scholarly journals Texture and geochemistry of surface horizons of Arctic soils from a non-glaciated catchment, SW Spitsbergen

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Szymański ◽  
Janusz Siwek ◽  
Joanna Waścińska ◽  
Bronisław Wojtuń
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Lateral Moraine ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Geostatistical Approach ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractPhysical and chemical properties of Arctic soils and especially the properties of surface horizons of the soils are very important because they are responsible for the rate and character of plant colonization, development of vegetation cover, and influence the rate and depth of thawing of soils and development of active layer of permafrost during summer. The main aim of the present study is to determine and explain the spatial diversity of selected physical and chemical properties of surface horizons of Arctic soils from the non-glaciated Fuglebekken catchment located in the Hornsund area (SW Spitsbergen) by means of geostatistical approach. Results indicate that soil surface horizons in the Fuglebekken catchment are characterized by highly variable physical and chemical properties due to a heterogeneous parent material (marine sediments, moraine, rock debris), tundra vegetation types, and non-uniform influence of seabirds. Soils experiencing the strongest influence of seabird guano have a lower pH than other soils. Soils developed on the lateral moraine of the Hansbreen glacier have the highest pH due to the presence of carbonates in the parent material and a lack or presence of a poorly developed and discontinuous A horizon. The soil surface horizons along the coast of the Hornsund exhibit the highest content of the sand fraction and SiO2. The surface of soils occurring at the foot of the slope of Ariekammen Ridge is characterized by the highest content of silt and clay fractions as well as Al2O3, Fe2O3, and K2O. Soils in the central part of the Fuglebekken catchment are depleted in CaO, MgO, and Na2O in comparison with soils in the other sampling sites, which indicates the highest rate of leaching in this part of the catchment.

A soil toposequence on bunya phyllite in Brisbane

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
AJ Koppi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Genetic Unit ◽  
Dioctahedral Mica ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
In Situ Weathering ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A common toposequence on Bunya Phyllite in south-east Queensland was studied in detail at a representative site. Four sample profiles on the slope are described, and some physical and chemical properties are given. The clay minerals, derived from the weathering of the quartz-sericite-chlorite phyllite, comprise dioctahedral mica, dioctahedral vermiculite, an interstratification of these minerals, and kaolin. Properties are related to the slope; and the clay-rich horizon of the middle and lower slopes is considered to be formed mostly by in situ weathering. The classification of the genetic unit given by the slope and parent material is discussed.

scholarly journals Variability of morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils derived from carbonate-rich parent material in the Pieniny Mountains (south Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kowalska ◽  
Bartłomiej Kajdas ◽  
Tomasz Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Rock Material ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Calcite Veins ◽  
High Base ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Carbonate-rich soils are characterized by great diversity in content of carbonate and non-carbonate mineral substances in soil substrate which largely influences soil properties. The study presents the analysis results of four soil profiles located at the area of Pieniny National Park. The aim of this study was to characterize and classify the soils developed from the mixture of carbonate and carbonate-rich rock material, formerly classified as pararendzinas. It was achieved by determination of morphological, physical, and chemical properties, as well as mineralogical composition of selected carbonate-rich soils occurring in the Polish part of the Pieniny Mts. Soils were classified as typical chernozemic rendzina (P1), typical eutrophic brown soils (P2, P4), as well as typical pararendzina (P3) according to Polish Soil Classification (2011). The parent material of studied soils P1, P2 and P4 were slope covers, with a dominant share of sandstone and minor share of limestone, whereas soil P3 was formed from variegated shale cut with multiple calcite veins. Soils were characterized by stable aggregate structure: crumby, angular blocky and subangular blocky. They were medium or strong skeletal, mostly with loam texture with great share of silt fraction. CaCO3 content in genetic horizons ranged from 0.0 to 703.0 g·kg-1. The reaction of studied soils was from weakly acidic to alkaline. Analysed soils were characterized by very high base saturation. Among determined exchangeable cations, Ca2+ ions had the biggest share in all analysed profile. High base saturation, as well as high content of calcium carbonate was accompanied by content of organic matter and percentage content of clay fraction. Taking into consideration determined chemical and physical properties, it can be found that investigated soils were influenced by not only the in-situ weathering material but also by rock material which have been transported and deposited as a result of slope processes. Furthermore, the lack or lower content of CaCO3 in surface and middle part of analysed soil profiles was most likely a result of the impoverishment of rock material during the transport on the slope.

Properties and mineralogy of topsoil in the town of Longyearbyen (Spitsbergen, Norway)

Polar Record ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Wojciech Szymański ◽  
Janusz Siwek ◽  
Michał Skiba ◽  
Bronisław Wojtuń ◽  
Aleksandra Samecka-Cymerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Local Parent ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Town ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractSoil is one of the most important constituents of an ecosystem, playing a crucial role in many environmental reactions and processes. Despite the fact that many environmental studies were conducted in the vicinity of Longyearbyen, very little is known about the physical and chemical properties as well as mineralogy of soils occurring in this town. Thus, the main aims of this study were: (1) to determine the texture, chemical properties and mineralogy of the topsoil horizons of urban soils occurring in the Longyearbyen area (Spitsbergen, Norway); and (2) to determine and explain their spatial distribution within the area of Longyearbyen. In general, the topsoils are characterised by loamy texture; acidic reaction; quite high content of total organic carbon (TOC); high content of Si, Al and Fe; and low content of K, Na, Ca, Mg and P. Quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, mica and chlorite are the prevailing minerals. Differences in the concentration of TOC, total nitrogen and elements in the topsoils are mainly related to the diversity of texture and mineralogy of the local parent material and the development of vegetation cover. The results indicate that topsoils in Longyearbyen are characterised by the natural properties and are not strongly transformed by human activity. However, pollution of soil with trace elements related to coal mining should be checked.

Development and distribution of soils in the Merredin area, Western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bettenay ◽  
FJ Hingston
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Soil Pattern ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Broad Scale ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The soil pattern in the Merredin district of Western Australia is closely related to a number of readily recognizable landscape features. An understanding of these relationships is proving useful in broad-scale mapping in semi-arid Western Australia and the units so obtained can be readily subdivided for more detailed mapping. Soil and topographic relationships of the five surfaces recognized are described in detail. These are an expression of erosional modifications of a mature Tertiary landscape resulting from changes in landscape stability. Deep lateritic weathering has influenced the chemistry and morphology of large areas of soils. Smaller areas of soils are developed from less weathered material exposed by complete removal of the lateritic profile, and from lake parna resulting from wind deflation of salinized alluvial sediments. The physical and chemical properties of samples from representative soils are summarized and discussed with reference to profiles which are arranged in groups on the basis of origin of parent material.

scholarly journals The Monitoring of Soil Properties in the Interrow of Vineyards

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-422
Author(s):  
Juraj Ferianc ◽  
Barbora Badalíková ◽  
Patrik Burg ◽  
Jana Burgová
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resource ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
South Moravia ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The paper deals with the problems of evaluating of chosen chemical and physical properties of soil in between vineyards that are managed by various mechanization. Measuring was undertaken in viticulture region of South Moravia, at two experimental sites in Mikulov district. Soil surface between rows of vines is managed by regular cultivation (plow, disc cultivator) to a depth of 30–70 mm in the form of a black fallow. On each of vineyards is used a different type of energy resource to carry out working operations – New Holland TN 75 V, a multifunction carrier PELLENC OPTIMUM. While driving in between vine rows, the two machines in completely different tracks, which significantly influences the properties of the soil and its consolidation. The soil samples were analyzed for determining the soil structure, physical and chemical properties, whereby evaluated were also the mechanical properties of the soil profile in the inter-row using Penetrometry. The average structural coefficient in both variants ranged from 0.96 to 2.42. Soil with values ​​lower than 1.0 is below the structural stability, thus reducing the quality of the soil environment in terms of both physical and chemical properties. The resulting values ​​of density of the soil at both sites are between 1.35 to 1.52 g.cm−3, which also shows its unsatisfactory condition. Penetration resistance of soil located in the tire tracks on both sites values ​​from 2.7 to 2.9 MPa, which according to the scale of classes determined by (Arshad, 1996), corresponds with high values. The distribution of soil penetration resistance on soil maps show that in terms of the implementation of mechanized operations, it is preferable to use the portal carrier.

The significance of (surface) physical and chemical properties in determining soil surface condition of red earths in rangelands

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
RSB Greene ◽  
DJ Tongway
Keyword(s):  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Supply Potential ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The surface layers of a red earth near Cobar, N.S.W., have been classified into four condition classes by using attributes that are readily observable in the field. These classes provide a reliable estimate of potential dry matter production. Soil samples from the three depths 0-1, 1-5 and 5-10 cm of each class were analysed for various physical and chemical properties. Soil surface resistance was measured in the field. Field measurements of infiltration were carried out at supply potentials of +10 and -40 mm by using the disc permeameter. Differences in physical and chemical properties of the classes occurred mainly in the 0-1 cm layer. Below 1 cm there was very little difference in properties between the four classes. The 0-1 cm depth of the class 1 soils (most productive) contained significantly (P=0.05) higher amounts of organic matter, available nitrogen and exchangeable magnesium than the class 4 soils (least productive). Class 1 soils had higher aggregate stabilities in the 0-1 cm layer and lower soil surface resistance than class 4 soils, indicating more favourable soil physical conditions for seed germination and emergence. Aggregates of all classes underwent considerable dispersion in water when subjected to mechanical stress. At a supply potential of +10 mm, class 1 soils had a significantly (P=0.05) higher infiltration rate than class 4 soils. However, at a supply potential of -40 mm, there was no difference in infiltration rate between classes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed that cryptogamic material on the surface of class 1 soils resulted in a porous, well aggregated structure compared with the dense, compacted structure of class 4 soils. The differences in physical and chemical properties support earlier micro-morphological evidence that the classes 1-4 essentially represent an erosional sequence from no erosion (class 1) to strongly eroded (class 4). The importance of these physical and chemical properties of different soil classes in determining productivity of rangeland soils is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUSI HARA DALAM TANAH DAN PRODUKSI AKAR TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT PADA METODE PEMUPUKAN YANG BERBEDA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Edy Sigit Sutarta ◽  
Winarna ◽  
Muhammad Arif Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The effectiveness of fertilization could be influenced by the type of fertilizer and the rightmethod. There are several methods of fertilization, such as fertilizer applied in pockets andscattered. Relations fertilization method with root distribution of oil palm plantations andnutrients in the soil need to be known, so it can be determined in a more effective method offertilization for oil palm plantations. The observation was performed 1 year after application,includes observation of the soil (physical and chemical properties) and the observation of theroot (primary root, secondary, tertiary). Examples of soil and roots were taken at depths of00-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm, and 80-100 cm at a distance of 50 cm, 100 cm,150 cm, 200 cm, 250 cm, 300 cm, 350 cm, 400 cm from the base of the stem. The resultsshowed that the distribution of nutrients in the soil surface is greater than the layerunderneath and root production decreased due to lower soil layers.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

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