scholarly journals Effect of Sepiapterin, 7,8-Dihydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin and Xanthopterin on Cholesterol and Phospholipid Content and Phospholipid Biosynthesis in vitro

Pteridines ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Gabriele Baier-Bitterlich ◽  
Helmut Wachter ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation

Summary Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids has been investigated using samples of rat live tissue homogenate, Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (pH = 7A) containing 0.3% albumin, farry acid mixture and glycerol. The addition of sepiapterin, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin and 5.6.7.8-tetrahydrobiopterin (5 and 30 pmol g wet weight) to incubation medium induced a decrease of saturated (stearic acid) and an increase of polyunsaturated (arachidonic acid) fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids. Cholesterol content decreased, but phospholiplid content did not change in samples containing sepiapterin, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin. No changes of fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids as well as of the content of cholesterol and phospholipids were observed in samples after the addition of xanthopterin (4 and 20 nmol/g wet weight) to incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. The observations made by incubation with 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin and sepiapterin where in opposite to those made earlier employing neopterin and using the same incubation procedure.

Influence of Kynurenine, Neopterin, Noradrenaline and Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate on Cholesterol and Phospholipid Content and Phospholipid Biosynthesis in vitro

Pteridines ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Gilbert Reibnegger ◽  
Günter Weiss ◽  
Helmut Wachter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation

Summary Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids has been investigated using samples of rat liver tissue homogenate, Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) containing 0.3% albumin, fatty acid mixture and glyceroL The addition of L-kynurenine (4 nmol/g wet weight), D-eryhro-neopterin (5 and 30 pmol/g wet weight) and noradrenaline (4 nmol/g wet weight) to incubation medium induced an increase of saturated (palmitic acid) and decrease of poly-unsaturated (linoleic and arachidonic acid) fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids. The increase of saturated fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids was more pronounced after addition of neopterin and noradrenaline to the incubation medium while the decrease of linoleic and arachidonic acid synthesis was stimulated most with kynurenine. Moreover, kynurenine stimulated whereas neopterin depressed the oleic acid incorporation into phospholipids. These changes of fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids were followed by increase of cholesterol content in samples containing kynurenine, neopterin or noradrenalin. In contrast, phospholipid content decreased in samples containing kynurenine or noradrenalin, hut was not altered by supplementation of neopterin. Since the addition of kynurenine and neopterin to incubation medium for isolated fog heart resulted in an increased noradrenaline and decreased pyridoxal-5-phosphate content in the tissue, we also added pyridoxal-5-phosphate (4 nmol/g wet weight) to incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis. No change of the fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids as welI as the content of phospholipids and cholesterol in samples was observed.

The Influence of Kynurenine and Its Metabolites on Lipid Metabolism

Pteridines ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Janis Jirgensons ◽  
Inga Herpfer ◽  
Günter Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Quinolinic Acid ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation ◽  
Hydroxyanthranilic Acid

Summary Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids has been investigated using samples of rat liver tissue homogenate, Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) containing 0.3% albumin, fatty acid mixture and glycerol. The addition of L-kynurenine (4 nmoljg wet weight) to incubation medium induced an increase of palmitic, oleic and linolenic acid and decrease of linoleic and arachidonic acid incorporation into phospholipids. These changes of fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids were followed by increase of cholesterol and decrease of phospholipids content in samples. The addition of 3-hydroxykynurenine (1.8 and 4 nmoljg wet weight), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (2.2 and 4 nmoljg wet weight) ,1n..:l quinolinic acid (2.4 and 4 nmoljg wet weight) to incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis ill vitro induced a decrease of stearic, palrnitic and linoleic acid and an increase of oleic and especially arachidonic acid incorporation into phospholipids. These changes were accompanied by a decrease of cholesterol content in samples. The influence of kynurenine on fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids was similar to that of neopterin observed earlier. The other tryptophan degradation products behaved similar to the reduced pteridine derivatives. Our results allow to suggest that L-kynurenine decreases, while 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid increase membrane fluidity in the studied concentrations.

Difference and Similarity of Serotonin and Pteridines to Act on Lipid Metabolism

Pteridines ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Janis Jirgensons ◽  
Bernhard Widner ◽  
Guenter Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Elevated Cholesterol ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Wet Weight

Summary Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids has been investigated using samples of rat liver homogenate, Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) containing 0.3% albumin, fatty acid mixture and glycerol. The addition of neopterin, serotonin (0.2 and 2.0 nmoljg wet weight) without iproniasid and 5- hydroxyindoleacetic acid (20.0 nmoljg wet weight) induced an increase of saturated and a decrease of unsaturated, especially arachidonic acid, incorporation into phospholipids. These changes were accompanied with elevated cholesterol content in samples. The addition of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (5 and 30 pmolj g wet weight) and serotonin (0.2 and 2.0 nmoljg wet weight) together with iproniasid (10 nmoljg wet weight) to incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro induced a decrease of saturated and an increase of unsaturated, especially arachidonic acid, incorporation into phospholipids. These changes were accompanied with decreased cholesterol content in samples. The influence of serotonin without iproniasid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was similar to that of neopterin, kynurenine and noradrenaline observed earlier, while the influence of serotonin together with iproniasid was similar to that of 5,6,7,8- tetrahydrobiopterin and its precursors found earlier. Our results allow to suggest that in the studied concentrations serotonin increases, while 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid decreases membrane fluidity.

Similarity Between the Action of Pteridines and Tryptophan Metabolites on Lipid Metabolism

Pteridines ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Bernhard Widner ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Anthranilic Acid ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Test System ◽  
Xanthurenic Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids has been investigated using samples of rat liver tissue homogenate, Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) containing 0.3% albumin, fatty acid mixture and glycerol. The addition of anthranilic acid (2.2 and 4 nmol/g wet weight), kynurenic acid (4 and 40 nmol/ g wet weight), xanthurenic acid (4 and 40 nmol/g wet weight), picolinic acid (0.2 and 2 nmol/g wet weight) induced an increase of saturated and a decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids as well as an eleyation of choksterol concentration in samples used for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. These changes were similar to those observed after addition of kynurenine and neopterin to the same test system, An inverse relationship has been observed after addition of nicotinic acid to samples used for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. Nicrotinic acid induced .1 decrease of saturated and an increase of unsaturated fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids as well as decrease of cholesterol concentration in samples, These changes were similar to those observed after addition of 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, quinolinic, acid, 5,6],8-tetrahydrobiopterin and its precursors to the same test system used rex phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. In parallel anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid and picolinic acid decrease while nicotinic acid increases membrane fluidity in the studied concentrations.

Impairment of Lipid Metabolism Due to Deficiency of Pyridoxal-5-phosphate and/or Activated Immune system: its Interpretation

Pteridines ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Matthias Jäger ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation

Abstract Impairment of lipid metabolism due to excess metabolite accumulation induced by pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P-5-P)-deficiency and/or stimulated immune system has been studied and interpreted. Decreased amounts of phospholipids as well as deviations in phospholipid classes and fatty acid composition of phospholipids have been demonstrated due to kynurenine accumulation in the blood of P-5-P-deficient cardiovascular patients and white rats as well as in cardiovascular patients with activated immune system identified by an increased neopterin concentration in the blood (dilated cardiomyopathy). The addition of P-5-P to the incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro did not change fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids, whereas it normalised fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids in liver homogenates received from P-5-P-deficient rats: The addition of kynurenine, neopterin and noradrenalin (accumulated m isolated heart tissue after addition of kynurenine and neopterin to incubation medium for isolated heart) to incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro induced an increase of saturated and a decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids. These changes in fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids were followed by increased cholesterol concentrations in samples and an increased cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. Our results suggest that these changes in lipids are characteristic for decreased membrane fluidity, depressed cell cycle and lowered possibility of phospholipids to keep cholesterol in solution. P-5-P-deficiency is also accompanied with excess accumulation of homocysteine in the blood. The addition of L-homocysteine to the incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro was followed by inverse changes in fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids when compared with kynurenine, neopterin and noradrenalin. L-homocysteine induced a decrease of saturated and an increase of polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids. The cholesterol concentration decreased in samples and the cholesterol/ phospholipid ratio decreased, too . These findings suggest that changes in lipids induced by L-homocysteine are characteristic for increased membrane fluidity and stimulated cell cycle. In this study, we have observed a similar effect to L-homocysteine effect when L-homocysteine, L-tryptophan and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin were added to the incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. The comparison of our results with data from the literature allows to suggest that excess metabolite accumulation due to activated formation and inactivated catabolism of it plays a significant role in quantitative and qualitative changes of lipids, especially phospholipids, and therefore participates in the regulation of membrane fluidity, cell cycle of normal and malignant cells as well as in keeping cholesterol in the state of solution.

scholarly journals Dietary amino acids: effect of depletion and recovery on synthesis in vitro in rat skeletal muscle and liver

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Omstedt ◽  
Alexandra Von Der Decken
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Ribosomal Activity

1. Rats were given diets containing 200 g/kg of a complete or incomplete amino acid mixture or of high- or low-quality proteins. After 6 d the amino acid-incorporating activity of ribosomes from skeletal muscle and liver was studied.2. The level of isotope incorporation relative to ribosomal RNA was similar for casein supplemented with methionine and for a complete amino acid mixture with the composition of whole-egg protein. Per wet weight of tissue there was a significant decrease after feeding with the complete amino acid mixture.3. There was a significant decrease in activity after feeding with amino acid mixtures deficient in lysine, methionine or tryptophan. In skeletal muscle, but not in liver, the ribosomal activity was less than that obtained with wheat gluten. Activity per wet weight of both tissues was less than that obtained with wheat gluten.4. Refeeding with methionine for 1 d resulted in complete restoration of ribosomal activity and activity per wet weight in skeletal muscle.5. After lysine deficiency, protein synthesis per unit wet weight of both tissues and ribosomal activity in liver were not restored after 2 d of refeeding. Recovery of ribosomal activity in skeletal muscle was complete after 1 d.6. Rats receiving the 200 g casein/kg diet supplemented with methionine at daily energy levels of 263, 176, 141 and 106 KJ (62.6, 42.1, 33.7 and 25.3 kcal) showed no changes in ribosomal activity, but there was a significant decrease in activity per wet weight when 106 KJ were given.

scholarly journals Effect of 7,8 -Dihydroneopterin, Biopterin and Isoxanthopterin on Cholesterol and Phospholipid Content and Phospholipid Biosynthesis in Vitro

Pteridines ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Gabriele Baier-Bitterlich ◽  
Helmut Wachterl ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis

THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS SACCHARIDES ON THE RELEASE OF NON ESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS FROM ADIPOSE TISSUE IN VITRO

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
R. J. Tjaden
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue Cell ◽  
Other Substances

Rat epididymal adipose tissue was incubated in a phosphate–albumin medium to ascertain the effect of various saccharides and other substances on the release of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) into the medium. It was found that incubation with glucose, mannose, fructose, and 2-deoxy glucose resulted in less release of NEFA from the tissue into the incubation medium. Incubation with galactose, sucrose, lactose, D-ribose, D-xylose, L-xylose, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, D-lyxose, sodium pyruvate, glycerol, and glycerol phosphate showed no differences from the control in release of NEFA into the incubation medium. These results are consistent with the theory that the NEFA-lowering action of glucose is due to esterification of free fatty acid within the adipose tissue cell by glycerol phosphate.

Selective action of human sera differing in fatty acids and cholesterol content on in vitro gene expression

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hylde Zirpoli ◽  
Mariella Caputo ◽  
Antonio Carraturo ◽  
Gaetano Torino ◽  
Alessia Fazio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Human Sera

scholarly journals Yellow adipocytes comprise a new adipocyte sub-type present in human bone marrow

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Attané ◽  
David Estève ◽  
Karima Chaoui ◽  
Jason Iacovoni ◽  
Jill Corre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
Bone Marrow Adipocytes ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Fat Depot

AbstractDuring energy demanding conditions, white adipocytes store triglycerides and release fatty acids through lipolysis. In contrast, bone marrow adipocytes (BM-Ad) increase in size during caloric restriction, suggesting this fat depot exhibits precise metabolic specificity. We found subcutaneous adipocytes (SC-Ad) and BM-Ad share morphological features, but possess distinct lipid metabolism. BM-Ad show enrichment in cholesterol-oriented metabolism that correlates with increased free cholesterol content, while proteins involved in lipolysis were downregulated. A strong down-regulation in expression of monoacylglycerol (MG) lipase was observed leading to an accumulation of major MG species and accordingly the basal and induced lipolytic responses were absent in BM-Ad. These features are not recapitulatedin vitrousing differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Since our data demonstrate that BM-Ad comprise a distinct class of adipocytes, we propose renaming them yellow adipocytes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document