Einkommenswachstum, steigende Gesundheitsausgaben und Finanzierung / Income Increase, Health Spending Growth and Financing

2007 ◽  
Vol 227 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Adam
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Health Care Consumption ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spending Growth

SummaryIn 2005, total health spending in Germany amounted to € 239,4 billion or € 2900 per capita. Given the aging of the population in the next decades and the progress in medical technology there are some doubts about the affordability of health spending growth. One important criterion which has been proposed is that increasing health care spending should not lead to an absolute reduction of real per capita non-health care consumption. Calculations for the period 2005-2075 show that non-health consumption will not fall if per capita health care spending growth exceeds per capita gross domestic product growth by 1 percentage point. Health care spending as a share of the gross domestic product will rise from 10.4 percent in 2005 to 21 percent in 2075. An increase in the ratio of health care spending to the gross domestic product must be expected to change the funding of the German health care system. The public provision of health care will decline while the share of income devoted to private health spending (additional insurance, out-of-pocket-payments) will increase.

scholarly journals Indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in the years 2012-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kobuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Per Capita

Introduction: Mental health is necessary for achieving the complete health by individuals. According to WHO, it is "a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community" (2). Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of people suffering from mental disorders that can deteriorate their life quality, lead to problems with the standard functioning in the society, a drop in productivity, and can cause disabilities. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article was to attempt the estimation of indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in the years 2012-2018. Materials and methods: Indirect costs were estimated with the human capital approach using data on sickness absence provided by the Polish Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and macroeconomic indicators published by the Central Statistical Office in Poland (GUS). The individual productivity loss was introduced by means of three indicators: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, Gross Domestic Product per person employed, corrected Gross Domestic Product. Results: Estimated indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in 2012 were: 1.62 billion PLN measured in terms of GDP per capita, 2.86 billion PLN measured in terms of corrected GDP per person employed, and 4.40 billion PL measured in terms of GDP per person employed. And those costs in 2018 were 2.93 billion PLN, 4.57 billion PLN, and 7.03 billion PLN respectively, and they were higher by ca. 60-80% than in 2012. Conclusions: The described estimation of indirect costs can lead to conclusions that mental health care in Poland is quite poor - indirect costs can reach twice the level of National Health Fund (NFZ) expenses on the mental health care.

The Analysis of Health Care Expenses of Turkey between 1990-2012

2016 ◽  
pp. 621-635
Author(s):  
Hayriye Işik ◽  
Yaşar Akdağ
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Domestic Product

Health is described not only as the absence of disease and disability but also as physically, psychologically, and socially general well-being of people. Best practices of individuals and the society from the health services depend on taking the correct decisions on health policies. In addition, the thought that a country spending much on health services must have a perfect status of health should not be perceived as right. Effectiveness of the spending result in the efficient practices of these services. Although there have been many institutions carrying out the health services, it has been observed that the share separated for the health from the gross domestic product in Turkey increased until 2009 but decreased as of the mentioned year and it has been stated as low compared with the other countries. In this chapter the effectiveness of Turkey's health spending between 1999 and 2012 has been analysed from this view.

The Analysis of Health Care Expenses of Turkey between 1990-2012

2015 ◽  
pp. 284-296
Author(s):  
Hayriye Işik ◽  
Yaşar Akdağ
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Domestic Product

Health is described not only as the absence of disease and disability but also as physically, psychologically, and socially general well-being of people. Best practices of individuals and the society from the health services depend on taking the correct decisions on health policies. In addition, the thought that a country spending much on health services must have a perfect status of health should not be perceived as right. Effectiveness of the spending result in the efficient practices of these services. Although there have been many institutions carrying out the health services, it has been observed that the share separated for the health from the gross domestic product in Turkey increased until 2009 but decreased as of the mentioned year and it has been stated as low compared with the other countries. In this chapter the effectiveness of Turkey's health spending between 1999 and 2012 has been analysed from this view.

scholarly journals Causality between Gross Domestic Product and Health Care Expenditure in the Augmented Solow’s Growth Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almas Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Speed Of Convergence ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
Health Capital ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Per Capita

This paper examines conditional convergence of OECD countries in gross domestic product (GDP) and health care expenditure (HCE) per capita. It extends the augmented Solow model by incorporating health capital to explain variations in output and expenditure per capita across countries. The issue of causality between GDP and HCE is investigated. The results show that HCE has positive effect on the economic growth and the speed of convergence. In the HCE model a regression of the speed of convergence on variables determining the rate of convergence show close link to the variables characterising the health care system of sample countries.

Estimates of global spending and financing of mental health

2011 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 05-08 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita

SummaryThis paper illustrates the wide variation in the spending and financing of mental health services around the globe. As would be expected, mental health spending in high-income countries is a larger percent of overall health care spending, which in the United States, United Kingdom, and France is about 10% of health care spending, compared to countries such as Japan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, and Hungary, where the spending is around 6%. In OECD countries, mental health spending is approximately 7.4% of total health care spending. Our analysis of the relationship between per capita spending on mental health and per capita income shows that the elasticity of mental health spending is 0.49, suggesting that a 10% change in per capita income produces a 4.9% increase in mental health spending per capita. In LMIC, we found that the spending levels for mental health was approximately 1–2% of the total health care budget. The dominant payer for mental health services throughout the globe still appears to be that of the government sector. The case studies that we present in Korea, Spain, and Ghana show dramatically different approaches to the financing and spending of mental health.

Health Systems in Industrialized Countries

2011 ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
Bianca K. Frogner ◽  
Peter S. Hussey ◽  
Gerard F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Quality And Outcomes ◽  
Spending Growth ◽  
Major Factors

This article focuses on the health systems of industrialized countries which are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It begins with an overview of the various ways to finance health systems in industrialized countries. It discusses the factors generally considered to be the major factors contributing to rising health care spending and the variation in the levels of health care spending across the OECD countries. However, many of the fundamental drivers of health spending growth are shared across countries: most notably, technological diffusion and the shift of the disease burden toward chronic diseases. This article determines successful approaches to manage these drivers of spending while improving the quality and outcomes achieved should be a priority for OECD countries.

Decomposing Trends in U.S. Health Care Spending Among Nonelderly Adults, 2007-2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 107755871986508
Author(s):  
Fredric Blavin ◽  
Michael Karpman ◽  
Diane Arnos
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Capita Spending ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spending Growth

Using the 2007 to 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey–Household Component, this study analyzes trends in per capita health expenditures among nonelderly adults from the Great Recession to the period following full implementation of the Affordable Care Act. We find that the growth in total per capita spending—and specifically for prescription drug and emergency room spending—from 2007-2009 to 2014-2016 was largely driven by increases in expenditures per unit, that is, increases in per unit prices, quality, and/or intensity of treatment. We also find that changes in the health insurance distribution were the largest driver behind the increase in total per capita expenditures over this period, while changes in prevalence of chronic conditions explained a smaller portion of the increase. Identifying policies for containing health care spending growth requires a detailed understanding of the sources of that growth, particularly during periods of economic fluctuations, policy changes, and technological developments.

scholarly journals Inter-Generational Aspects of Health Care

2011 ◽  
pp. 869-889
Author(s):  
Louise Sheiner
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Health Care Consumption ◽  
Public Sector Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time

The distribution of health spending by age has important effects on inter-generational transfers. This association between age and health care consumption raises a number of issues related to inter-generational equity particularly allocation of society's resources across age groups and the affect of an increase in health spending on distribution over time. This article discusses the inter-generational implications of public sector health care spending and financing. Health spending has two attributes that raise the question of inter-generational transfers: first, health care spending varies by age and second, the government heavily subsidizes health care. This article addresses the ways by which increase in life expectancy and other improvements in health might affect the per capita health spending on the elderly. Finally, it mentions the need for future research as much remains to be learned about how each of these attributes of the health system will evolve over time.

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