scholarly journals Causality between Gross Domestic Product and Health Care Expenditure in the Augmented Solow’s Growth Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almas Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Speed Of Convergence ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
Health Capital ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Per Capita

This paper examines conditional convergence of OECD countries in gross domestic product (GDP) and health care expenditure (HCE) per capita. It extends the augmented Solow model by incorporating health capital to explain variations in output and expenditure per capita across countries. The issue of causality between GDP and HCE is investigated. The results show that HCE has positive effect on the economic growth and the speed of convergence. In the HCE model a regression of the speed of convergence on variables determining the rate of convergence show close link to the variables characterising the health care system of sample countries.

Analyzing and management of health care expenditure and gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate by adaptive neuro-fuzzy technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Mladenović ◽  
Miloš Milovančević ◽  
Svetlana Sokolov Mladenović ◽  
Vladislav Marjanović ◽  
Biljana Petković
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

scholarly journals Indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in the years 2012-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kobuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Per Capita

Introduction: Mental health is necessary for achieving the complete health by individuals. According to WHO, it is "a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community" (2). Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of people suffering from mental disorders that can deteriorate their life quality, lead to problems with the standard functioning in the society, a drop in productivity, and can cause disabilities. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article was to attempt the estimation of indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in the years 2012-2018. Materials and methods: Indirect costs were estimated with the human capital approach using data on sickness absence provided by the Polish Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and macroeconomic indicators published by the Central Statistical Office in Poland (GUS). The individual productivity loss was introduced by means of three indicators: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, Gross Domestic Product per person employed, corrected Gross Domestic Product. Results: Estimated indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in 2012 were: 1.62 billion PLN measured in terms of GDP per capita, 2.86 billion PLN measured in terms of corrected GDP per person employed, and 4.40 billion PL measured in terms of GDP per person employed. And those costs in 2018 were 2.93 billion PLN, 4.57 billion PLN, and 7.03 billion PLN respectively, and they were higher by ca. 60-80% than in 2012. Conclusions: The described estimation of indirect costs can lead to conclusions that mental health care in Poland is quite poor - indirect costs can reach twice the level of National Health Fund (NFZ) expenses on the mental health care.

The estimated economic burden of overweight and obesity in Hungary

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (35) ◽  
pp. 1406-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Iski ◽  
Imre Rurik
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Obesity And Overweight

Introduction: The pandemic of obesity has a great impact on the health care system, and it accounts for an increasing ratio of health care expenses. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of overweight and obesity including both the health care budget and financial contribution of patients. Method: Data of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund were analyzed in the financial year of 2012. Expenses related to inpatient (hospital) and outpatient services and sick-leave finances related to obesity, diabetes and hypertension were analyzed. The incidence of obesity was calculated as high as 80% in diabetics and 60% in patients with hypertension. Results: According to this method of estimation, 207,000 million HUF (680 million EUR) was spent for treatment, which accounts for 11.6% of the total Hungarian health budget and corresponds to 0.73% of the gross domestic product. Additionally, at least 22,000 million HUF was paid by the patients as contribution to treatment. However, expenses related to overweight and obesity may be even higher considering a higher prevalence rate of overweight and obesity, and the occurrence of co-morbidities with higher costs (between 15% and 18% of the total health expenditure and at least 1% of the gross domestic product). Conclusions: The results confirm that obesity- and overweight-related expenses represent a significant proportion of health care expenditure. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(35), 1406–1412.

Einkommenswachstum, steigende Gesundheitsausgaben und Finanzierung / Income Increase, Health Spending Growth and Financing

2007 ◽  
Vol 227 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Adam
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Health Care Consumption ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spending Growth

SummaryIn 2005, total health spending in Germany amounted to € 239,4 billion or € 2900 per capita. Given the aging of the population in the next decades and the progress in medical technology there are some doubts about the affordability of health spending growth. One important criterion which has been proposed is that increasing health care spending should not lead to an absolute reduction of real per capita non-health care consumption. Calculations for the period 2005-2075 show that non-health consumption will not fall if per capita health care spending growth exceeds per capita gross domestic product growth by 1 percentage point. Health care spending as a share of the gross domestic product will rise from 10.4 percent in 2005 to 21 percent in 2075. An increase in the ratio of health care spending to the gross domestic product must be expected to change the funding of the German health care system. The public provision of health care will decline while the share of income devoted to private health spending (additional insurance, out-of-pocket-payments) will increase.

PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL ASING, PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL, GDP PER KAPITA, SEKTOR PERTANIAN, DAN URBANISASI TERHADAP PENDUDUK BEKERJA DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
John Marcell Rumondor
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Per Capita

This research aims to understand the influenceof foreign investment, international trade, Gross Domestic Product per capita, agriculture and urbanization of the working population. Country used as an object in this research is Indonesia. This research uses the method of analysis Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and the multiple linear regression analysis method. Research period are from 1997 – 2012. The results showed that the international trade, Gross Domestic Product per capita, agriculture and urbanization have significantpositive influenceon the population work in Indonesia, but foreign investment has no significanteffect on the working population in Indonesia.

Abstract P360: Hypertension Treatment Rates And Health Worker Density: An Analysis Of Worldwide Data

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Vedanthan ◽  
Mondira Ray ◽  
Valentin Fuster ◽  
Ellen Magenheim
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Hypertension is the leading global risk for mortality and its prevalence is increasing in many low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension treatment rates are low worldwide, potentially in part due to insufficient human resources. However, the relationship between health worker density and hypertension treatment rates is unknown. Objective: To conduct an econometric analysis of the relationship between health worker density and hypertension treatment rates worldwide. Methods: Hypertension treatment rates were collected from published reports between 1980 and 2010. Data on health worker (physician and nurse) density were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO). Data for potential confounding variables--per capita gross domestic product, hospital bed density, burden of infectious diseases, land area and urban population--were obtained from WHO and World Bank databases. Potential interaction by per capita gross domestic product was evaluated. Multivariable logistic-logarithmic regression analysis was performed using Stata. Results: Full data were available from 146 countries spanning all World Bank income classification categories. Health worker density was significantly associated with hypertension treatment rate in the unadjusted model (beta = 0.23; p < 0.005). In the fully adjusted model, the association remained positive but was not statistically significant (beta = 0.30; p = 0.078) (Figure). Hypertension treatment rates were more strongly related to physician than nurse density (beta = 0.21 vs 0.08; p = 0.10 vs 0.49). Conclusion: Hypertension treatment rates across the world appear to be related to health worker density, although the relationship does not achieve strict statistical significance. Our results suggest that a 10% increase in health worker density is associated with a 2-3% increase in hypertension treatment rate. Given the global burden of hypertension and other chronic diseases, WHO guidelines for health workforce staffing may need to be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Geographical Indication and Regional Development: Cause or Consequence

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Alan Malacarne ◽  
Liaria Nunes da Silva ◽  
Camila Souza Vieira ◽  
Ricardo Fontes Macedo ◽  
Andreia Malacarne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Per Capita

The Geographical Indication is an instrument of protection to products and services that have intrinsic value. The cities of Bento Gon&ccedil;alves, Flores da Cunha, Monte Belo do Sul, Farroupilha, Paraty, Urussanga, Salinas and Aba&iacute;ra are highlights in the Brazilian agricultural sector. These regions have territorial demarcations with a Geographical Indication certification, where the producers live in the same region and can sell their own products with this seal of quality. An analysis has as a starting point the following study problem: Is the success of the implementation of a Geographical Indication linked to the development of the region? The results showed that only the Gross Domestic Product per capita is not sufficient to prove a record of Geographic Indication was actually implemented successfully in a certain region or not, however it can be observed that in the developed regions the trend is much higher.

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