scholarly journals Flower morphological diversity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum Presl) in Matara District, Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumana Azad ◽  
K.L. Wasantha Kumara ◽  
Gamini Senanayake ◽  
R.A.A.K. Ranawaka ◽  
D.K.N.G Pushpakumara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Type A ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Type B ◽  
Inflorescence Morphology ◽  
Single Flower ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract The cinnamon flowers exhibit protogynous dichogamy with 2 flower types “Type A” and “Type B” which first flowers during morning and evening respectively. This floral cycle causes a temporal barrier to the maintenance of elite breeding material and for hybridization with desired parents. Determination of variation in flower and inflorescence morphology can shed light on functional diversity in “Type A” and “Type B” flowers. In order to study these variations, a survey of cultivated cinnamon lands and wild habitats was conducted in fifteen locations in the Matara district. Peduncle length (PDL), flower length (FL), flower width (FW), and floral tube length (FTL) varied among cinnamon accessions collected. The variation in tepal shape was distinct: the two whorls of tepals of a single flower exhibited two shapes. The current investigation of differences in inflorescence, floral morphology and floral abnormalities of Cinnamomum verum provides information about their diversity, and recommends molecular analysis to further determine the genetic basis of two flower types in progynous dichogamy.

scholarly journals Varying Intensities of Introgression Obscure Incipient Venom-Associated Speciation in the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Mark J. Margres ◽  
Kenneth P. Wray ◽  
Dragana Sanader ◽  
Preston J. McDonald ◽  
Lauren M. Trumbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Type A ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Type B ◽  
Crotalus Horridus ◽  
Timber Rattlesnake ◽  
Evolutionary Forces

Ecologically divergent selection can lead to the evolution of reproductive isolation through the process of ecological speciation, but the balance of responsible evolutionary forces is often obscured by an inadequate assessment of demographic history and the genetics of traits under selection. Snake venoms have emerged as a system for studying the genetic basis of adaptation because of their genetic tractability and contributions to fitness, and speciation in venomous snakes can be associated with ecological diversification such as dietary shifts and corresponding venom changes. Here, we explored the neurotoxic (type A)–hemotoxic (type B) venom dichotomy and the potential for ecological speciation among Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) populations. Previous work identified the genetic basis of this phenotypic difference, enabling us to characterize the roles geography, history, ecology, selection, and chance play in determining when and why new species emerge or are absorbed. We identified significant genetic, proteomic, morphological, and ecological/environmental differences at smaller spatial scales, suggestive of incipient ecological speciation between type A and type B C. horridus. Range-wide analyses, however, rejected the reciprocal monophyly of venom type, indicative of varying intensities of introgression and a lack of reproductive isolation across the range. Given that we have now established the phenotypic distributions and ecological niche models of type A and B populations, genome-wide data are needed and capable of determining whether type A and type B C. horridus represent distinct, reproductively isolated lineages due to incipient ecological speciation or differentiated populations within a single species.

Determination of type A and type B trichothecenes in paprika and chili pepper using LC-triple quadrupole–MS and GC–ECD

Talanta ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1112-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco M. Valle-Algarra ◽  
Eva M. Mateo ◽  
Rufino Mateo ◽  
Jose V. Gimeno-Adelantado ◽  
Misericordia Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Triple Quadrupole ◽  
Type B

A rapid multiresidual determination of type A and type B trichothecenes in wheat flour by HPLC-ESI-MS

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Biancardi ◽  
M. Gasparini ◽  
C. Dall’Asta ◽  
R. Marchelli
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Esi Ms

Quantitative Determination of Type A and Type B Carbonate in Human Deciduous and Permanent Enamel by Means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Sønju Clasen ◽  
I.E. Ruyter
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Type A ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Type B ◽  
Ftir Spectrometry ◽  
Caries Progression ◽  
The Difference

Caries progression has been shown to be faster in the deciduous than in the permanent dentition. Several factors influence caries progression. Among these are variations in the chemical composition of the two enamel types. The carbonate ion is known to occupy two different positions in the hydroxyapatite structure of the enamel, the hydroxide position (A) and the phosphate position (B). Carbonate may be of different chemical importance in the two lattice positions. In the present study, a quantitative determination of the carbonate in the two different positions (type A and type B) in deciduous and permanent enamel was performed by FTIR spectrometry. Calibration curves, made with synthesized hydroxyapatites with carbonates in either position, were used to determine the quantity of type A and type B carbonates in both enamel types. The deciduous enamel contained significantly more type A carbonate than permanent enamel. The total carbonate content (sum of type A and type B carbonates) was also significantly higher in deciduous than in permanent enamel. TG analysis of enamel samples confirmed the quantitative carbonate determinations by FTIR spectrometry. The difference in carbonate content between deciduous and permanent enamel may be one of several factors contributing to faster caries progression in deciduous teeth.

Answers to the Sterlinski´s comments

2010 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Aupiais ◽  
V. Vivier
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Type A ◽  
Decision Threshold ◽  
Type B ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
The Bayesian Approach

AbstractRecently, the Bayesian approach has been considered in the standard ISO to refine the determination of the decision threshold by taking into account all accessible information such as type A and type B uncertainties. In a previous paper [1] and later a corrigendum [2], we had demonstrated that such treatment was not properly performed and we have developed a complete treatment without simplification, based on the Bayesian approach and Poisson distribution. A new law of distribution of the net counting knowing one experimental determination of the background was thus introduced. Here, we discuss the comments from S. Sterlinski about this law of distribution. All variables in bold and italic are random while all variables in italic style are numbers experimentally obtained after a measurement.

Simultaneous determination of type-A and type-B trichothecenes in rice by UPLC-MS/MS

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xingyuan Cao ◽  
Yanshen Li ◽  
Shupeng Yang ◽  
Jianzhong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B

scholarly journals Simultaneous determination of type-A and type-B trichothecenes in barley samples by GC–MS

Food Control ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1428-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ibáñez-Vea ◽  
Elena Lizarraga ◽  
Elena González-Peñas
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B

Biological and Morphological Studies on Low-Leukemia-Strain Mice with Hodgkin's-Like Neoplasia Induced by Serial Cell-Free Transmission of Leukemic Organs of SJL/J Strain Mice

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
S. Fujinaga ◽  
K. Maruyama ◽  
C.W. Williams ◽  
K. Sekhri ◽  
L. Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Type A ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Type B ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Serial Transfer ◽  
Strain Mouse ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Free Material

Yumoto and Dmochowski (Cancer Res.27, 2098 (1967)) reported the presence of mature and immature type C leukemia virus particles in leukemic organs and tissues such as lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, liver, and kidneys of SJL/J strain mice with Hodgki's-like disease or reticulum cell neoplasm (type B). In an attempt to ascertain the possibility that this neoplasia may be of viral origin, experiments with induction and transmission of this neoplasm were carried out using cell-free extracts of leukemic organs from an SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous disease.It has been possible to induce the disease in low-leukemia BALB/c and C3HZB strain mice and serially transfer the neoplasia by cell-free extracts of leukemic organs of these mice. Histological examination revealed the neoplasia to be of either reticulum cell-type A or type B. Serial transfer is now in its fifth passage. In addition leukemic spleen from another SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasm (type A) was set up in tissue culture and is now in its 141st serial passage in vitro. Preliminary results indicate that cell-free material of 39th tissue culture passage can reproduce neoplasia in BALB/c mice.

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