Species richness and ethnozoological annotations on mammals at the Boanamo indigenous community, Waorani territory, Orellana and Pastaza provinces, Ecuador

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-551
Author(s):  
Diego G. Tirira ◽  
Harold F. Greeney ◽  
Conan Omaca ◽  
Otobo Baihua ◽  
Ryan P. Killackey
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Nasua Nasua ◽  
Yasuni National Park ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Cultural Importance Index ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Rapid Ecological Assessment

AbstractWe present the results of a rapid ecological assessment conducted in 2012 in the community of Boanamo, in the Waorani Ethnic Reserve and Yasuní National Park, Orellana and Pastaza provinces, Ecuadorian Amazon. The study included surveys and observations of mammals by different methodologies over a 16-day sampling period. The results show the presence of 89 species of mammals, but there are several other mammal species expected in the area, increasing the projected diversity to 119 species, a high diverse community when compared with similar locations. Statistical analyses show that Boanamo is an area of high species richness and heterogeneity, consistent with comparable surveys in other areas of primary lowland rainforest in Amazonia. In addition, we documented nine distinct ways and 130 different usages in which 43 species are utilized in Boanamo. To estimate the importance of mammal diversity, we used a Cultural Importance Index, which shows that the species with the highest value are Panthera onca and Nasua nasua. However, the most frequently hunted species were Tayassu pecari and Lagothrix lagothricha. Our final conclusion is the community of Boanamo is entirely dependent on the surrounding forest, and mammals are an important part of their culture and subsistence.

scholarly journals Rapid ecological assessment of mammals from a locality of middle basin at Palmar River, Zulia state, Venezuela

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Belkis A. Rivas ◽  
Arnaldo Ferrer ◽  
Olga L. Herrera-Trujillo ◽  
David A. Prieto-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Key Words ◽  
First Record ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Rapid Ecological Assessment

Here we present the results from a rapid ecological assessment of mammals within Campo Boscán, located in the middle basin of the Palmar River in Zulia state, Venezuela. Records for species inventories were obtained from mist-nets and traps surveys and direct observation across three-vegetation types; we also include data from surveys to local communities. We identified 47 mammal species–representing 24 families and nine orders–, including the first record of the Hairy Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris hirsuta) for the Maracaibo Lake Depression region. Orders Chiroptera, Rodentia and Carnivora represented the most diverse and abundant taxa. Insectivores and carnivores were the most diverse trophic groups. Approximately 13% of the species are included within some threat category. Our results can be used for developing future monitoring programs in order to increase the knowledge on terrestrial vertebrates and biodiversity in general within the region. Key words: Ecology, species richness, mammals, Maracaibo Lake Depression, Zulia state

Monitoring indicates rapid and severe decline of native small mammals in Kakadu National Park, northern Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Z. Woinarski ◽  
M. Armstrong ◽  
K. Brennan ◽  
A. Fisher ◽  
A. D. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
National Park ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Mammal Fauna

Context. Australia has a lamentable history of mammal extinctions. Until recently, the mammal fauna of northern Australia was presumed to have been spared such loss, and to be relatively intact and stable. However, several recent studies have suggested that this mammal fauna may be undergoing some decline, so a targeted monitoring program was established in northern Australia’s largest and best-resourced conservation reserve. Aims. The present study aims to detect change in the native small-mammal fauna of Kakadu National Park, in the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia, over the period of 1996–2009, through an extensive monitoring program, and to consider factors that may have contributed to any observed change. Methods. The small-mammal fauna was sampled in a consistent manner across a set of plots established to represent the environmental variation and fire regimes of Kakadu. Fifteen plots were sampled three times, 121 plots sampled twice and 39 plots once. Resampling was typically at 5-yearly intervals. Analysis used regression (of abundance against date), and Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests to assess change. For resampled plots, change in abundance of mammals was related to fire frequency in the between-sampling period. Key results. A total of 25 small mammal species was recorded. Plot-level species richness and total abundance decreased significantly, by 54% and 71%, respectively, over the course of the study. The abundance of 10 species declined significantly, whereas no species increased in abundance significantly. The number of ‘empty’ plots increased from 13% in 1996 to 55% in 2009. For 136 plots sampled in 2001–04 and again in 2007–09, species richness declined by 65% and the total number of individuals declined by 75%. Across plots, the extent of decline increased with increasing frequency of fire. The most marked declines were for northern quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus, fawn antechinus, Antechinus bellus, northern brown bandicoot, Isoodon macrourus, common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, and pale field-rat, Rattus tunneyi. Conclusions. The native mammal fauna of Kakadu National Park is in rapid and severe decline. The cause(s) of this decline are not entirely clear, and may vary among species. The most plausible causes are too frequent fire, predation by feral cats and invasion by cane toads (affecting particularly one native mammal species). Implications. The present study has demonstrated a major decline in a key conservation reserve, suggesting that the mammal fauna of northern Australia may now be undergoing a decline comparable to the losses previously occurring elsewhere in Australia. These results suggest that there is a major and urgent conservation imperative to more precisely identify, and more effectively manage, the threats to this mammal fauna.

scholarly journals Medium and large-sized mammals in a Cerrado area of the state of Goiás, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieferson Da Costa Estrela ◽  
Daniele Cipriano de Souza ◽  
Joyce Moreira de Souza ◽  
André Luis da Silva Castro
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
National Level ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Mammal Fauna ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Accumulation Curves

Brazilian mammal fauna is considered to be the richest of the Neotropical region. However, in several regions of the country, there are gaps in the knowledge of its mammal fauna. Thus, we conducted a survey of the medium and large-sized mammal species in the fragmented Cerrado region in the southeast area of the state of Goiás. Nonlinear transects were conducted in 28 sessions over 13 months using direct observation methods, indirect observation methods (scratches, footprints, feces and lairs) and camera trapping. Twenty-five species belonging to eight orders were recorded. The species richness estimated by the Jackknife 1 method was 24.89 (±1.61) species in the transects and 16.88 (±1.29) species in camera trap, with stabilization of the species accumulation curves. Among the recorded species, 5 were endangered at the national level, and three were globally endangered. The high species richness found in the area in addition to the presence of endangered species highlights the need for conservation measures for the study site.

scholarly journals Biodiversity hanging by a thread: the importance of fungal litter-trapping systems in tropical rainforests

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake L. Snaddon ◽  
Edgar C. Turner ◽  
Tom M. Fayle ◽  
Chey V. Khen ◽  
Paul Eggleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Dramatic Reduction ◽  
Experimental Removal ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Vital Resource

The exceptionally high species richness of arthropods in tropical rainforests hinges on the complexity of the forest itself: that is, on features such as the high plant diversity, the layered nature of the canopy and the abundance and the diversity of epiphytes and litter. We here report on one important, but almost completely neglected, piece of this complex jigsaw—the intricate network of rhizomorph-forming fungi that ramify through the vegetation of the lower canopy and intercept falling leaf litter. We show that this litter-trapping network is abundant and intercepts substantial amounts of litter (257.3 kg ha −1 ): this exceeds the amount of material recorded in any other rainforest litter-trapping system. Experimental removal of this fungal network resulted in a dramatic reduction in both the abundance (decreased by 70.2 ± 4.1%) and morphospecies richness (decreased by 57.4 ± 5.1%) of arthropods. Since the lower canopy levels can contain the highest densities of arthropods, the proportion of the rainforest fauna dependent on the fungal networks is likely to be substantial. Fungal litter-trapping systems are therefore a crucial component of habitat complexity, providing a vital resource that contributes significantly to rainforest biodiversity.

scholarly journals Assessing mammal species richness and occupancy in a Northeast Asian temperate forest shared by cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Feng ◽  
Yifei Sun ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Yuqi Xiao ◽  
Dandan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Northeast Asian

Seasonality in a taxocoenosis of molluscs from soft bottoms in the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain)

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. Rueda ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Casado ◽  
Carmen Salas ◽  
Serge Gofas
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Soft Bottom ◽  
Soft Bottoms ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The macrofauna of molluscs associated with soft bottoms in the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain) was studied monthly from February 1994 to January 1996. The number of species (63) is high for a soft bottom and is related to environmental characteristics (growth of macrophytes) and the biogeographical setting of the studied area. Corbula gibba (∼90%) was the dominant species in this taxocoenosis together with the gastropod Nassarius pygmaeus and the bivalves Pandora inaequivalvis, Parvicardium exiguum and Macoma melo. The most frequent species during the two years was also the bivalve Corbula gibba (100%) followed by the gastropods Nassarius pygmaeus, Tricolia tenuis, Rissoa membranacea and the bivalve Macoma melo. Total abundance of the taxocoenosis in both years reached higher values in spring. The dynamics of the ecological indices such as diversity or evenness, and the species richness showed a similar pattern in both years, with low values of diversity and evenness together with high species richness in spring and summer months and the reverse in autumn and winter. The qualitative correspondence analysis of monthly samples shows an ordination related to seasonality in both studied years, however the values of Jaccard's coefficient do not indicate significant boundaries among the monthly samples. The quantitative correspondence analysis shows an ordination and grouping of samples related to the biology of species, particularly with the recruitment of C. gibba, the dominant species. The existence of similar trends in the structure of the taxocoenoses over both years, and the seasonality highlighted by the qualitative correspondence analysis, seems to indicate a certain stability of the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Species delimitation at a global scale reveals high species richness with complex biogeography and patterns of symbiont association in Peltigera section Peltigera (lichenized Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes)

Taxon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Magain ◽  
Camille Tniong ◽  
Trevor Goward ◽  
Dongling Niu ◽  
Bernard Goffinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
High Species Richness

scholarly journals Is polychaete diversity in the deep sublittoral of an Antarctic fiord related to habitat complexity?

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pabis ◽  
Jacek Siciński
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Soft Bottom ◽  
Admiralty Bay ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
South Shetlands ◽  
High Species Richness

Is polychaete diversity in the deep sublittoral of an Antarctic fiord related to habitat complexity?Seventy-six species of Polychaeta were found in 19 quantitative samples collected in the deep sublittoral (200-500 m) of Admiralty Bay (South Shetlands). Three assemblages were distinguished by similarity analysis (clustering, nMDS). The soft bottom in depths from 200 to 300m was strongly dominated byMaldane sarsi antarcticaand had very low species richness and diversity. The second assemblage was distinguished in the areas of the sea floor in the same depth range but with aggregations of Ascidiacea and Bryozoa. It was again characterized by high abundance ofMaldane sarsi antarctica, but showed significantly higher species richness and diversity. Diversity of polychaete feeding guilds was also high in these areas. This pattern was probably associated with an increased habitat complexity due to the presence of dense aggregations of large suspension feeders. High species richness and diversity was also noted in the third assemblage, associated with the deepest sublittoral (400-500 m) of Admiralty Bay. This is the area characterized by very stable environmental conditions, where the assemblage was dominated byTharyx cincinnatus, Sternaspissp.,Maldane sarsi antarctica, andAsychis amphiglypta.

scholarly journals Arctiinae moths (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) of the Emas National Park, Goiás, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Moreno ◽  
Viviane G Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
National Park ◽  
New Records ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Center Of Diversity ◽  
High Species Richness

Arctiinae are a species-rich subfamily of moth, with approximately 1,400 species in Brazil and 723 recorded in the Cerrado biome. A list of species of these moths was compiled during three years of sampling in four vegetation types within the Emas National Park. A total of 5,644 individuals belonging to 149 species were collected. About 67% of these species are new records for the Emas National Park, 31% for the State of Goiás and 9% for the Cerrado biome. Cerrado sensu stricto and semideciduous forests have higher species richness, followed by campo cerrado and campo sujo. The vegetation type with the highest number of exclusive species was the semideciduous forest, followed by cerrado sensu stricto, campo cerrado and campo sujo. The high species richness and the high proportion of new species records for Goiás and Cerrado reinforce the importance of the Emas National Park region as a center of diversity for this group of moths. The conservation of areas not yet cleared around the Park, including the creation of new protected areas, and the establishment of ecological corridors between these areas and the Park would be strategies to preserve the fauna of these moths.

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