Resting Energy Expenditure and Related Factors in 6- to 9-Year-Old Southern African Children of Diverse Population Groups

Lower resting energy expenditure (REE) may partially explain the disproportionate prevalence of overweight/obesity among black African women. As no previous studies have investigated the REE of Southern African (South. Afr.) children, we aimed to determine, by sex and population group, the REE of 6- to 9-year-old urban school children. In a cross-sectional study with quota sampling, REE was measured with indirect calorimetry (IC). Confounders considered were: body composition (BC) (fat-free mass (FFM), FFM index, fat mass (FM), FM index), assessed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, and physical activity (PA) measured with a pedometer. Multivariate regression was used to calculate REE adjusted for phenotypes (BC, z-scores of weight-for-age, height-for-age, body mass index-for-age) and PA. Sex and population differences in REE were determined with two-way ANOVA. Ninety-four healthy children (59.6% girls; 52.1% black) with similar socioeconomic status and PA opportunities participated. Despite BC variations, sex differences in REE were not significant (41 kcal/day; P = 0.375). The REE of black participants was lower than of white (146 kcal/day; P = 0.002). When adjusted for FFM and HFA z-score, the differences in REE declined but remained clinically meaningful at 91 kcal/day (P = 0.039) and 82 kcal/day (P = 0.108), respectively. We recommend the development of population-specific REE prediction equations for South. Afr. children.

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Resting energy expenditure in girls with Turner syndrome

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2016-0295 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Gerhard Binder ◽

Laura Frank ◽

Julian Ziegler ◽

Gunnar Blumenstock ◽

Roland Schweizer

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Short Stature ◽

Turner Syndrome ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Gh Treatment ◽

Age Related ◽

Resting Energy

AbstractBackground:Knowledge concerning energy metabolism in Turner syndrome (TS) is lacking. We compared the resting energy expenditure per fat-free mass (REE/FFM) in TS with other girls with short stature treated with growth hormone (GH) and age-related controls.Methods:We measured prospectively REE by spirometry under fasting conditions in the morning in 85 short prepubertal girls at the start of GH treatment. Diagnoses were TS (n=20), GH deficiency (GHD) (n=38) and small for gestational age (SGA) short stature (n=27). Additionally, 20 age-related controls were studied. Mean ages were 8.3 (TS), 7.1 (GHD), 6.9 (SGA) and 8.5 years (controls). Mean heights were −2.90 (TS), −3.32 (GHD), −3.69 (SGA) and −0.03 standard deviation scores (SDS) (controls). FFM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).Results:At the start of GH girls with TS showed insignificantly higher REE per FFM (REE/FFM) (mean±SD; 65±9 kcal/kg×day) than did the other female patients (62±9 kcal/kg×day) (p>0.23). The healthy controls had significantly lower REE/FFM (35±4 kcal/kg×day) (p<0.001). Follow-up examination of the patients after 6 or 12 months revealed decreasing REE/FFM in TS (62±9 kcal/kg×day) resulting in comparable REE/FFM in all three patient groups.Conclusions:At baseline short girls with TS had insignificantly higher REE/FFM than short children with SGA or GHD, but in follow-up this difference was not detectable any more. Future studies are necessary to understand this observation.

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Resting energy expenditure from DXA: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.2.22263/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Claudia Rossini Venturini ◽

Analiza Mónica Silva ◽

Pedro Pugliesi Abdalla ◽

André Pereira Santos ◽

Franciane Goes Borges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Whole Body ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Bias Analysis ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resting Energy

Abstract Background: The traditional methods used to estimate Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) is bases of the indirect calorimetry (IC) is a global approach, and does not consider the different metabolic activities of organs (heart, kidney and liver), bone tissue (BT), adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle tissue (SMT). Then, our objective is to validate a 3C approach model of REE measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) based on IC. Methods: Participated in this cross-sectional study 155 college students, both sexes (18 to 30 years old). Anthropometric measures, REEs estimated via IC and whole-body DXA-scan (3C approach) were determined. The REE of each component was determined after transforming the DXA components at the molecular level to the organ tissue level. Bland-Altman and proportional bias analysis were used to verify agreement between methods (IC and DXA). Results: The results show significant ( p<0.05 ) higher fat-free mass index (FFMI), cranial area and residual tissue (RT) in men. And they have smaller amounts of fat mass (FM) and AT in comparison to women. Also higher REEs ( p <0.001) were found among men for all components in comparison to women, except for AT expenditure ( p <0.001). Conclusions: This approach has important implications for the interpretation of multicomponent energy metabolism, considering interpersonal differences in terms of heat production. It is a strategy applicable in the health and sports contexts to prescribe exercises and diets because it shows the REE magnitude of each body component.

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Metabolically active components of fat free mass and resting energy expenditure in nonobese adults

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.2.e308 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 278 (2) ◽

pp. E308-E315 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Kirsten Illner ◽

Gisbert Brinkmann ◽

Martin Heller ◽

Anja Bosy-Westphal ◽

Manfred J. Müller

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Standard Error ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Active Components ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽

Resting Energy

Resting energy expenditure (REE) and components of fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed in 26 healthy nonobese adults (13 males, 13 females). Detailed body composition analyses were performed by the combined use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and anthropometrics. We found close correlations between REE and FFMBIA ( r = 0.92), muscle massDEXA( r = 0.89), and sum of internal organsMRI( r = 0.90). In a multiple stepwise regression analysis, FFMBIA alone explained 85% of the variance in REE (standard error of the estimate 423 kJ/day). Including the sum of internal organsMRI into the model increased the r 2 to 0.89 with a standard error of 381 kJ/day. With respect to individual organs, only skeletal muscleDEXAand liver massMRI significantly contributed to REE. Prediction of REE based on 1) individual organ masses and 2) a constant metabolic rate per kilogram organ mass was very close to the measured REE, with a mean prediction error of 96 kJ/day. The very close agreement between measured and predicted REE argues against significant variations in specific REEs of individual organs. In conclusion, the mass of internal organs contributes significantly to the variance in REE.

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Accuracy of predictive equations for evaluation of resting energy expenditure in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25229/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thaiciane Grassi ◽

Francesco Pinto Boeno ◽

Mauren Minuzzo de Freitas ◽

Tatiana Pedroso de Paula ◽

Luciana Vercoza Viana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Predictive Equations ◽

Resting Energy

Abstract Background Evaluation of the resting energy expenditure (REE) is essential to ensure an appropriate dietary prescription for patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of predictive equations for REE estimation in patients with type 2 diabetes, considering indirect calorimetry (IC) as the reference method.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 62 patients (31 men and 31 women) with type 2 diabetes. Clinical and laboratory variables were evaluated, as well as body composition by electrical bioimpedance. The REE was measured by IC (QUARK RMR, Cosmed, Rome, Italy) and estimated by predictive equations. Data were analyzed using Bland–Altman plots, paired t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients.Results Patients in the sample had a mean age of 63.1 ± 5.2 years, median diabetes duration of 11 (1–36) years, and mean A1C of 7.6 ± 1.2%. Body composition analysis revealed a mean fat free mass of 35.2 ± 11.8 kg and fat mass of 29.1 ± 8.8 kg. There was wide variation in the accuracy of REE values predicted by equations when compared to those measured by IC. For women, the FAO/WHO/UNO equation provided the best REE prediction in comparison to measured REE (-1.8% difference). For men, the Oxford equation yielded values closest to those measured by IC (-1.3% difference).Conclusions In this sample of the patients with type 2 diabetes, the best predictive equations to estimate REE were FAO/WHO/UNO and Oxford for women and men, respectively.

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Resting Energy Expenditure, Body Composition and Phase Angle in Anorectic, Ballet Dancers and Constitutionally Lean Males

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030502 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 502 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Maurizio Marra ◽

Rosa Sammarco ◽

Emilia De Filippo ◽

Carmela De Caprio ◽

Enza Speranza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Phase Angle ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

The Other ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ballet Dancers ◽

Qualitative Changes ◽

Resting Energy

Background: The prevalence of anorexia nervosa among males is increasing but few data are available in the literature. This cross sectional study aims to evaluate resting energy expenditure (REE) and phase angle as a marker of qualitative changes of fat free mass (FFM) in three leanness groups as compared with control subjects. Methods: 17 anorectic (AN) males, 15 constitutionally lean (CL) individuals, 12 ballet dancers (DC), and 18 control (CTR) subjects were evaluated. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry (V max29- Sensormedics), and body composition was evaluated by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) at 50 kHz (DS Medica). Phase angle (a bioimpedance variable related to nutritional status) was used to evaluate differences in FFM characteristics between these three types of leanness. Results: REE, adjusted for FFM and fat mass (FM), were significantly higher in CL and lower in AN individuals (1783 ± 47 vs. 1291 ± 58 kcal, p < 0.05) compared to the other groups. Body composition was similar in AN and CL whereas dancers had the highest FFM (58.9 ± 4.8 kg, p < 0.05); anorectic males showed the lowest phase angle (5.8 ± 1.2 degrees vs. other groups, p < 0.05) and dancers the highest phase angle (7.9 ± 0.7 degree vs. other group, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings confirm that phase angle could be a useful marker of qualitative changes, above all in the field of sport activities. On the other hand, there is the need to further evaluate the relationship between resting energy expenditure, body composition and endocrine status in different conditions of physical activity and dietary intake.

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Resting Energy Expenditure of Black Overweight Women in South Africa Is Lower than of White Women

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000447720 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 24-30

Author(s):

Natascha Olivier ◽

Friedeburg A.M. Wenhold ◽

Piet Becker

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

White Women ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

African Women ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Estimation Equations ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Resting Energy

Background: Overweight affects 65% of black South African women. Effective weight management requires accurate measurement or estimation of energy expenditure. Aims: The study aimed to determine, among overweight women, whether measured resting energy expenditure (REE) differs between black and white participants, and the performance of REE estimation equations. Methods: The REE of 44 black (age 39.6 ± 9.7 years, body mass index (BMI) 35.1 ± 6.2 kg/m2) and 41 white (age 38.0 ± 11.6 years, BMI 33.9 ± 7.6 kg/m2) women was measured with indirect calorimetry and estimated with equations. Body composition was assessed with multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Differences in REE were determined with t tests (Welch), and included adjustment for fat free mass (FFM) and BMI, and for FFM index (FFMI). Results: Measured REE was 585 kJ/day (95% CI 264-905; p = 0.0005) and 861 kJ/day (95% CI 499-1,221; p < 0.0001) lower in black than in white women when adjusted for FFM and BMI, and FFMI, respectively. Out of 14 equations, 13 underestimated REE (error range 2,261 ± 727 kJ/day (Bernstein equation, white women) to 8 ± 782 kJ/day (BMI equation, black women)). Conclusions: Black overweight women have significantly lower REE than their white counterparts. No tested estimation equation provided satisfactory results across race/ethnicity. REE measurements or development of overweight- or race/ethnicity-specific estimation equations are recommended.

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Association of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone with Resting Energy Expenditure in Euthyroid Elderly Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000441625 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 12-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anja Nagel ◽

Andre Spinneker ◽

Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resting Energy ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Background: Several studies have reported positive correlations between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and body mass index (BMI) in euthyroid subjects. As impaired thyroid function is known to affect the metabolic rate, this study investigated whether TSH is associated with resting energy expenditure (REE) in euthyroid elderly subjects, independent of age, anthropometric data and body composition. Methods: Cross-sectional data of 77 women (66-96 years, BMI 18-36 kg/m2) and 55 men (66-86 years, BMI 20-39 kg/m2) were analyzed. REE was measured using indirect calorimetry, body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis and serum TSH using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: REE, fat-free mass (FFM) and waist circumference (WC) were significantly lower, whereas TSH and fat mass (FM) were significantly higher in women than in men. In multiple stepwise regression analysis, with age-adjusted REE (REEadj) as the dependent variable and FFM, FM and WC as independent variables, FFM and WC explained 40.7% in women and FFM 32.8% in men of the variability in REEadj. Including TSH in the model led to a significant rise of the adjusted R-squared value in women only, and explained an additional 2.8% of the variability in REEadj. Conclusions: TSH is independently and negatively associated with REE in euthyroid elderly women.

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RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN WOMEN WITH CROHN’S DISEASE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

10.26226/morressier.59a6b34bd462b80290b5597f ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nicola Imperatore

Keyword(s):

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resting Energy

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Resting Energy Expenditure in Obese Women with Primary Hypothyroidism and Appropriate Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. e1741-e1748 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Emanuele Muraca ◽

Stefano Ciardullo ◽

Alice Oltolini ◽

Francesca Zerbini ◽

Eleonora Bianconi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Primary Hypothyroidism ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Women ◽

Resting Energy

Abstract Context Growing evidence suggests that appropriate levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy may not correct the full set of metabolic defects afflicting individuals with hypothyroidism. Objective To assess whether obese subjects with primary hypothyroidism are characterized by alterations of the resting energy expenditure (REE). Design Retrospective analysis of a set of data about obese women attending the outpatients service of a single obesity center from January 2013 to July 2019. Patients A total of 649 nondiabetic women with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 and thyrotropin (TSH) level 0.4–4.0 mU/L were segregated into 2 groups: patients with primary hypothyroidism taking LT4 therapy (n = 85) and patients with normal thyroid function (n = 564). Main outcomes REE and body composition assessed using indirect calorimetry and bioimpedance. Results REE was reduced in women with hypothyroidism in LT4 therapy when compared with controls (28.59 ± 3.26 vs 29.91 ± 3.59 kcal/kg fat-free mass (FFM)/day), including when adjusted for age, BMI, body composition, and level of physical activity (P = 0.008). This metabolic difference was attenuated only when adjustment for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was performed. Conclusions This study demonstrated that obese hypothyroid women in LT4 therapy, with normal serum TSH level compared with euthyroid controls, are characterized by reduced REE, in line with the hypothesis that standard LT4 replacement therapy may not fully correct metabolic alterations related to hypothyroidism. We are not able to exclude that this feature may be influenced by the modulation of insulin sensitivity at the liver site, induced by LT4 oral administration.

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