFIG-WT). Then, the mechanisms of different types of SSO are proposed with the aim to better understand SSO in large-scale wind integrated power systems, and the main analytical methods suitable for studying the SSO of wind farms are summarized. Results: On the basis of results, using additional damping control suppression methods to solve SSO caused by the flexible power transmission devices and the wind turbine converter is recommended. Conclusion: The current development direction of the SSO of large-scale wind farm grid-connected systems is summarized and the current challenges and recommendations for future research and development are discussed.

scholarly journals Managing Wind Power Generation via Indexed Semi-Markov Model and Copula

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo D’Amico ◽  
Giovanni Masala ◽  
Filippo Petroni ◽  
Robert Adam Sobolewski
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Spatial Dependencies

Because of the stochastic nature of wind turbines, the output power management of wind power generation (WPG) is a fundamental challenge for the integration of wind energy systems into either power systems or microgrids (i.e., isolated systems consisting of local wind energy systems only) in operation and planning studies. In general, a wind energy system can refer to both one wind farm consisting of a number of wind turbines and a given number of wind farms sited at the area in question. In power systems (microgrid) planning, a WPG should be quantified for the determination of the expected power flows and the analysis of the adequacy of power generation. Concerning this operation, the WPG should be incorporated into an optimal operation decision process, as well as unit commitment and economic dispatch studies. In both cases, the probabilistic investigation of WPG leads to a multivariate uncertainty analysis problem involving correlated random variables (the output power of either wind turbines that constitute wind farm or wind farms sited at the area in question) that follow different distributions. This paper advances a multivariate model of WPG for a wind farm that relies on indexed semi-Markov chains (ISMC) to represent the output power of each wind energy system in question and a copula function to reproduce the spatial dependencies of the energy systems’ output power. The ISMC model can reproduce long-term memory effects in the temporal dependence of turbine power and thus understand, as distinct cases, the plethora of Markovian models. Using copula theory, we incorporate non-linear spatial dependencies into the model that go beyond linear correlations. Some copula functions that are frequently used in applications are taken into consideration in the paper; i.e., Gumbel copula, Gaussian copula, and the t-Student copula with different degrees of freedom. As a case study, we analyze a real dataset of the output powers of six wind turbines that constitute a wind farm situated in Poland. This dataset is compared with the synthetic data generated by the model thorough the calculation of three adequacy indices commonly used at the first hierarchical level of power system reliability studies; i.e., loss of load probability (LOLP), loss of load hours (LOLH) and loss of load expectation (LOLE). The results will be compared with those obtained using other models that are well known in the econometric field; i.e., vector autoregressive models (VAR).

scholarly journals Voltage Coordination via Communication in Large-Scale Multi-Area Power Systems. Part I: Principal

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 7175-7182
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moradzadeh ◽  
René Boel
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Coordination Control ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
System Operator

This two-part paper deals with the coordination of the control actions in a network of many interacting components, where each component is controlled by independent control agents. As a case study we consider voltage control in large electric power systems, where ever-increasing pressures from the liberalization and globalization of the electricity market has led to partitioning the power system into multiple areas each operated by an independent Transmission System Operator (TSO). Coordination of local control actions taken by those TSOs is a very challenging problem as poorly coordinated operation of TSOs may endanger the power system security by increasing the risk of blackouts. This coordination problem involves many other issues such as communication, abstraction and last but not least optimization. This first part of the paper is devoted to the principals of the coordination control, addressing some of those issues using as a case study the problem of coordination control for avoiding voltage collapse in large-scale multi-area power systems.

scholarly journals Noise assessment of the small-scale wind farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Cristian-Gabriel Alionte ◽  
Daniel-Constantin Comeaga
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Noise Assessment ◽  
The Impact

The importance of renewable energy and especially of eolian systems is growing. For this reason, we propose the investigation of an important pollutant - the noise, which has become so important that European Commission and European Parliament introduced Directive 2002/49/CE relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. So far, priority has been given to very large-scale systems connected to national energy systems, wind farms whose highly variable output power could be regulated by large power systems. Nowadays, with the development of small storage capacities, it is feasible to install small power wind turbines in cities of up to 10,000 inhabitants too. As a case study, we propose a simulation for a rural locality where individual wind units could be used. This specific case study is interesting because it provides a new perspective of the impact of noise on the quality of life when the use of this type of system is implemented on a large scale. This option, of distributed and small power wind turbine, can be implemented in the future as an alternative or an adding to the common systems.

scholarly journals Replacement Reserve for the Italian Power System and Electricity Market

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2916
Author(s):  
Mauro Caprabianca ◽  
Maria Carmen Falvo ◽  
Lorenzo Papi ◽  
Lucrezia Promutico ◽  
Viviana Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Forecast Horizon ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
Central Platform ◽  
System Operator ◽  
New Methodologies

Over the last years, power systems around the globe experienced deep changes in their operation, mainly induced by the widespread of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IRES). These changes involved a review of market and operational rules, in the direction of a stronger integration. At European level, this integration is in progress, driven by the new European guidelines and network codes, which deal with multiple issues, from market design to operational security. In this framework, the project TERRE (Trans European Replacement Reserve Exchange) is aimed at the realization of a European central platform, called LIBRA, for the exchange of balancing resources and, in particular, for the activation of the procured Replacement Reserve (RR) resources. The Italian Transmission System Operator (TSO), TERNA, is a participant of the project and it is testing new methodologies for the sizing of RR and its required activation throughout the TERRE process. The aim of the new methodologies is to find areas of potential improvement in the sizing of RR requirements and activation, which open up the possibility for a reduction of the procurement cost, without endangering the security of the power system. This paper describes a new RR sizing methodology, proposed by TERNA, which is based on a persistence method, showing its results on real data and highlighting key advantages and potential limitations of this approach. In order to overcome these limitations, a literature review on alternative approaches has been carried out, identifying nowcasting techniques as a relevant alternative for the very short term forecast horizon. These one could be further investigated and tested in the future, using the proposed persistence method as a benchmark.

A Frequency Control Method by Wind Farm & Battery using Load Estimation in Isolated Power System

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akie Uehara ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu ◽  
Atsushi Yona ◽  
Toshihisa Funabashi
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Load Estimation ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy

Currently, there are several published reports on wind farms (WFs) for controlling output power by using pitch angle control. In addition, to reduce the adverse effects of frequency deviations, battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are introduced to small power systems. In this context, this paper presents a frequency control method by the WF and the BESS using load estimation. The load is estimated by a disturbance observer. The frequency deviations in low and high frequency domain are reduced by the WF using pitch angle control and battery charge/discharge, respectively. By using the proposed method, the reduction of the rated capacity of the BESS is possible. Furthermore, for the pitch angle control system of each WTG in the WF, generalized predictive control (GPC) is applied to achieve robust control performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.

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