Polanyi und North

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-277
Author(s):  
Birger P. Priddat
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
Precise Analysis ◽  
Further Development

AbstractDouglass C. North developed his institutional economics in critical contrast to Polanyi’s reciprocity/exchange scheme. More precise analysis, however, allows North’s institutions to decode reciprocity, so that North’s theory appears not as a counterpoint to Polanyi, but as a further development – albeit with partially opposite consequences. This contrast is illustrated through the reconstruction of the ancient economy.

Roman History

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
James Corke-Webster
Keyword(s):  
Roman Republic ◽  
Social History ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Roman History ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
Ancient Economy

A bumper edition this time, by way of apology for COVID-necessitated absenteeism in the autumn issue. The focus is on three pillars of social history – the economy (stupid), law, and religion. First up is Saskia Roselaar's second monograph, Italy's Economic Revolution. Roselaar sets out to trace the contribution made by economics to Italy's integration in the Roman Republic, focusing on the period after the ‘conquest’ of Italy (post 268 bce). Doing so necessitates two distinct steps: assessing, first, how economic contacts developed in this period, and second, whether and to what extent those contacts furthered the wider unification of Italy under Roman hegemony. Roselaar is influenced by New Institutional Economics (hereafter NIE), now ubiquitous in studies of the ancient economy. Her title may be an homage to Philip Kay's Rome's Economic Revolution, but the book itself is a challenge to that work, which in Roselaar's view neglects almost entirely the agency of the Italians in the period's economic transformation. For Roselaar, the Italians were as much the drivers of change as the Romans; indeed, it is this repeated conviction that unifies her chapters.

Greek Epigraphy and Ancient Economics

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Bresson
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Ancient Economics ◽  
Greek Epigraphy ◽  
Land Exploitation

After initial comments on the role of Greek inscriptions as ‘archives’, this chapter reviews the drastic changes that have occurred since Finley's book of 1973 in the picture of the ancient economy, both by acknowledging development and growth, and by adopting new concepts, not least New Institutional Economics with its emphasis on transaction costs. The methodological impact of such new approaches is sketched in four fields, each of which is illustrated with epigraphic documentation: (1) production and growth, instancing technological advance, land exploitation and textile production; (2) finance, taxes, trade and prices, with emphasis on the need and opportunities for quantification; (3) money and coinage; and (4) the transformation of uncertainty into an assessment of risk, illustrated in respect of farming practices and recourse to consultation of oracles and curse-tablets.

Orthodoxy and heterodoxy in analyzing institutions

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 798-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Zafirovski
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Economic Sociology ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Interdisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Classical Economic ◽  
Further Development

The rediscovery and analytical reconstitution are present tendencies in much of social science, especially economics and sociology. The emergence and expansion of the so‐called new institutional economics exemplify these tendencies as do attempts at revival and rehabilitation of the old institutional economics. Analogous tendencies have been manifested in sociology by the further development of economic sociology, especially by various reformulations of its classical premise of institutional structuration and embeddedness of economic behavior. Nevertheless, much of mainstream economics tends to neglect or play down certain salient divergences between the latter's neoclassical or orthodox institutionalism, and heterodox or critical institutionalism advanced by the old institutional economics as well as by economic sociology. Identifies and elaborates such divergences between these seemingly homologous varieties of institutionalism. Since institutionalist varieties and tendencies in both economics and sociology are considered, represents a contribution to an interdisciplinary treatment of social institutions, a treatment originally proposed by the old institutional economics of Veblen et al., the German historical school as well as by Weberian‐Durkheimian classical economic sociology.

The Economy of Ancient Greece: A Conceptual Framework

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Alain Bresson
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
Greek Economy

This chapter describes the conceptual framework used by the book to study the economy of ancient Greece. It begins with a discussion of the debate between “primitivists,” represented by Karl Bücher, and “modernists,” represented by Eduard Meyer, over the nature of the ancient Greek economy. It considers Bücher's adherence to the so-called German Historical School of Political Economy and goes on to examine the views of Moses I. Finley and Max Weber regarding the ancient economy, Karl Polanyi's use of institutionalism as an approach to the study of the ancient economy, and the main assumptions of New Institutional Economics (NIE) with regard to the genesis and evolution of institutions. The chapter also analyzes the transaction costs theory and concludes with an assessment of criticisms against the classical economists' economic agent, the homo economicus, and the influence of constrained choices and limited rationality on economic performance.

scholarly journals Theory of Consumer Behavior in Economic Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Svetlana Sazanova
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Classical Political Economy ◽  
Neoclassical Economic Theory ◽  
Further Development

The aims of this article is to study the evolution of the theory of consumer behavior in economic science in the context of the ratio of rational and irrational motives of behavior and the answer to the question: can the theory of economic communications become an instrument for the further development of the theory of consumer behavior. The research methodology includes the method of rational reconstruction of scientific knowledge, the method of comparative analysis, the historical method, the method of scientific abstraction and others. The theoretical basis of the study is the work of representatives of various areas of economic thought in a historical context, including ancient philosophers, scholastics, mercantilists, representatives of classical political economy, neoclassical economic theory, behavioral economics, institutional economics, systemic economic theory.The author concludes that the further development of the theory of consumer behavior is possible based on a synthesis of the theory of productive consumption and the theory of economic communications.

Application of TEM to Deformation, Wear, and Fracture of Ceramics

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
B. J. Hockey
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Further Development

Ceramics, such as Al2O3 and SiC have numerous current and potential uses in applications where high temperature strength, hardness, and wear resistance are required often in corrosive environments. These materials are, however, highly anisotropic and brittle, so that their mechanical behavior is often unpredictable. The further development of these materials will require a better understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling deformation, wear, and fracture.The purpose of this talk is to describe applications of TEM to the study of the deformation, wear, and fracture of Al2O3. Similar studies are currently being conducted on SiC and the techniques involved should be applicable to a wide range of hard, brittle materials.

The stability of dislocation networks under various oxygen-doping conditions in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy single crystals and their influence on the flux pinning properties

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 802-803
Author(s):  
Y. Feng ◽  
X. Y. Cai ◽  
R. J. Kelley ◽  
D. C. Larbalestier
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Flux Pinning ◽  
Pinning Centers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anomalous Peak ◽  
Basal Plane Dislocation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Further Development

The issue of strong flux pinning is crucial to the further development of high critical current density Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) superconductors in conductor-like applications, yet the pinning mechanisms are still much debated. Anomalous peaks in the M-H (magnetization vs. magnetic field) loops are commonly observed in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy (Bi-2212) single crystals. Oxygen vacancies may be effective flux pinning centers in BSCCO, as has been found in YBCO. However, it has also been proposed that basal-plane dislocation networks also act as effective pinning centers. Yang et al. proposed that the characteristic scale of the basal-plane dislocation networksmay strongly depend on oxygen content and the anomalous peak in the M-H loop at ˜20-30K may be due tothe flux pinning of decoupled two-dimensional pancake vortices by the dislocation networks. In light of this, we have performed an insitu observation on the dislocation networks precisely at the same region before and after annealing in air, vacuumand oxygen, in order to verify whether the dislocation networks change with varying oxygen content Inall cases, we have not found any noticeable changes in dislocation structure, regardless of the drastic changes in Tc and the anomalous magnetization. Therefore, it does not appear that the anomalous peak in the M-H loops is controlled by the basal-plane dislocation networks.

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