Mapping variation of handsheet properties within loblolly pine trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence R. Schimleck ◽  
Finto Antony ◽  
Christian Mora ◽  
Joseph Dahlen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Important Paper ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Property Data ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Sheet Density ◽  
Handsheet Properties

Abstract Within-tree variation of four handsheet properties (burst index, sheet density, STFI short-span compression strength (STFI) and tensile index) was mapped for loblolly pine trees aged 13 and 22 years using NIR predicted handsheet property data (representing an average of 18 trees for each age). All within-tree maps were similar demonstrating a radial decrease in handsheet properties at all heights, with sheet density and tensile index having the greatest within-tree variation. The corewood zone had the highest values for all properties, while the lowest values were observed in a region consistent with juvenile and transitional outerwood as defined by Burdon et al. (2004). The maps are also similar to, but the inverse of, maps reported in prior studies for density and tracheid coarseness and wall thickness. Relationships amongst the examined handsheet properties and wood and tracheid properties explains the overall similarities of the different maps. The maps provide a representation of within-tree variation of important paper properties at two different ages. An understanding of how these properties vary within loblolly pine trees can aid in better utilization of forest resources.

Multiple recycling of paperboard: Paperboard characteristics and maximum number of recycling cycles— Part I: Multiple recycling of corrugated base paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
FREDERIC KREPLIN ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽  
SAMUEL SCHABEL
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Base Paper ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Multiple Recycling

Paper for recycling is an important fiber source for the production of corrugated base paper. The change in production capacity toward more and more packaging papers affects the composition of paper for recycling and influences the paper quality. This research project investigated the influence of the multiple recycling of five different corrugated base papers (kraftliner, neutral sulfite semichemical [NSSC] fluting, corrugating medium, testliner 2, and testliner 3) on suspension and strength properties under laboratory conditions. The corrugated board base papers were repulped in a low consistency pulper and processed into Rapid-Köthen laboratory sheets. The sheets were then recycled up to 15 times in the same process. In each cycle, the suspension and the paper properties were recorded. In particular, the focus was on corrugated board-specific parameters, such as short-span compression test, ring crush test, corrugating medium test, and burst. The study results indicate how multiple recycling under laboratory conditions affects fiber and paper properties.

scholarly journals Modeling the impact of thinning on height development of dominant and codominant loblolly pine trees

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahadev Sharma ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart ◽  
Ralph L. Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
The Impact

Wood density of loblolly pine trees as affected by crown thinnings and harvest age in southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Dobner ◽  
Juergen Huss ◽  
Mário Tomazello Filho
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Pine Trees

scholarly journals ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF LOBLOLLY PINE STANDS IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL AS A RESULT OF DIFFERENT CROWN THINNING INTENSITIES1

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Dobner Jr ◽  
Dagoberto Stein de Quadros
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Crown Thinning ◽  
Log Price ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

ABSTRACT Approximately 1.6 million hectares of southern Brazil are cultivated with pines, and mainly with the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). More than one third of the stands belong to independent log producers, whose aim is to maximize their economic results. In this study, a thinning experiment was evaluated over a production period of 30 years. The stands evaluated were submitted to three different crown thinning intensities, with an unthinned stand used as a control. The aim of the study was to evaluate economic criteria regarding realistic discount rates and production periods varying between 16-30 years. For the circumstances that were evaluated, 'extreme' and early release from competition of pruned loblolly pine trees lead to the best economic performance (land expectation value = ~36,000 US$ ha-1, i = 3% yr-1). Stands subjected to crown thinnings, independently of intensity, produced three times the economic output of unthinned and unpruned stands. Although the optimal harvest ages, according to the internal rate of return, are between 18-22 years for thinned and unthinned stands, from a long-term perspective (land expectation value) and for the current relationship between log price and size, the optimal economic performance requires that production periods are extended (to 24-26 years) from those currently practised in southern Brazil (15-20 years).

Diameter Increment and Survival Equations for Loblolly Pine Trees Growing in Thinned and Unthinned Plantations on Cutover, Site-Prepared Lands

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Amateis ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart ◽  
Terese A. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Annual Probability ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Stand Conditions

Abstract Individual tree dbh increment and survival equations were developed for predicting annual dbh growth and annual probability of survival of loblolly pine trees in thinned and unthinned plantations on cutover, site-prepared lands. The dbh increment equation predicts dbh increment froma potential dbh growth function multiplied by a modifier function. The survival equations predicts the probability of survival as a function of crown ratio and the tree's competitive position in the stand. When used together, the equations should be useful to foresters interested in predictingfuture dbh and survival values for both thinned and unthinned stand conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 13(4):170-174.

Direct Effects of Wood Characteristics on Pulp and Handsheet Properties of Eucalyptus globulus

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wimmer ◽  
G.M. Downes ◽  
R. Evans ◽  
G. Rasmussen ◽  
J. French
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Handsheet Properties

Summary Fibre length, microfibril angle and wood density were measured in eight-year-old Eucalyptus globulus clones planted on three different sites. Samples were chipped and pulped, and the pulps beaten prior to preparation of 60g/m2 handsheets. Eleven physical handsheet properties, together with pulp freeness, were measured using standard methods. Direct relationships between wood properties and pulp/paper properties were studied using path analysis. Fibre length had a strong, direct effect on tear index, bending stiffness, freeness, pulp yield and active alkali consumption. Wood density was a strong predictor of most handsheet properties: high density woods produced bulkier, more porous sheets with higher bending stiffness, while lower density woods produced smoother, denser sheets with higher tensile strength.The effect of microfibril angle was small and more evident in handsheets made from beaten pulp.

Carboxymethylation Fiber of Dissolved Air Flotation Rejects and its Influences on Paper Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Hong Wang ◽  
Xian Liang Song ◽  
Hua Qian
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Carboxyl Content ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Dissolved Air

Fibers of dissolved air flotation rejects were been carboxymethylated to make dry strengthening agent. The effects of carboxymethylated time on carboxyl content, water retention value and physical properties of paper sheets were discussed. The effects of pH, dose of additive agent and additive aluminum sulfate on paper properties were discussed. The result show that carboxyl content and water retention values increased with the increasing of carboxymethylated time according to the research. IR analysis indicates that carboxymethyl has been connected to the surface of fibers. SEM micrographs shown that fibers were intergraded more closely benefit from the addition of dry strengthening agent. Tensile index, burst index and folding endurance respectively increased by 90.1% 101.8% and 833.3% on the condition: the additive agent amount 3%, pH 5, additive aluminum sulfate 0.5% of original pulp. Tensile index, burst index and folding endurance respectively increased by 74.0%, 87.8% and 877.8% when the carboxymethylated time was 110min for recycled pulp. This paper can be used as the theoretical basis for reusing of fiber of dissolved air flotation rejects.

Seasonal Abundance, Arrival and Emergence Patterns of Predaceous Hister Beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) Associated with Ips Engraver Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Louisiana

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Shepherd ◽  
Richard A. Goyer
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees

The most common predaceous hister beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) found associated with Ips engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in southern Louisiana were Platysoma attenuata LeConte, P. cylindrica (Paykull), P. parallelum (Say), and Plegaderus transversus (Say). The seasonal abundance of histerids caught in flight traps coincided with Ips spp. activity in the area. Histerid adults were initially caught in sticky traps on Ips-infested loblolly pine logs 1 wk after Ips spp. attacks had begun. As a group, histerids emerged from logs in a bimodal pattern with the first peak occurring during Ips spp. emergence and a second 4 wks later. The abundance of P. parallelum and P. transversus indicates that they likely fed on bark beetles and organisms arriving later in the colonization sequence. Visual orientation appeared to play a role in attraction of histerids to logs colonized by bark beetles. Platysoma attenuata preferred vertically-positioned logs to horizontal logs, while P. parallelum was the opposite. These results suggest that some histerids may be visually attracted to horizontal silhouettes, such as pine trees that have been blown down or felled and often are infested by Ips spp. Other hister beetles may prefer vertical silhouettes, such as standing pines, which tend to be colonized by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann.

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