Recent progress in engineering the Casimir effect – applications to nanophotonics, nanomechanics, and chemistry

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 523-536
Author(s):  
Tao Gong ◽  
Matthew R. Corrado ◽  
Ahmed R. Mahbub ◽  
Calum Shelden ◽  
Jeremy N. Munday
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Classical Electrodynamics ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Repulsive Forces

AbstractQuantum optics combines classical electrodynamics with quantum mechanics to describe how light interacts with material on the nanoscale, and many of the tricks and techniques used in nanophotonics can be extended to this quantum realm. Specifically, quantum vacuum fluctuations of electromagnetic fields experience boundary conditions that can be tailored by the nanoscopic geometry and dielectric properties of the involved materials. These quantum fluctuations give rise to a plethora of phenomena ranging from spontaneous emission to the Casimir effect, which can all be controlled and manipulated by changing the boundary conditions for the fields. Here, we focus on several recent developments in modifying the Casimir effect and related phenomena, including the generation of torques and repulsive forces, creation of photons from vacuum, modified chemistry, and engineered material functionality, as well as future directions and applications for nanotechnology.

scholarly journals Thermal Casimir effect with general boundary conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Muñoz-Castañeda ◽  
L. Santamaría-Sanz ◽  
M. Donaire ◽  
M. Tello-Fraile
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Casimir Forces ◽  
Thermal Correction ◽  
Frequency Independent ◽  
Scalar Quantum

Abstract In this paper we study the system of a scalar quantum field confined between two plane, isotropic, and homogeneous parallel plates at thermal equilibrium. We represent the plates by the most general lossless and frequency-independent boundary conditions that satisfy the conditions of isotropy and homogeneity and are compatible with the unitarity of the quantum field theory. Under these conditions we compute the thermal correction to the quantum vacuum energy as a function of the temperature and the parameters encoding the boundary condition. The latter enables us to obtain similar results for the pressure between plates and the quantum thermal correction to the entropy. We find out that our system is thermodynamically stable for any boundary conditions, and we identify a critical temperature below which certain boundary conditions yield attractive, repulsive, and null Casimir forces.

scholarly journals Zeta Functions and the Cosmos—A Basic Brief Review

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Emilio Elizalde
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Zeta Functions ◽  
Harmonic Series ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Dynamical Casimir Effect ◽  
Quantum Theories ◽  
Hard Problems ◽  
Physical Quantities

This is a very basic and pedagogical review of the concepts of zeta function and of the associated zeta regularization method, starting from the notions of harmonic series and of divergent sums in general. By way of very simple examples, it is shown how these powerful methods are used for the regularization of physical quantities, such as quantum vacuum fluctuations in various contexts. In special, in Casimir effect setups, with a note on the dynamical Casimir effect, and mainly concerning its application in quantum theories in curved spaces, subsequently used in gravity theories and cosmology. The second part of this work starts with an essential introduction to large scale cosmology, in search of the observational foundations of the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model, and the cosmological constant issue, with the very hard problems associated with it. In short, a concise summary of all these interrelated subjects and applications, involving zeta functions and the cosmos, and an updated list of the pioneering and more influential works (according to Google Scholar citation counts) published on all these matters to date, are provided.

scholarly journals Harvesting the loss: surface plasmon-based hot electron photodetection

Nanophotonics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Jason G. Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Hot Electrons ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
Absorption Loss ◽  
Hot Carriers ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Chemical Catalysis ◽  
Photothermal Heating ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractAlthough the nonradiative decay of surface plasmons was once thought to be only a parasitic process within the plasmonic and metamaterial communities, hot carriers generated from nonradiative plasmon decay offer new opportunities for harnessing absorption loss. Hot carriers can be harnessed for applications ranging from chemical catalysis, photothermal heating, photovoltaics, and photodetection. Here, we present a review on the recent developments concerning photodetection based on hot electrons. The basic principles and recent progress on hot electron photodetectors are summarized. The challenges and potential future directions are also discussed.

Green Synthesized Nanomaterials as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment: Principles, Challenges and the Road Ahead

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pala Rajasekharreddy ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Siddhardha Busi ◽  
Jobina Rajkumari ◽  
Ming-Hong Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Insight Into

With the emergence of nanotechnology, new methods have been developed for engineering various nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Nanotheranostics is a burgeoning research field with tremendous prospects for the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. However, the development of biocompatible and efficient drug/gene delivery theranostic systems still remains a challenge. Green synthetic approach of nanoparticles with low capital and operating expenses, reduced environmental pollution and better biocompatibility and stability is a latest and novel field, which is advantageous over chemical or physical nanoparticle synthesis methods. In this article, we summarize the recent research progresses related to green synthesized nanoparticles for cancer theranostic applications, and we also conclude with a look at the current challenges and insight into the future directions based on recent developments in these areas.

Duality beyondPersons and Groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 391-413
Author(s):  
Sophie Mützel ◽  
Ronald Breiger
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Affiliation Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Principle Of Duality ◽  
Seminal Article

This chapter focuses on the general principle of duality, which was originally introduced by Simmel as the intersection of social circles. In a seminal article, Breiger formalized Simmel’s idea, showing how two-mode types of network data can be transformed into one-mode networks. This formal translation proved to be fundamental for social network analysis, which no longer needed data on who interacted with whom but could work with other types of data. In turn, it also proved fundamental for the analysis of how the social is structured in general, as many relations are dual (e.g. persons and groups, authors and articles, organizations and practices), and are thus susceptible to an analysis according to duality principles. The chapter locates the concept of duality within past and present sociology. It also discusses the use of duality in the analysis of culture as well as in affiliation networks. It closes with recent developments and future directions.

scholarly journals Shaping Dynamical Casimir Photons

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Diego A. R. Dalvit ◽  
Wilton J. M. Kort-Kamp
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Microscopic Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Dynamical Casimir Effect ◽  
Photon Pairs ◽  
Time Quantum

Temporal modulation of the quantum vacuum through fast motion of a neutral body or fast changes of its optical properties is known to promote virtual into real photons, the so-called dynamical Casimir effect. Empowering modulation protocols with spatial control could enable the shaping of spectral, spatial, spin, and entanglement properties of the emitted photon pairs. Space–time quantum metasurfaces have been proposed as a platform to realize this physics via modulation of their optical properties. Here, we report the mechanical analog of this phenomenon by considering systems in which the lattice structure undergoes modulation in space and in time. We develop a microscopic theory that applies both to moving mirrors with a modulated surface profile and atomic array meta-mirrors with perturbed lattice configuration. Spatiotemporal modulation enables motion-induced generation of co- and cross-polarized photon pairs that feature frequency-linear momentum entanglement as well as vortex photon pairs featuring frequency-angular momentum entanglement. The proposed space–time dynamical Casimir effect can be interpreted as induced dynamical asymmetry in the quantum vacuum.

Dual‐hormone artificial pancreas for management of type 1 diabetes: Recent progress and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Infante ◽  
David A. Baidal ◽  
Michael R. Rickels ◽  
Andrea Fabbri ◽  
Jay S. Skyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Future Directions
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