Alpha2-antiplasmin deficiency affects depression and anxiety-like behavior and apoptosis induced by stress in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Kanno ◽  
Kaho Tsuchida ◽  
Chihiro Maruyama ◽  
Kyoko Hori ◽  
Hanako Teramura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Social ◽  
Repeated Restraint Stress ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Interaction Test

Abstract Objectives Depression is a psychiatric disorder that affects about 10% of the world’s population and is accompanied by anxiety. Depression and anxiety are often caused by various stresses. However, the etiology of depression and anxiety remains unknown. It has been reported that alpha2-antiplasmin (α2AP) not only inhibits plasmin but also has various functions such as cytokine production and cell growth. This study aimed to determine the roles of α2AP on the stress-induced depression and anxiety. Methods We investigated the mild repeated restraint stress-induced depressive and anxiety-like behavior in the α2AP+/+ and α2AP−/− mice using the social interaction test (SIT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and elevated plus maze (EPM). Results The stresses such as the mild repeated restraint stress suppressed α2AP expression in the hippocampus of mice, and the treatment of fluoxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SSRI]) recovered the stress-caused α2AP suppression. We also showed that α2AP deficiency promoted the mild restraint stress-stimulated depression-like behavior such as social withdrawal and apathy and apoptosis in mice. In contrast, α2AP deficiency attenuated the mild restraint stress induced the anxiety-like behavior in mice. Conclusions α2AP affects the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety induced by stress.

scholarly journals Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Noise Exposure Induced Oxidative Stress and Depressive- and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Adult Male Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yavar Mahmoodzadeh ◽  
◽  
Javad Mahmoudi ◽  
Sattar Gorgani-firuzjaee ◽  
Naser Mohtavinejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

Background: Depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric disorders that widely occur in industrial societies and severely affect individual's lives. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a mucolytic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of NAC against chronic noise-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Methods: Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, noise90 dB, noise110 dB, noise 90+NAC, and noise 110+NAC groups. Animals in the noise groups were exposed to the 90 and 110 dB 2 h/day for 30 days. NAC groups received NAC (325 mg/kg P.O.) 20 min after being exposed to noise. To evaluate depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, mice were subjected to open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), and elevated plus maze (EPM) tasks. At the end of the behavioral tests, animals were sacrificed and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the hippocampus (HIP) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Results: The results showed that exposure to noise would induce anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, being reversed by NAC administration. Moreover, chronic administration of NAC resulted in a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA levels) in the PFC and HIP of noise-exposed mice. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the administration of NAC would reduce the adverse effects of noise on the brain and would exert anti-depressant and anxiolytic effects.

13. FGF2 Gene is required for Antidepressant Treatment Effects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

gene in humans have been shown to predict non-responsiveness to antidepressant drugs; suggesting that FGF2 is required for antidepressants to work. In this study, we hypothesized that antidepressants will not work in rodents that lack the FGF2 gene. Hence, we tested antidepressant treatment in transgenic mice that had the FGF2 gene knocked out. Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) has been used for several decades to produce a reliable depressive and anxious phenotype in mice. This study followed a CUS paradigm and used fluoxetine (Prozac) as antidepressant treatment. Mice received daily fluoxetine administration beginning on week three of CUS and continued until the end of week five to provide an antidepressant effect and reverse the effects of stress. To test for levels of anxiety and depression, a battery of behavioral tests was conducted which began from the least stressful (i.e. sucrose preference test, open field maze, elevated plus maze) to the most stressful test (forced swim test) to prevent testing carry-over effects. AnyMaze software was used to measure behavior in the open field and elevated plus mazes by recording the amount of time each mouse spent in certain parts of the maze. Future studies will examine brain changes associated with FGF2 gene deletion – particularly in astrocyte cells – which might be necessary for successful antidepressant action. Hopefully, this will elucidate novel therapeutic targets for antidepressant and anti-anxiety medication. 

Mice cohabiting with familiar conspecific in chronic stress condition exhibit methamphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization and augmented consolation behavior.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Eduardo Carneiro de Oliveira ◽  
Isabela Miranda Carmona ◽  
Mariana Casarotto ◽  
Lara Maria Silveira ◽  
Anna Cecília Bezerra de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Locomotor Sensitization ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Repeated Restraint Stress ◽  
Affective Behaviors

Abstract Recognize and share emotions are essential for species survival, but in some cases, living with a conspecific in distress condition may induce negative emotional states through empathy-like processes. Studies have reported that stressors promote psychiatric disorders in both, who suffers directly and who witness these aversive episodes, principally whether social proximity is involved. However, the mechanisms underlying the harmful outcomes of emotional contagion needs more studies, mainly in the drug addiction-related behaviors. Here, we investigated the relevance of familiarity and the effects of cohabitation with a partner submitted to chronic stress in the anxiety-like, locomotor sensitization and consolation behaviors. Male swiss mice were housed in pairs during different periods to test the establishment of familiarity and the stress-induced anxiety behavior in the elevated plus maze. Another cohort was housed with a conspecific subjected to repeated restraint stress (1h/day) for 14 days. During chronic restraint the allogrooming was measured and after the stress period mice were tested in the open field for evaluation of anxiety and locomotor cross-sensitization induced by methamphetamine. We found that familiarity was established after 14 days of cohabitation and the anxiogenic behavior appeared after 14 days of stress. Repeated restraint stress also increased anxiety in the open field test and induced locomotor cross-sensitization in the stressed mice and their cagemates. Cagemates also exhibited increase in consolation behavior after stress sessions when compared to control mice. These results indicate that changes in drug abuse-related, consolation and affective behaviors may be precipitate through emotional contagion in familiar conspecifics.

Tianeptine counteracts the anxiogenic effects of benzodiazepine withdrawal, but not those of exposure to cat odour

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (S2) ◽  
pp. 75s-80s
Author(s):  
SE File ◽  
N Andrews ◽  
H Zangrossi
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Social Interaction Test ◽  
Anxiety States ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Social ◽  
5 Ht Uptake ◽  
Benzodiazepine Withdrawal ◽  
Chronic Diazepam ◽  
Interaction Test

SummaryTianeptine is a clinically effective anti-depressant with the unusual profile of increasing 5-HT uptake, thereby decreasing the synaptic availability of 5-HT. In the social interaction test of anxiety in the rat, withdrawal from chronic diazepam treatment produced a significant anxiogenic response that was reversed by acute administration of tianeptine (2.5–10 mg/kg). These doses were without significant effect in the vehicle-treated rats. Exposure of rats to cat odour resulted in anxiogenic responses in the plus-maze and social interaction tests and in decreased exploration. These changes were not reversed by 5 days treatment with tianeptine (2.5–10 mg/kg). Thus, tianeptine may not he effective in all anxiety states, but could be particularly useful in treating patients withdrawn from benzodiazepines.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Social Effects on Depression-Related Behavioral Phenotypes in Mice

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Seona Patel ◽  
Lindsay Cameron ◽  
David Olson
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Behavioral Phenotypes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

Social interaction and empathy play critical roles in determining the emotional well-being of humans. Stress-related depression and anxiety can be exacerbated or mitigated depending on specific social conditions. Although rodents are well known to exhibit emotional contagion and consolation behavior, the effects of group housing on stress-induced phenotypes in both males and females are not well established. Here, we investigated how the presence of stressed or unstressed conspecifics within a cage impact depression-related phenotypes. We housed male and female C57BL/6J mice in same-sex groups and subjected them to either gentle handling (GH) or the daily administration of corticosterone (CORT) for 10 days. The GH and CORT treatment groups were divided into cages of unmixed (GH or CORT) and mixed (GH and CORT) treatments. Depression-related phenotypes were measured using the forced swim test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT). We found that mixed housing alters FST behavior in a sex-specific manner. Male mice given chronic corticosterone (CORT) that were housed in the same cage as gently handled animals (GH) exhibited increased immobility, whereas GH females housed with CORT females demonstrated the opposite effect. This study underscores the importance of social housing conditions when evaluating stress-induced behavioral phenotypes and suggests that mixed cages of GH and CORT animals yield the greatest difference between treatment groups. The latter finding has important implications for identifying therapeutics capable of rescuing stress-induced behavioral deficits in the FST.

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