scholarly journals State-of-the-art review of fabrication, application, and mechanical properties of functionally graded porous nanocomposite materials

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-371
Author(s):  
Ismail Barbaros ◽  
Yongmin Yang ◽  
Babak Safaei ◽  
Zhicheng Yang ◽  
Zhaoye Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Polymeric Nanocomposites ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Porous Nanocomposite ◽  
Acoustical Energy

Abstract Functionally graded porous (FGP) nanocomposites are the most promising materials among the manufacturing and materials sector due to their adjustable physical, mechanical, and operational properties for distinctive engineering applications for maximized efficiency. Therefore, investigating the underlying physical and materialistic phenomena of such materials is vital. This research was conducted to analyze the preparation, fabrication, applications, and elastic properties of functionally graded materials (FGMs). The research investigated for both porous and nonporous synthesis, preparation, and manufacturing methods for ceramics, metallic, and polymeric nanocomposites in the first section, which is followed by deep research of the development of elastic properties of the above-mentioned materials. Main nano-reinforcing agents used in FGMs to improve elastic properties were found to be graphene platelets, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers. In addition, research studied the impact of nano-reinforcing agent on the elastic properties of the FGMs. Shape, size, composition, and distribution of nano-reinforcing agents were analyzed and classified. Furthermore, the research concentrated on modeling of FGP nanocomposites. Extensive mathematical, numerical, and computational modeling were analyzed and classified for different engineering analysis types including buckling, thermal, vibrational, thermoelasticity, static, and dynamic bending. Finally, manufacturing and design methods regarding different materials were summarized. The most common results found in this study are that the addition of reinforcement units to any type of porous and nonporous nanocomposites significantly increases materialistic and material properties. To extend, compressive and tensile stresses, buckling, vibrational, elastic, acoustical, energy absorption, and stress distribution endurance are considerably enhanced when reinforcing is applied to porous and nonporous nanocomposite assemblies. Ultimately, the review concluded that the parameters such as shape, size, composition, and distribution of the reinforcing units are vital in terms of determining the final mechanical and materialistic properties of nanocomposites.

State of the art in functionally graded materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 113596
Author(s):  
Vasavi Boggarapu ◽  
Raghavendra Gujjala ◽  
Shakuntla Ojha ◽  
Sk Acharya ◽  
P. Venkateswara babu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials

Analytical and numerical investigation of the free vibration of functionally graded materials sandwich beams

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (110) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
S.H. Bakhy ◽  
M. Al-Waily ◽  
M.A. Al-Shammari
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Free Vibration ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Sandwich Beam ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Gradient Index ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: In this study, the free vibration analysis of functionally graded materials (FGMs) sandwich beams having different core metals and thicknesses is considered. The variation of material through the thickness of functionally graded beams follows the power-law distribution. The displacement field is based on the classical beam theory. The wide applications of functionally graded materials (FGMs) sandwich structures in automotive, marine construction, transportation, and aerospace industries have attracted much attention, because of its excellent bending rigidity, low specific weight, and distinguished vibration characteristics. Design/methodology/approach: A mathematical formulation for a sandwich beam comprised of FG core with two layers of ceramic and metal, while the face sheets are made of homogenous material has been derived based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Findings: The main objective of this work is to obtain the natural frequencies of the FG sandwich beam considering different parameters. Research limitations/implications: The important parameters are the gradient index, slenderness ratio, core metal type, and end support conditions. The finite element analysis (FEA), combined with commercial Ansys software 2021 R1, is used to verify the accuracy of the obtained analytical solution results. Practical implications: It was found that the natural frequency parameters, the mode shapes, and the dynamic response are considerably affected by the index of volume fraction, the ratio as well as face FGM core constituents. Finally, the beam thickness was dividing into frequent numbers of layers to examine the impact of many layers' effect on the obtained results. Originality/value: It is concluded, that the increase in the number of layers prompts an increment within the frequency parameter results' accuracy for the selected models. Numerical results are compared to those obtained from the analytical solution. It is found that the dimensionless fundamental frequency decreases as the material gradient index increases, and there is a good agreement between two solutions with a maximum error percentage of no more than 5%.

A state of the art in Functionally Graded Materials and their Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 3931-3936
Author(s):  
Prabhat Pradhan ◽  
Mihir Kumar Sutar ◽  
Sarojrani Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Porous Functionally Graded Femoral Prostheses with Improved Stress Shielding

Designs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morassa Jafari Chashmi ◽  
Alireza Fathi ◽  
Masoud Shirzad ◽  
Ramazan-Ali Jafari-Talookolaei ◽  
Mahdi Bodaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aseptic Loosening ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Hip Replacements ◽  
3D Finite Element Method ◽  
Better Than

One of the most important problems of total hip replacement is aseptic loosening of the femoral component, which is related to the changes of the stress distribution pattern after implantation of the prosthesis. Stress shielding of the femur is recognized as a primary factor in aseptic loosening of hip replacements. Utilizing different materials is one of the ordinary solutions for that problem, but using functionally graded materials (FGMs) could be better than the conventional solutions. This research work aims at investigating different porous FGM implants and a real femoral bone by a 3D finite element method. The results show that a neutral functionally graded prosthesis cannot extraordinarily make changes in the stress pattern of bone and prosthesis, but an increasing functionally graded prosthesis leads a lower level of stress in the prosthesis, and a decreasing functionally graded prosthesis can properly reduce the stress shielding among these three architectures. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to fill a gap in the state-of-the-art bio-implants, and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the design of porous femoral prostheses under normal walking loading conditions.

scholarly journals Bending of Symmetric Sandwich FGM Beams with Shear Connectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Dung Nguyen Thai ◽  
Phung Van Minh ◽  
Cuong Phan Hoang ◽  
Tam Ta Duc ◽  
Nhung Nguyen Thi Cam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
The Impact

This paper carries out the static bending analysis of symmetric three-layer functionally graded sandwich beams, in which each layer is made from different functionally graded materials, and they are connected by shear connectors due to sliding movement. The finite element formulations are based on Timoshenko’s first-order shear deformation beam theory (FSDT) and the finite element method to establish the equilibrium equation of beams. The calculation program is coded in the MATLAB environment, and then verification examples are given out to compare the numerical data of present work with those of exact open sources. The impact of several geometrical and material parameters on the mechanical response of the structure, such as the height-to-length ratio, boundary conditions, volume fraction index, and especially the shear coefficient of connectors, is being explored. When designing and using these types of structures in engineering practice, the computed results can be utilized as a valid reference.

Investigation of Stress Behavior in the Vicinity of Singular Points of Elastic Bodies Made of Functionally Graded Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Yu. Fedorov ◽  
Valerii P. Matveenko
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Singular Points ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
Elastic Bodies ◽  
Stress Behavior

This paper presents the results of analytical and numerical investigations into stress behavior in the vicinity of different types of singular points on two-dimensional (2D) elastic bodies made of functionally graded materials (FGMs). A variant of constructing eigensolutions for plane FGM wedges, where the elastic properties are represented as a series expansion with respect to the radial coordinates, was considered. It was shown that, in the vicinity of singular points, the stress behavior is determined by solving the problem for the corresponding homogeneous wedge, where the elastic characteristics coincide with the characteristics of FGMs at the wedge vertex. Numerical investigations were carried out to evaluate the stress state of elastic bodies containing FGM elements at singular points, where the type of boundary conditions changes or where dissimilar materials come into contact. The results of the calculations showed that the behavior of stresses in FGMs in the vicinity of singular points can also be determined from an analysis of the eigensolutions for the corresponding homogeneous wedges, where the elastic properties coincide with the elastic constants of FGMs at singular points and that the functionally graded properties are dependent on one or two polar coordinates.

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