Breakthrough Volume

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Poole ◽  
Zoltan Mester ◽  
Manuel Miró ◽  
Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard ◽  
Janusz Pawliszyn
Keyword(s):  
Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Tartaglia ◽  
Abuzar Kabir ◽  
Songul Ulusoy ◽  
Halil Ibrahim Ulusoy ◽  
Giuseppe Maria Merone ◽  
...  

In this work, the synthesis, characterization, and application of novel parabens imprinted polymers as highly selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents have been reported. The imprinted polymers were created using sol–gel molecular imprinting process. All the seven parabens were considered herein in order to check the phase selectivity. By means of a validated HPLC-photodiode array detector (PDA) method all seven parabens were resolved in a single chromatographic run of 25 min. These SPE sorbents, in-house packed in SPE empty cartridges, were first characterized in terms of extraction capability, breakthrough volume, retention volume, hold-up volume, number of theoretical plates, and retention factor. Finally, the device was applied to a real urine sample to check the method feasibility on a very complex matrix. The new paraben imprinted SPE sorbents, not yet present in the literature, potentially encourage the development of novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to enhance the extraction efficiency, and consequently the overall analytical performances, when the trace quantification is required.


2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 797-805
Author(s):  
Ehsan Partovi ◽  
Abdulrahman Bahrami ◽  
Abbas AfKhami ◽  
Farshid Ghorbani Shahna ◽  
Farhad Ghamari ◽  
...  

Abstract This research develops a rapid method for sampling and analysis of maleic anhydride (MA) in air using a one-step hollow fiber (HF) membrane in the liquid phase followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A sampling chamber was prepared for sampling of MA with HF-supported de-ionized water absorbency. Several important parameters, such as sampling flow rate, sampling time, and breakthrough volume (BTV), were optimized at different concentrations using a central composite design. The results showed that sampling could be performed at the maximum period of 4 h with a flow rate of 1 mL min–1 for different concentrations (in the range of 0.05–2 mg m–3). The BTV was 240 mL. The relative standard deviations for the repeatability of interday and intraday were 7–10%, 10%, respectively, and the pooled standard deviation was 0.088. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 0.033 and 0.060 mg m–3, respectively. Moreover, our findings revealed that the samples could be stored in sealed HF flexible plastic tubes in a cover at refrigerator temperature (4°C) for up to 7 days. The HF method was compared with method number 3512 National Institute Occupational Safety and Health for determination of MA. There was a good correlation (R2 = 0.99) between the two methods at a concentration of 0.05 to 2 mg m–3 in the laboratory and the average concentration of MA for both methods was 0.11 mg m–3 in the ambient air at an adhesive manufacturer. Our findings indicated that the proposed HF can act as a reliable, rapid, and effective approach for sampling of MA in workplaces.


2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Donaldson ◽  
Susan M Grimes ◽  
Lina Mehta ◽  
Ahmad J Jafari

Abstract A fast and accurate analytical method, which uses commercially available adsorbents (Tenax TA, Carbotrap B and C, and Carbosieve S-III), was developed for the sampling and determination of aromatic hydrocarbons, chloroaromatic compounds, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The breakthrough volume data show that Carbotrap C has a good capacity for compounds of high molecular weight, whereas Carbosieve S-III and Tenax TA are efficient for volatile compounds. The organic components are thermally desorbed and transferred to a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. Importantly, thermal desorption avoids conventional solvent extraction procedures and also allows reuse of adsorbent tubes. Preliminary results for recovery of analytes from tubes packed with single adsorbent prove that a single-adsorbent bed is not capable of sampling a wide range of compounds. The best method to obtain the desired collection and desorption properties is to use adsorbent tubes containing several different materials. The results of optimization studies are summarized.


Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Tartaglia ◽  
Marcello Locatelli ◽  
Abuzar Kabir ◽  
Kenneth G. Furton ◽  
Daniela Macerola ◽  
...  

This paper reports the performance comparison between the exhaustive and equilibrium extraction using classical Avantor C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) SPE sorbent, Sep-Pak C18 SPE sorbent, novel sol-gel Carbowax 20M (sol-gel CW 20M) SPE sorbent, and sol-gel CW 20M coated fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) media for the simultaneous extraction and analysis of three inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) drugs that possess logP values (polarity) ranging from 1.66 for cortisone, 2.30 for ciprofloxacin, and 2.92 for sulfasalazine. Both the commercial SPE phases and in-house synthesized sol-gel CW 20M SPE phases were loaded in SPE cartridges and the extractions were carried out under an exhaustive extraction mode. FPSE was carried out under an equilibrium extraction mode. The drug compounds were resolved using a Luna C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 m particle size) in gradient elution mode within 20 min and the method was validated in compliance with international guidelines for the bioanalytical method validation. Novel in-house synthesized and loaded sol-gel CW 20M SPE sorbent cartridges were characterized in terms of their extraction capability, breakthrough volume, retention volume, hold-up volume, number of the theoretical plate, and the retention factor.


2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1430-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryoush Afzali ◽  
Ali Mostafavi

Abstract The application of organo nanoclay 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN)-immobilized as a new, easily prepared, and stable solid sorbent for preconcentration of trace amounts of Cu2, Ni2, and Mn2 ions in aqueous solution is presented. The organo nanoclay was prepared by adding tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride onto montmorillonite and then saturating with PAN. A simple, rapid, selective, sensitive, and economical method was developed for the simultaneous separation of trace amounts of copper, nickel, and manganese in aqueous medium using PAN as an analytical reagent. The sorption was quantitative in the pH range of 69.5, and quantitative desorption occurred instantaneously with 5.0 mL 3 M HNO3. Linearity was maintained at 0.2637 ng/mL for copper, 152 ng/mL for nickel, and 0.221 ng/mL for manganese in the original solution. The detection limits were 0.04 ng/mL for Cu(II), 0.15 ng/mL for Ni(II), and 0.03 ng/mL for Mn(II) in the original solution (2bl; standard deviation and bl blank). Various parameters, such as the effect of pH, breakthrough volume, and interference of a large number of anions and cations, have been studied, and the proposed method was used to determine these metal ions in water and standard samples. Determination of these metal ions in standard samples showed that the proposed method has good accuracy.


2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadollah Yamini ◽  
Nayyereh Amiri

Abstract A simple and reliable method is presented for the rapid extraction, separation, preconcentration, and determination of iron as its bathophenanthroline complex by the use of octadecylsilica membrane disks and spectrophotometry. We evaluted extraction efficiency, the influence of sample matrix, type and optimum amount of extractant, flow rates of sample solution and eluent, pH, amounts of bathophenanthroline and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, breakthrough volume, and limit of detection. We also studied the effects of various cationic interferences on percent recovery of iron. Complete elution of the complex from disks was obtained with a minimal amount of solvent. The limit of detection of the proposed method is 0.080 ppb. The method was applied to the recovery and determination of iron in natural waters.


Author(s):  
Celestino García-Gómez ◽  
María Lourdes Rivera-Huerta ◽  
Fabián Almazán-García ◽  
Alejandra Martín-Domínguez ◽  
Vianey Ariadna Burboa-Charis ◽  
...  

In the present study, Electrocoagulated Metal Hydroxide Sludge (EMHS) was analyzed as adsorbent material to remove both fluoride ion (F-) and arsenic V (As(V)) from aqueous effluents. This material was generated during an electrocoagulation process using Aluminum anode. It was characterized by using specific surface areas and the surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorbent fixed-beds are generally studied to remove different class of contaminants. EMHS was evaluated using a continuous flow rate column test with an experimental design. The effect of initial concentration of F- (2.5–10 mg L−1) and the Empty Bed Contact Time (EBCT (0.4–0.8 min)) was studied following a central composite design methodology. The experimented parameters had a significant influence on saturation time, breakthrough volume, and breakthrough time. A response surface analysis was a tool for analyzing the adsorption study, showing interactions that are complicated to identify by others methods. The results, here reported, revealed that EMHS is an efficient and promising adsorbent material in order to remove F- and As(V) from water contaminated by these pollutants.


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