scholarly journals Impact of Protein Intake during Weight Loss on Preservation of Fat-Free Mass, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Physical Function in Overweight Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Isabell Englert ◽  
Anja Bosy-Westphal ◽  
Stephan C. Bischoff ◽  
Kathrin Kohlenberg-Müller
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resting Energy

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Weight loss in old age increases the risk of sarcopenia caused by the age-related reduction of fat-free mass (FFM). Due to the strong correlation between FFM and resting energy expenditure (REE), the maintenance of this must also be considered. Besides, the physical function (PF) must be maintained. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The impact of protein intake on changes in FFM, REE, and PF during weight loss in overweight postmenopausal women was investigated. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fifty-four postmenopausal women (BMI 30.9 ± 3.4; age 59 ± 7 years) were randomized into 2 groups receiving energy-restricted diets with either 0.8 g (normal protein; NP) or 1.5 g protein/kg body weight (high protein; HP) for 12 weeks, followed by a 6-month follow-up phase with an ad libitum food intake. FFM, REE, and PF (strength, endurance, and balance) were measured at baseline, after weight loss, and after follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Forty-six women completed the weight loss intervention and 29 were followed up. The weight loss was –4.6 ± 3.6 kg (HP) and –5.2 ± 3.4 kg (NP; both <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and the weight regain during follow-up was 1.3 ± 2.8 kg (HP; <i>p</i> = 0.03) and 0.4 ± 2.5 kg (NP; <i>p</i> = 0.39), with no differences between groups. Similar decreases in FFM (–0.9 ± 1.1 [HP] vs. –1.0 ± 1.3 kg [NP]) and REE (–862 ± 569 [HP] vs. –1,000 ± 561 kJ [NP]; both <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) were observed in both groups. During follow-up, no changes in FFM were detected in either group, whereas in the NP group the REE increased again (+138 ± 296; <i>p</i> = 0.02). The main determinants of FFM loss were the energy deficit and the speed of weight loss. In the NP group, the Short Physical Performance Battery score improved with weight loss (+0.6 ± 0.8; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and handgrip strength decreased (–1.7 ± 3.4 kg; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), whereas no changes were observed in the HP group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> An HP weight-loss diet without exercise had no impact on preservation of FFM and REE but may help to maintain muscle strength in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Resting Energy Expenditure in Subjects with Severe Obesity and Its Evolution After Bariatric Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzamaria Fidilio ◽  
Marta Comas ◽  
Miguel Giribés ◽  
Guillermo Cárdenas ◽  
Ramón Vilallonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Successful Weight Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resting Energy

Abstract Purpose One major determinant of weight loss is resting energy expenditure (REE). However, data regarding REE is scarce in patients with severe obesity (SO)—BMI>50kg/m2. Most studies used equation in order to estimate REE and not indirect calorimetry (IC) (gold standard). Additionally, there is no reliable data on the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on REE. Objectives (a) To evaluate the REE in patients with SO; (b) to compare REE measured by IC (mREE) to that calculated by Mifflin St-Jeor equation (eREE); (c) to evaluate the impact of BS on REE and the relationship with evolution post-BS. Material and Methods Single-center observational study including consecutive patients with SO between January 2010 and December 2015, candidates for BS. mREE was determined at baseline, and 1 and 12 months post-BS by IC, using a Vmax metabolic monitor. Results Thirty-nine patients were included: mean age 46.5±11.77 years, 64.1%women. Preoperative mREE was 2320.38±750.81 kcal/day. One month post-BS, the mREE significantly decreased (1537.6 ± 117.46 kcal/day, p = 0.023) and remained unchanged at 12 months (1526.00 ± 123.35 kcal/day; p =0.682). Reduction in mREE after the BS was a predictor of reaching successful weight loss (nadir) and weight regain (5 years follow-up) (AUCROC of 0.841 (95%CI [0.655–0.909], p=0.032) and AUCROC of 0.855 (95% CI [0.639–0.901]), p= 0.027, respectively). eREE was not valid to identify these changes. Conclusion In patients with SO, a significant reduction of mREE occurs 1 month post-BS, unchanged at 12 months, representing the major conditioning of successful weight loss and maintenance post-BS. Graphical abstract

Resting energy expenditure in girls with Turner syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Binder ◽  
Laura Frank ◽  
Julian Ziegler ◽  
Gunnar Blumenstock ◽  
Roland Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Resting Energy

AbstractBackground:Knowledge concerning energy metabolism in Turner syndrome (TS) is lacking. We compared the resting energy expenditure per fat-free mass (REE/FFM) in TS with other girls with short stature treated with growth hormone (GH) and age-related controls.Methods:We measured prospectively REE by spirometry under fasting conditions in the morning in 85 short prepubertal girls at the start of GH treatment. Diagnoses were TS (n=20), GH deficiency (GHD) (n=38) and small for gestational age (SGA) short stature (n=27). Additionally, 20 age-related controls were studied. Mean ages were 8.3 (TS), 7.1 (GHD), 6.9 (SGA) and 8.5 years (controls). Mean heights were −2.90 (TS), −3.32 (GHD), −3.69 (SGA) and −0.03 standard deviation scores (SDS) (controls). FFM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).Results:At the start of GH girls with TS showed insignificantly higher REE per FFM (REE/FFM) (mean±SD; 65±9 kcal/kg×day) than did the other female patients (62±9 kcal/kg×day) (p>0.23). The healthy controls had significantly lower REE/FFM (35±4 kcal/kg×day) (p<0.001). Follow-up examination of the patients after 6 or 12 months revealed decreasing REE/FFM in TS (62±9 kcal/kg×day) resulting in comparable REE/FFM in all three patient groups.Conclusions:At baseline short girls with TS had insignificantly higher REE/FFM than short children with SGA or GHD, but in follow-up this difference was not detectable any more. Future studies are necessary to understand this observation.

scholarly journals Changes in Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation Resulting from Weight Loss in Obese Men and Women: Is There an Important Contribution of Leptin?1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1550-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Doucet ◽  
Sylvie St. Pierre ◽  
Natalie Alméras ◽  
Pascale Mauriège ◽  
Denis Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of weight loss and its related metabolic and hormonal changes on resting energy expenditure (REE) and substrate oxidation. Forty subjects (16 men and 24 women) took part in a 15-week weight loss program that consisted of drug therapy (fenfluramine, 60 mg/day) or placebo coupled to an energy restriction (−700 Cal/day). Subjects were asked to come to the laboratory after an overnight fast for an indirect calorimetry measurement before and after weight loss. Fasting blood samples were also drawn and were analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and free fatty acid determinations. This program reduced body weight by 11% and 9% (P &lt; 0.01) in men and women, respectively. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were also significantly reduced in both sexes. A significant decrease in REE (13%; P &lt; 0.01) and fat oxidation (11%; P = 0.08) was observed in men in response to this program, whereas no significant differences were noted for these variables in women. In men, positive correlations were found between changes in FFM and energy-related variables, whereas the best predictor of changes in REE and substrate oxidation was the change in FM in women. The most important finding of this study is that in men, the association between changes in fasting plasma leptin and changes in REE (r = 0.50; P &lt; 0.01) and fat oxidation (r = 0.63; P &lt; 0.01) persist after correction for changes in body composition. These results suggest that a comparable weight loss is accompanied by a greater decrease in REE and substrate oxidation in men than in women, and that these changes are better explained by changes in leptinemia in men and by changes in FM in women.

The contribution of fat-free mass to resting energy expenditure: implications for weight loss strategies in the treatment of adolescent obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Browning ◽  
Ronald K. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Weight Loss Outcomes ◽  
Resting Energy

AbstractOwing to the strong relationship between fat-free mass (FFM) and resting energy expenditure (REE), the preservation of FFM is often emphasized in the treatment of adolescent obesity. Typical treatment regimens including an increased dietary consumption of protein and participation in resistance training are common components of adolescent weight management programs, despite limited evidence of a positive influence of FFM on weight loss outcomes in adolescents. Given the larger volume of FFM in obese relative to normal weight adolescents and the common treatment goals of both maximizing weight loss and attenuating the loss of FFM, a better understanding of the influence of FFM on energy balance is needed to determine whether strategies to preserve lean tissue or maximize absolute weight loss should be most emphasized. We review the associations among FFM, REE, and weight loss outcomes, focusing on how these relationships might influence energy balance in obese adolescents.

scholarly journals High Compared with Moderate Protein Intake Reduces Adaptive Thermogenesis and Induces a Negative Energy Balance during Long-term Weight-Loss Maintenance in Participants with Prediabetes in the Postobese State: A PREVIEW Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs Drummen ◽  
Lea Tischmann ◽  
Blandine Gatta-Cherifi ◽  
Mikael Fogelholm ◽  
Anne Raben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Adaptive Thermogenesis ◽  
Resting Energy

ABSTRACT Background Weight loss has been associated with adaptations in energy expenditure. Identifying factors that counteract these adaptations are important for long-term weight loss and weight maintenance. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether increased protein/carbohydrate ratio would reduce adaptive thermogenesis (AT) and the expected positive energy balance (EB) during weight maintenance after weight loss in participants with prediabetes in the postobese state. Methods In 38 participants, the effects of 2 diets differing in protein/carbohydrate ratio on energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) were assessed during 48-h respiration chamber measurements ∼34 mo after weight loss. Participants consumed a high-protein (HP) diet (n = 20; 13 women/7 men; age: 64.0 ± 6.2 y; BMI: 28.9 ± 4.0 kg/m 2) with 25:45:30% or a moderate-protein (MP) diet (n = 18; 9 women/9 men; age: 65.1 ± 5.8 y; BMI: 29.0 ± 3.8 kg/m 2) with 15:55:30% of energy from protein:carbohydrate:fat. Predicted resting energy expenditure (REEp) was calculated based on fat-free mass and fat mass. AT was assessed by subtracting measured resting energy expenditure (REE) from REEp. The main outcomes included differences in components of energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and AT between groups. Results EB (MP = 0.2 ± 0.9 MJ/d; HP = −0.5 ± 0.9 MJ/d) and RQ (MP = 0.84 ± 0.02; HP = 0.82 ± 0.02) were reduced and REE (MP: 7.3 ± 0.2 MJ/d compared with HP: 7.8 ± 0.2 MJ/d) was increased in the HP group compared with the MP group (P &lt; 0.05). REE was not different from REEp in the HP group, whereas REE was lower than REEp in the MP group (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, EB was positively related to AT (rs = 0.74; P &lt; 0.001) and RQ (rs = 0.47; P &lt; 0.01) in the whole group of participants. Conclusions In conclusion, an HP diet compared with an MP diet led to a negative EB and counteracted AT ∼34 mo after weight loss, in participants with prediabetes in the postobese state. These results indicate the relevance of compliance to an increased protein/carbohydrate ratio for long-term weight maintenance after weight loss. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01777893.

scholarly journals Resistance Training Conserves Fat-free Mass and Resting Energy Expenditure Following Weight Loss

Obesity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Hunter ◽  
Nuala M. Byrne ◽  
Bovorn Sirikul ◽  
José R. Fernández ◽  
Paul A. Zuckerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Resting Energy

scholarly journals No consistent evidence of a disproportionately low resting energy expenditure in long-term successful weight-loss maintainers

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M Ostendorf ◽  
Edward L Melanson ◽  
Ann E Caldwell ◽  
Seth A Creasy ◽  
Zhaoxing Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Successful Weight Loss ◽  
Resting Energy

Abstract Background Evidence in humans is equivocal in regards to whether resting energy expenditure (REE) decreases to a greater extent than predicted for the loss of body mass with weight loss, and whether this disproportionate decrease in REE persists with weight-loss maintenance. Objectives We aimed to1) determine if a lower-than-predicted REE is present in a sample of successful weight-loss maintainers (WLMs) and 2) determine if amount of weight loss or duration of weight-loss maintenance are correlated with a lower-than-predicted REE in WLMs. Design Participants (18–65 y old) were recruited in 3 groups: WLMs (maintaining ≥13.6 kg weight loss for ≥1 y, n = 34), normal-weight controls [NCs, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) similar to current BMI of WLMs, n = 35], and controls with overweight/obesity (OCs, BMI similar to pre–weight-loss maximum BMI of WLMs, n = 33). REE was measured (REEm) with indirect calorimetry. Predicted REE (REEp) was determined via 1) a best-fit linear regression developed with the use of REEm, age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass from our control groups and 2) three standard predictive equations. Results REEm in WLMs was accurately predicted by equations developed from NCs and OCs (±1%) and by 3 standard predictive equations (±3%). In WLMs, individual differences between REEm and REEp ranged from −257 to +163 kcal/d. A lower REEm compared with REEp was correlated with amount of weight lost (r = 0.36, P < 0.05) but was not correlated with duration of weight-loss maintenance (r = 0.04, P = 0.81). Conclusions We found no consistent evidence of a significantly lower REE than predicted in a sample of long-term WLMs based on predictive equations developed from NCs and OCs as well as 3 standard predictive equations. Results suggest that sustained weight loss may not always result in a substantial, disproportionately low REE. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03422380.

scholarly journals Is There a Contribution of Structural Brain Phenotypes to the Variance in Resting Energy Expenditure before and after Weight Loss in Overweight Females?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2759
Author(s):  
Corinna Geisler ◽  
Manfred J. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Brain ◽  
Resting Energy

Brain gray (GM) and white matter (WM) are associated with resting energy expenditure (REE). The impact of weight loss on GM and WM masses, as well as on their associations with REE and the ratio between body and brain metabolism, i.e., encephalic measure (EM)), are unknown. Longitudinal data of 69 female Caucasian subjects (age range 19–69 years) with detailed information on fat mass (FM), fat free mas (FFM), GM, WM and REE. Mean weight loss was 14.5 ± 11.9 kg with changes in FM (−12.9 ± 9.8 kg), FFM (−1.7 ± 4.8 kg) and REE (−159 ± 191 kcal/24 h) (all p < 0.05). With weight loss, there were no changes in GM and WM. Before and after weight loss, FFM was the main determinant of REE (r2 = 0.483 and 0.413; p < 0.05). After weight loss, GM added to the variances in REE (3.6%), REEadjFFM (6.1%) and the REE on FFM residuals (6.6%). In addition, before and after weight loss GM explained 25.0% and 10.0% of the variances in EM (p < 0.05). Weight loss had no effect on volumes of GM and WM. After weight loss, both, GM added to the variances of REE, REE on FFM residuals and EM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document