Separators and electrolytes for rechargeable batteries: Fundamentals and perspectives

Abstract Separators and electrolytes provide electronic blockage and ion permeability between the electrodes in electrochemical cells. Nowadays, their performance and cost is often even more crucial to the commercial use of common and future electrochemical cells than the chosen electrode materials. Hence, at the present, many efforts are directed towards finding safe and reliable solid electrolytes or liquid electrolyte/separator combinations. With this comprehensive review, the reader is provided with recent approaches on this field and the fundamental knowledge that can be helpful to understand and push forward the developments of new electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. After presenting different types of separators as well as the main hurdles that are associated with them, this work focuses on promising material classes and concepts for next-generation batteries. First, chemical and crystallographic concepts and models for the description and improvement of the ionic conductivity of bulk and composite solid electrolytes are outlined. To demonstrate recent perspectives, research highlights have been included in this work: magnesium borohydride-based complexes for solid-state Mg batteries as well as all-in-one rechargeable SrTiO3 single-crystal energy storage. Furthermore, ionic liquids pose a promising safe alternative for future battery cells. An overview on their basic principles and use is given, demonstrating their applicability for Li-ion systems as well as for so-called post-Li chemistries, such as Mg- and Al-ion batteries.

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High specific capacity and excellent stability of interface-controlled MWCNT based anodes in lithium ion battery

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2011.1392 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1313 ◽

Author(s):

Indranil Lahiri ◽

Sung-Woo Oh ◽

Yang-Kook Sun ◽

Wonbong Choi

Keyword(s):

Electrode Materials ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

High Energy ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Operating Voltage ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

High Specific Capacity ◽

Capacity Degradation ◽

Li Ion ◽

Very High

ABSTRACTRechargeable batteries are in high demand for future hybrid vehicles and electronic devices markets. Among various kinds of rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are most popular for their obvious advantages of high energy and power density, ability to offer higher operating voltage, absence of memory effect, operation over a wider temperature range and showing a low self-discharge rate. Researchers have shown great deal of interest in developing new, improved electrode materials for Li-ion batteries leading to higher specific capacity, longer cycle life and extra safety. In the present study, we have shown that an anode prepared from interface-controlled multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), directly grown on copper current collectors, may be the best suitable anode for a Li-ion battery. The newly developed anode structure has shown very high specific capacity (almost 2.5 times as that of graphite), excellent rate capability, nil capacity degradation in long-cycle operation and introduced a higher level of safety by avoiding organic binders. Enhanced properties of the anode were well supported by the structural characterization and can be related to very high Li-ion intercalation on the walls of CNTs, as observed in HRTEM. This newly developed CNT-based anode structure is expected to offer appreciable advancement in performance of future Li-ion batteries.

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Preparation of silica/carbon composite from rice husk and its electrochemical pro ertives as anode material in Li-ion batteries

Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences ◽

10.32508/stdjns.v4i4.921 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 767-775

Author(s):

Vu Tan Phat ◽

Ngoc Thi Bao Nguyen ◽

Phung Gia Thinh ◽

Tuyen Thi Kim Huynh ◽

Man Van Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Anode Material ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Carbon Composite ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Production Scale ◽

Li Ion

Rice husk is a common agricultural waste and an abundant source in Viet Nam. In terms of composition, rice husk is a silica-rich material (SiO2) so it can be used to prepare negative electrode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Recent processes of synthesizing the silica materials for the rechargeable batteries are often complex, expensive, and energy-intensive. In this study, KOH was used to treat rice husk ash to obtain SiO2/C porous composite materials. X-ray diffraction results (XRD) showed that the diffraction peak between 22o and 23o (2q ) was characterized of SiO2 material, and the other peaks around 43-44o was featured of carbon material. Scanning electron microscope image (SEM) showed the porous structure with the pore size 3-5 mm.Besides, the amorphous structure with coverage layers was also confirmed through the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images. Preliminary electrochemical results demonstratedthat Li-ion coin cell using the SiO2/C anode material exhibited a high capacity of 1200 mAh/g at a discharge current of 1.0 A/g and maintained 1000 mAh/g after 100 cycles. SiO2/C materials prepared from rice husks were highly promising for battery application thanks to their low cost, stable performance, environmental friendliness, and easy expansion for production scale.

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Advanced Electrode Materials in Lithium Batteries: Retrospect and Prospect

Energy Material Advances ◽

10.34133/2021/1205324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Xin Shen ◽

Xue-Qiang Zhang ◽

Fei Ding ◽

Jia-Qi Huang ◽

Rui Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

High Energy ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Next Generation ◽

Future Scenario ◽

Li Ion ◽

Historical Developments

Lithium- (Li-) ion batteries have revolutionized our daily life towards wireless and clean style, and the demand for batteries with higher energy density and better safety is highly required. The next-generation batteries with innovatory chemistry, material, and engineering breakthroughs are in strong pursuit currently. Herein, the key historical developments of practical electrode materials in Li-ion batteries are summarized as the cornerstone for the innovation of next-generation batteries. In addition, the emerging electrode materials for next-generation batteries are discussed as the revolving challenges and potential strategies. Finally, the future scenario of high-energy-density rechargeable batteries is presented. The combination of theory and experiment under multiscale is highlighted to promote the development of emerging electrode materials.

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Feasible Energy Density Pushes of Li-Metal vs. Li-Ion Cells

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11167592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 7592

Author(s):

Duygu Karabelli ◽

Kai Peter Birke

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Energy Density ◽

Potential Application ◽

Solid Electrolytes ◽

Metal Electrode ◽

Liquid Electrolyte ◽

Trade Off ◽

Liquid Electrolytes ◽

Feasible Option ◽

Li Ion

Li-metal batteries are attracting a lot of attention nowadays. However, they are merely an attempt to enhance energy densities by employing a negative Li-metal electrode. Usually, when a Li-metal cell is charged, a certain amount of sacrificial lithium must be added, because irreversible losses per cycle add up much more unfavourably compared to conventional Li-ion cells. When liquid electrolytes instead of solid ones are used, additional electrolyte must also be added because both the lithium of the positive electrode and the liquid electrolyte are consumed during each cycle. Solid electrolytes may present a clever solution to the issue of saving sacrificial lithium and electrolyte, but their additional intrinsic weight and volume must be considered. This poses the important question of if and how much energy density can be gained in realistic scenarios if a switch from Li-ion to rechargeable Li-metal cells is anticipated. This paper calculates various scenarios assuming typical losses per cycle and reveals future e-mobility as a potential application of Li-metal cells. The paper discusses the trade-off if, considering only the push for energy density, liquid electrolytes can become a feasible option in large Li-metal batteries vs. the solid-state approach. This also includes the important aspect of cost.

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The Li-Ion Technology: Its Evolution From Liquid to Plastic

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-369-595 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 369 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J.M. Tarascon ◽

C. Schmutz ◽

A.S. Gozdz ◽

P.C. Warren ◽

F.K. Shokoohi

Keyword(s):

Polymer Matrix ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Graphite Electrode ◽

Discharge Rate ◽

Liquid Electrolyte ◽

Li Ion Battery ◽

Hybrid Polymer ◽

Li Ion ◽

Total Capacity

AbstractIn 1992, Bellcore researchers demonstrated the feasibility of a liquidelectrolyte Li-ion system based on the Li1 + xMn2O4/C redox couple which presents cost and environmental advantages over the LiCoO2/C system. However, neither of these systems are free of the risk of electrolyte leakage. To address this problem, we investigated various means of trapping the liquid electrolyte in a polymer matrix and developed the first practical plastic Li-ion battery. In this paper we compare the performance and scaleability of this technology to those of its liquid Li-ion counterpart. Based on the “hybrid polymer” concept, this battery exhibits excellent cycle life (more than 2500 cycles) and good rate capabilities (the battery can deliver 95% of its total capacity at a 1C discharge rate). This technology is compatible with various positive (LiMn2O4, LiCoO2 and LiNiO2) and negative (carbon, graphite) electrode materials.

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Covalent Organic Frameworks as Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

Organic Materials ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1723020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

pp. 067-089

Author(s):

Eric R. Wolfson ◽

Erica M. Moscarello ◽

William K. Haug ◽

Psaras L. McGrier

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Energy Storage Materials ◽

Covalent Organic Frameworks ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Battery Electrode ◽

Energy Storage Properties ◽

Li Ion ◽

Storage Properties

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an advanced class of crystalline porous polymers that have garnered significant interest due to their tunable properties and robust molecular architectures. As a result, COFs with energy-storage properties are of particular interest to the field of rechargeable battery electrode materials. However, investigation into COFs as candidates for energy-storage materials is still in its infancy. This review will highlight methods used to fabricate COFs used as electrode materials and discuss the factors that prove critical for their production. A collection of known COF-based energy-storage systems will be featured. In addition, the ability to utilize the storage properties of COFs for systems beyond traditional Li-ion batteries will be addressed. An outlook will address the current progress and remaining challenges facing the field to ultimately expand the scope of their applications.

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Neutron methods for tracking lithium in operating electrodes and interfaces

Physical Sciences Reviews ◽

10.1515/psr-2017-0157 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Mikhail V. Avdeev ◽

Ivan A. Bobrikov ◽

Viktor I. Petrenko

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Neutron Scattering ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Electrochemical Cells ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Angle Scattering ◽

Li Ion ◽

Electrochemical Interfaces

Abstract The performance characteristics of modern electrochemical energy storage devices are largely determined by the processes occurring at charge separation interfaces, as well as by the evolution of the structure, composition and chemistry of electrodes and electrolytes. The paper reviews the principal applications of neutron scattering techniques in structural studies of electrode materials and electrochemical interfaces in the course of their operation (operando mode) with an accent to Li-ion batteries. The high penetrating power of thermal neutrons makes it possible to study complex systems that are the closest to real electrochemical cells. The recent progress and future tasks in the development of the neutron scattering methods (diffraction, reflectometry, small-angle scattering) for various types of electrodes/interfaces in Li energy storage devices are discussed.

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