Notes on home range and habitat use of three small carnivore species in a disturbed vegetation mosaic of southeastern Brazil / Notes sur le territoire et l'utilisation de l'habitat de trois espèces de petits carnivores dans une végétation mosaïque perturbée au Sud Est du Brésil

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Michalski ◽  
Peter G. Crawshaw ◽  
Tadeu Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Marta Elena Fabián

AbstractThe home range and habitat use of three carnivore species was investigated in a disturbed forest of southeastern Brazil. Three jaguarundis ( Herpailurus yagouaroundi ), two crab-eating foxes ( Cerdocyon thous ), and two tayras ( Eira barbara ) were radio-tracked to test the hypothesis that home ranges and habitat use would differ between the proportion of habitat types available. The largest home ranges were those of one male jaguarundi (2047 ha) and the male crab-eating fox (1053 ha). The smallest were those of the females of crab-eating fox (48 ha) and jaguarundi (188 ha). The female jaguarundi was the only individual to show a significant difference between observed and expected habitat use. All species used disturbed habitats (secondary forest, grassland savanna, and Eucalyptus plantation) to varying degrees. Thus, these species showed great flexibility in their use of disturbed habitats.

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Michalski ◽  
Peter G. Crawshaw ◽  
Tadeu Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Marta Elena Fabián

AbstractThe home range and habitat use of three carnivore species was investigated in a disturbed forest of southeastern Brazil. Three jaguarundis ( Herpailurus yagouaroundi ), two crab-eating foxes ( Cerdocyon thous ), and two tayras ( Eira barbara ) were radio-tracked to test the hypothesis that home ranges and habitat use would differ between the proportion of habitat types available. The largest home ranges were those of one male jaguarundi (2047 ha) and the male crab-eating fox (1053 ha). The smallest were those of the females of crab-eating fox (48 ha) and jaguarundi (188 ha). The female jaguarundi was the only individual to show a significant difference between observed and expected habitat use. All species used disturbed habitats (secondary forest, grassland savanna, and Eucalyptus plantation) to varying degrees. Thus, these species showed great flexibility in their use of disturbed habitats.


2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Emi de Faria Oshima ◽  
Marcos César de Oliveira Santos

Abstract Home range studies provide significant insights on social organization and interactions, limiting resources and habitat use. Knowledge on home range and habitat use by Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis , is still scarce. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze individual’s home ranges of Guiana dolphins in the Cananéia Estuary (~25°03′S, 47°55′W), located in southeastern Brazil. Photo-identification efforts were conducted between 2000 and 2010. From a total of 135,918 pictures taken, 34,086 (25%) were useful for individual identification. Two-hundred and five individuals were cataloged based on permanent notches along dorsal fin borders. Of the cataloged individuals, 31 had been identified a minimum of 20 times, on distinct dates, prior to this analysis. Home ranges were estimated for these individuals using 4 methods: minimum convex polygon (MCP), adaptive kernel with least-squares cross-validation (AKLSCV), fixed kernel with reference bandwidth (FKHREF), and fixed kernel with least-squares cross-validation (FKLSCV). The sizes of the estimated home ranges varied between 2.2 and 43.8 km 2 ( X¯ = 17.5 km 2 ) with MCP, between 0.8 and 82.5 km 2 ( X¯ = 15.6 km 2 ) with AKLSCV, between 3.9 and 244 km 2 ( X¯ = 72.4 km 2 ) with FKHREF, and from 0.6 to 70.6 km 2 ( X¯ = 13.5 km 2 ) with FKLSCV. Significant differences in size and shape of the generated areas were detected when comparing the 4 tested methods. Variation of individual’s home range sizes and an extensive overlap among home ranges of different Guiana dolphins in the Cananéia Estuary provide evidence that the region supports important resources for this species. Therefore, preventing habitat loss in this region is essential to guaranteeing the persistence of this population. O estudo sobre o uso de área pode fornecer informações sobre organização social e interações, recursos limitantes e sobre o uso de habitat. Ainda é escasso o conhecimento sobre como o boto-cinza, Sotalia guianensis usa seu habitat. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar as áreas de uso individuais de S. guianensis no estuário de Cananéia (~25°03′S; 47°55′W), localizado no sudeste brasileiro. Os esforços de foto-identificação foram realizados entre os anos de 2000 e 2010. De um total de 135.918 fotografias tomadas, 34.086 (25%) foram úteis para identificações individuais. Duzentos e cinco indivíduos foram catalogados através das marcas permanentes presentes em suas nadadeiras dorsais. Dentre os indivíduos catalogados, 31 foram identificados ao menos em 20 ocasiões, em dias distintos, antes destas análises. As áreas de uso foram estimadas para estes indivíduos utilizando quatro métodos distintos: mínimo polígono convexo (MPC), kernel adaptativo com largura determinada pelo método de validação cruzada de quadrados mínimos (AKLSCV), kernel fixo com largura de referência (FKHREF) e kernel fixo com largura determinada pelo método de validação cruzada de quadrados mínimos (FKLSCV). Os tamanhos das áreas de uso geradas variaram entre 2,2 e 43,8 km 2 ( X¯ = 17,5 km 2 ) com o uso do MPC, 0,8 e 82,5 km 2 ( X¯ = 15,6 km 2 ) com o uso do AKLSCV, 3,9 e 244 km 2 ( X¯ = 72,4 km 2 ) com o uso do FKHREF, e de 0,6 a 70,6 km 2 ( X¯ = 13,5 km 2 ) com o uso do FKLSCV. Foram detectadas diferenças significativas no tamanho e formato das áreas geradas pelos quatro métodos testados. Variações nos tamanhos das áreas de uso individuais e a extensa sobreposição entre diferentes áreas de uso dos botos-cinza no estuário de Cananéia fornecem evidências de que a região provê recursos importantes para esta espécie. Portanto, prevenir a perda de habitat na região é essencial para garantir a persistência dessa população.


1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Eckstein ◽  
Thomas F. O'Brien ◽  
Orrin J. Rongstad ◽  
John G. Bollinger

The effects of snowmobile traffic on the winter home-ranges, movements, and activity patterns, of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), were studied during two winters in northern Wisconsin. There were no significant differences in home-range size and habitat use of the Deer in areas with and without snowmobiling. However, snowmobiling caused some Deer to leave the immediate vicinity of the snowmobile trail. Deer were most affected when they were within 61 m of the snowmobile trail.


1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Horsup

The home range and movements of the allied rock wallaby, Petrogale assimilis, a small macropod of the seasonally wet-dry tropics of Queensland, were studied over a 22-month period. There was no significant difference in the size of home ranges (95% isopleth) or core areas (65% isopleth) of males and females. Home ranges were generally elliptical with a mean size of 11.9 ha. Season had a major effect on home ranges. The following measures were all significantly greater in the dry seasons than in the wet seasons: home-range size (larger), home-range shape (more elongate), distance moved by females when feeding (longer), distance between shelter site and home-range centre of activity (longer). Feeding movements of males did not vary seasonally and were as long as dry-season movements of females, suggesting that movements of males are primarily determined by behavioural rather than physiological considerations. The overlap of rock-wallaby home ranges varied little between the sexes or seasons and averaged 38%. Core areas overlapped by an average of 22%; however, feeding adult rock-wallabies rarely met other conspecifics, except their partners. A comparison of the fixes of unpaired wallabies that had overlapping home ranges showed that temporal separation was occurring. In contrast, the home ranges of consort pairs showed extremely high temporal and spatial overlap. Rock-wallabies exhibited strong fidelity to their home ranges. The overlap of the seasonal home ranges and core areas of each individual rock wallaby averaged 68% and 52%, respectively. However, the seasonal home range of a socially immature adult male altered in location and size as he matured socially until it stabilised when he obtained a permanent consort.


2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina J. Yeatman ◽  
Adrian F. Wayne

An understanding of the factors that influence the distribution of the woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) at local and regional scales has been identified as a key knowledge gap, because such knowledge may assist in the recovery of this endangered species. We aimed to investigate the seasonal home-range size and habitat use of woylies to update current knowledge of the species in the context of a substantial decline. Specifically, we examined the home range and habitat use of woylies reintroduced into a sanctuary free from invasive predators and compared these data to those from an external reference site. Eight woylies inside the sanctuary and seven outside were radio-tracked in autumn 2011. The average home-range size was 65.4 (±8.2, s.e.) ha. There was little evidence to suggest any difference in home-range size between woylies inside and outside the sanctuary. Woylies were more likely to be found in the slope and low-lying valley habitats, which have greater water-holding capacity and sandier soils. These relatively large seasonal home ranges, compared with previously published estimates for the species, may be accounted for by low population density, lower seasonal food availability and clustered food distribution. Monitoring the home-range size of woylies within the sanctuary may assist in identifying the carrying capacity of the sanctuary, which has implications for how this population is managed.


2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Molsher ◽  
Chris Dickman ◽  
Alan Newsome ◽  
Warren Müller

Twenty-one feral cats were radio-tracked using direct sighting and triangulation techniques (amassing 730 location fixes) during winter in an agricultural landscape in central-western New South Wales. Factors affecting home-range size, home-range overlap and habitat use were assessed. Mean home-range size was 248 ha (s.e. = 34.9, n = 15 cats, 598 location fixes). Home-range size and habitat use were not influenced by sex or age of adult cats, prey abundance or time of day. However, cat weight significantly influenced range size, with heavier cats having larger ranges than smaller cats. Although the cats are apparently solitary, their home ranges overlapped considerably, particularly between young adults and old adult cats. Cats were active both by day and night and did not occupy permanent dens. Home ranges encompassed mixed habitat types that provided both shelter and prey. Open woodland and open forest were the main habitat types covered by home ranges, but within these areas cats showed a preference for grassland, where rabbits were more abundant. The results recorded in this study indicate that cat-control programs should concentrate in mixed habitat areas, where both shelter and food are available, and over widely dispersed areas. The absence of group living suggests that the effectiveness of virally vectored fertility or biological control agents would be limited.


1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bent Otto Poulsen

ABSTRACTTwo mixed-species bird flocks were studied in a high-altitude humid secondary forest in the Andes of Ecuador. Birds were mist-netted and colour-ringed for individual identification. The flocks (A and B) were followed to record structure, dynamics, home range and activity pattern. All observations of the two flocks studied included members from all vertical levels, which is different from flocks of Amazonia. In two nucleus species, some individuals alternated between the flocks, a feature not previously reported. Various tanagers were loosely associated, joining and leaving flocks. Minimum home-range sizes of flocks A and B were 4.2 ha and 7.8 ha, respectively. Some individuals of two species used an area encompassing the home ranges of both flocks. Mean flock sizes in A and B were 21.7 and 44.7 individuals, whereas the mean numbers of species were 13.7 and 21.7, respectively. Number of species and individuals were high compared to even most lowland flocks. Altogether, mixed-species flocks in different habitats and at various latitudinal and altitudinal sites appear to have some features in common, but others are highly distinct. Compared to the great stability of Amazonian flocks, some high-altitude flocks of secondary forest in the Andes appear to be more dynamic and unstable.


2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Puckey ◽  
Milton Lewis ◽  
David Hooper ◽  
Carrie Michell

Radio-telemetry was used to examine the home range, movement and habitat utilisation of the critically endangered Carpentarian rock-rat (Zyzomys palatalis) in an isolated habitat patch in the Gulf of Carpentaria hinterland over a 13-month period. Two home-range estimators were used in the study, (i) minimum convex polygon (MCP) and (ii) fixed Kernel (KL), the latter also being used to estimate core areas of activity. Based on a total sample size of 21 individuals, the mean MCP home range was 11 165 m2, similar to the mean KL home range of 10 687 m2. Core areas were, on average, 11.9% of the KL home-range estimate. There was no significant difference in the size of home range or core area of males and females. Juveniles had a significantly smaller home range than adults. Home ranges and, to a lesser degree, core areas were non-exclusive, with multiple areas of overlap (averaging 41% and 38% respectively) within and between all age and gender categories, but especially between males and between juveniles. Movement frequencies showed that animals made many short forays in a central area close to the arithmetic home-range mean and far fewer long forays of distances greater than 100 m from the central area. The spatial and temporal activity of Z. palatalis was concentrated in, but not confined to, the 'valley' and 'slope' habitats, with fewer movements of rats onto the surrounding 'plateau'. Resource selection analyses showed that Z. palatalis tended to prefer valley and slope habitats over the plateau and that the proportion of point locations was significantly higher for adults in the slope habitat and for juveniles in the valley habitat. Most home ranges were centred on the ecotone between these two habitat types. Although isolated and spatially limited, these habitat patches provide high-quality resources for dense populations of Z. palatalis. This study exemplifies a species' attempt to make efficient use of a limited resource in an otherwise hostile environment. Even small declines in habitat area or quality due to their vulnerability to fire would impact upon many animals.


1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Jolicoeur ◽  
Michel Crête

Survival, movements, home ranges, habitat selection, and diets of 13 orphaned and 13 non-orphaned moose calves were compared during their first winter. Survival of four other calves that became separated from their mothers was also monitored. The study took place during three winters between December 1978 and April 1983. Overall, winter survival rates between the two groups did not differ. When mortality did occur, it involved solitary (orphaned and separated) calves during a severe winter. Movements and home-range sizes of the two groups were also similar. Biomass of forage on winter sites, forage utilization, and importance of tree cover were similar on sites chosen by orphaned and non-orphaned calves. Minor differences were observed in the order of preference of browse species. Five solitary calves were involved in either temporary or permanent associations with other moose.


The Auk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Moskát ◽  
Miklós Bán ◽  
Attila Fülöp ◽  
Judit Bereczki ◽  
Márk E Hauber

Abstract Obligate brood parasitic birds have evolved a rare avian strategy for reproduction by laying eggs in the nests of other species. In doing so, their breeding ranges, but not necessarily their foraging habitats, have become intimately related to the nesting territories of their hosts. We studied home range sizes and distribution patterns in Common Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) on their breeding grounds in central Hungary, where cuckoos parasitize only Great Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) in channel-side reed-beds at a high frequency (>50%). The geographic coordinates of tagged cuckoos were monitored by high-precision, remotely downloadable non-Platform Terminal Transmitter global positioning system (GPS) loggers, attached to 9 females and 6 males. Our results revealed bimodal use of habitat patches: (1) the home ranges of male and female cuckoos were packed densely along the channels where the hosts breed, and their distribution maps had high overlaps between sexes; (2) ~71% of cuckoos also visited nearby woodland patches, presumably for foraging, where the host species was not present. The size of cuckoo home ranges varied to an unusually great extent: 0.3–185 km2 as calculated by the minimum convex polygon method (85%), or 1–17 km2 when calculated by the more suitable kernel density estimation (KDE) method (Utilization Distribution 85%) for patchy habitats. Male and female cuckoos had similar home range sizes as estimated by the KDE method, consisting of 1–4 areas within the 2 habitat types of channel reed-beds and woodlands. No preference was revealed for night roosting locations between the 2 habitats or sexes. Female cuckoos were more likely to use reed-beds in the afternoons, when females parasitize host nests. Remote downloadable GPS methods offer an effective way of tracking cuckoos across large areas, but the estimation of home range sizes requires caution due to this species’ patchy and disconnected habitat use.


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