Difference and Similarity of Serotonin and Pteridines to Act on Lipid Metabolism

Pteridines ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Janis Jirgensons ◽  
Bernhard Widner ◽  
Guenter Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Elevated Cholesterol ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Wet Weight

Summary Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids has been investigated using samples of rat liver homogenate, Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) containing 0.3% albumin, fatty acid mixture and glycerol. The addition of neopterin, serotonin (0.2 and 2.0 nmoljg wet weight) without iproniasid and 5- hydroxyindoleacetic acid (20.0 nmoljg wet weight) induced an increase of saturated and a decrease of unsaturated, especially arachidonic acid, incorporation into phospholipids. These changes were accompanied with elevated cholesterol content in samples. The addition of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (5 and 30 pmolj g wet weight) and serotonin (0.2 and 2.0 nmoljg wet weight) together with iproniasid (10 nmoljg wet weight) to incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro induced a decrease of saturated and an increase of unsaturated, especially arachidonic acid, incorporation into phospholipids. These changes were accompanied with decreased cholesterol content in samples. The influence of serotonin without iproniasid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was similar to that of neopterin, kynurenine and noradrenaline observed earlier, while the influence of serotonin together with iproniasid was similar to that of 5,6,7,8- tetrahydrobiopterin and its precursors found earlier. Our results allow to suggest that in the studied concentrations serotonin increases, while 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid decreases membrane fluidity.

scholarly journals Effect of Sepiapterin, 7,8-Dihydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin and Xanthopterin on Cholesterol and Phospholipid Content and Phospholipid Biosynthesis in vitro

Pteridines ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Gabriele Baier-Bitterlich ◽  
Helmut Wachter ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation

Summary Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids has been investigated using samples of rat live tissue homogenate, Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (pH = 7A) containing 0.3% albumin, farry acid mixture and glycerol. The addition of sepiapterin, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin and 5.6.7.8-tetrahydrobiopterin (5 and 30 pmol g wet weight) to incubation medium induced a decrease of saturated (stearic acid) and an increase of polyunsaturated (arachidonic acid) fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids. Cholesterol content decreased, but phospholiplid content did not change in samples containing sepiapterin, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin. No changes of fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids as well as of the content of cholesterol and phospholipids were observed in samples after the addition of xanthopterin (4 and 20 nmol/g wet weight) to incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. The observations made by incubation with 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin and sepiapterin where in opposite to those made earlier employing neopterin and using the same incubation procedure.

Influence of Kynurenine, Neopterin, Noradrenaline and Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate on Cholesterol and Phospholipid Content and Phospholipid Biosynthesis in vitro

Pteridines ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Gilbert Reibnegger ◽  
Günter Weiss ◽  
Helmut Wachter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation

Summary Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids has been investigated using samples of rat liver tissue homogenate, Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) containing 0.3% albumin, fatty acid mixture and glyceroL The addition of L-kynurenine (4 nmol/g wet weight), D-eryhro-neopterin (5 and 30 pmol/g wet weight) and noradrenaline (4 nmol/g wet weight) to incubation medium induced an increase of saturated (palmitic acid) and decrease of poly-unsaturated (linoleic and arachidonic acid) fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids. The increase of saturated fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids was more pronounced after addition of neopterin and noradrenaline to the incubation medium while the decrease of linoleic and arachidonic acid synthesis was stimulated most with kynurenine. Moreover, kynurenine stimulated whereas neopterin depressed the oleic acid incorporation into phospholipids. These changes of fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids were followed by increase of cholesterol content in samples containing kynurenine, neopterin or noradrenalin. In contrast, phospholipid content decreased in samples containing kynurenine or noradrenalin, hut was not altered by supplementation of neopterin. Since the addition of kynurenine and neopterin to incubation medium for isolated fog heart resulted in an increased noradrenaline and decreased pyridoxal-5-phosphate content in the tissue, we also added pyridoxal-5-phosphate (4 nmol/g wet weight) to incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis. No change of the fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids as welI as the content of phospholipids and cholesterol in samples was observed.

The Influence of Kynurenine and Its Metabolites on Lipid Metabolism

Pteridines ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Janis Jirgensons ◽  
Inga Herpfer ◽  
Günter Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Quinolinic Acid ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation ◽  
Hydroxyanthranilic Acid

Summary Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids has been investigated using samples of rat liver tissue homogenate, Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) containing 0.3% albumin, fatty acid mixture and glycerol. The addition of L-kynurenine (4 nmoljg wet weight) to incubation medium induced an increase of palmitic, oleic and linolenic acid and decrease of linoleic and arachidonic acid incorporation into phospholipids. These changes of fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids were followed by increase of cholesterol and decrease of phospholipids content in samples. The addition of 3-hydroxykynurenine (1.8 and 4 nmoljg wet weight), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (2.2 and 4 nmoljg wet weight) ,1n..:l quinolinic acid (2.4 and 4 nmoljg wet weight) to incubation medium for phospholipid biosynthesis ill vitro induced a decrease of stearic, palrnitic and linoleic acid and an increase of oleic and especially arachidonic acid incorporation into phospholipids. These changes were accompanied by a decrease of cholesterol content in samples. The influence of kynurenine on fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids was similar to that of neopterin observed earlier. The other tryptophan degradation products behaved similar to the reduced pteridine derivatives. Our results allow to suggest that L-kynurenine decreases, while 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid increase membrane fluidity in the studied concentrations.

scholarly journals Pteridines and Lipid Metabolism

Pteridines ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Gabriele Baier-Bitterlich ◽  
Bernhard Widner ◽  
Gilbert Reibnegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Incorporation

Summary The effect of 9 different pteridines on fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids as well as on cholesterol and phospholipid content was compared in vitro using rat liver homogenate, Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer containing 0.3 % albumin (pH=7.4), fatty acid mixture and glycerol. D-neopterin (5-30 pmol/g) induced an increase of saturated, a decrease of unsaturated fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids and elevated the cholesterol content in samples. The phospholipid amount in samples remained unchanged. Sepiapterin, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin, biopterin, monapterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin addition to samples induced an inverse relationship: a decrease of saturated, an increase of unsaturated fatty acid, especially arachidonic acid, incorporation into phospholipids and the decrease of cholesterol content in samples. The phospholipid amount in samples remained unchanged or increased. Lipid metabolism was not altered after addition of xanthopterin and isoxanthopterin to samples. It was suggested that neopterin decreased membrane fluidity, prevented cell cycle, induced cell dystrophy and apoptosis, and promoted the cholesterol precipitation while tetrahydrobiopterin, its precursors, biopterin, monapterin and dihydroneopterin increased membrane fluidity, stimulated cell cycle, prevented cholesterol precipitation. The data point to a potential role of increased neopterin concentrations in vivo to support atherosclerosis development and progression whereas the other pteridines may have a protective effect. Moreover, these pteridines can also promote cell transformation.

scholarly journals Dietary amino acids: effect of depletion and recovery on synthesis in vitro in rat skeletal muscle and liver

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Omstedt ◽  
Alexandra Von Der Decken
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Ribosomal Activity

1. Rats were given diets containing 200 g/kg of a complete or incomplete amino acid mixture or of high- or low-quality proteins. After 6 d the amino acid-incorporating activity of ribosomes from skeletal muscle and liver was studied.2. The level of isotope incorporation relative to ribosomal RNA was similar for casein supplemented with methionine and for a complete amino acid mixture with the composition of whole-egg protein. Per wet weight of tissue there was a significant decrease after feeding with the complete amino acid mixture.3. There was a significant decrease in activity after feeding with amino acid mixtures deficient in lysine, methionine or tryptophan. In skeletal muscle, but not in liver, the ribosomal activity was less than that obtained with wheat gluten. Activity per wet weight of both tissues was less than that obtained with wheat gluten.4. Refeeding with methionine for 1 d resulted in complete restoration of ribosomal activity and activity per wet weight in skeletal muscle.5. After lysine deficiency, protein synthesis per unit wet weight of both tissues and ribosomal activity in liver were not restored after 2 d of refeeding. Recovery of ribosomal activity in skeletal muscle was complete after 1 d.6. Rats receiving the 200 g casein/kg diet supplemented with methionine at daily energy levels of 263, 176, 141 and 106 KJ (62.6, 42.1, 33.7 and 25.3 kcal) showed no changes in ribosomal activity, but there was a significant decrease in activity per wet weight when 106 KJ were given.

Similarity Between the Action of Pteridines and Tryptophan Metabolites on Lipid Metabolism

Pteridines ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Bernhard Widner ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Anthranilic Acid ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Test System ◽  
Xanthurenic Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids has been investigated using samples of rat liver tissue homogenate, Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) containing 0.3% albumin, fatty acid mixture and glycerol. The addition of anthranilic acid (2.2 and 4 nmol/g wet weight), kynurenic acid (4 and 40 nmol/ g wet weight), xanthurenic acid (4 and 40 nmol/g wet weight), picolinic acid (0.2 and 2 nmol/g wet weight) induced an increase of saturated and a decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids as well as an eleyation of choksterol concentration in samples used for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. These changes were similar to those observed after addition of kynurenine and neopterin to the same test system, An inverse relationship has been observed after addition of nicotinic acid to samples used for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. Nicrotinic acid induced .1 decrease of saturated and an increase of unsaturated fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids as well as decrease of cholesterol concentration in samples, These changes were similar to those observed after addition of 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, quinolinic, acid, 5,6],8-tetrahydrobiopterin and its precursors to the same test system used rex phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. In parallel anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid and picolinic acid decrease while nicotinic acid increases membrane fluidity in the studied concentrations.

scholarly journals Garlic inhibitory effect on platelet activity induced by different agonists

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Roxana Elizabeth González ◽  
Verónica Carolina Soto ◽  
María Mirta Sance ◽  
Claudio Rómulo Galmarini
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Inhibit Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Platelets are essential elements of human blood. In addition to their normal role, platelets are involved in causing myocardial infarction, stroke and other thrombotic disorders. Platelet activation in vivo, probably involves a combination of agonists. Garlic has beneficial effects due to its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of garlic extracts to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by different agonists and their mixtures in different donors. Significant differences were found in platelet aggregation in response to each agonist (P ≤ 0.05). The highest antiaggregatory effect was observed with arachidonic acid and the lowest effect with collagen-arachidonic acid mixture. Interaction effects between donor and agonist (or mixtures) were detected. The study showed the potential of aqueous garlic extracts to prevent platelet aggregation induced by different agonist. Highlights Platelets play a central role in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Blood from nine non-smoker healthy donors was used for in vitro platelet aggregation study. Significant differences were found in platelet aggregation in response to each agonist. Aqueous garlic extracts could prevent platelet aggregation induced by different agonist.

scholarly journals Abnormal phospholipid metabolism in spur cell anemia: decreased fatty acid incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine and increased incorporation into acylcarnitine in spur cell anemia erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1283-1287
Author(s):  
DW Allen ◽  
N Manning
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities

Spur cell anemia is a hemolytic anemia seen in severe alcoholic cirrhosis that is characterized by unusual morphology and a decreased ratio of phospholipids to cholesterol in the erythrocyte membrane. We hypothesized that defective phospholipid repair may contribute to the red blood cell (RBC) phospholipid abnormalities of spur cell anemia. Therefore, we compared RBCs from normal control subjects with RBCs from spur cell anemia patients. The incorporation of [14C] arachidonic acid into the phospholipids and acylcarnitine (acyl-Cn) of spur cells and normal RBCs was analyzed by a direct-phase high performance liquid chromatography column to separate both the phospholipids and acyl-Cn. There was less uptake of the [14C] arachidonate into phosphatidylethanolamine of spur cell RBCs (12.9% +/- 1.0%) compared with normal RBCs (20.5% +/- 2.8%; P = .0245). However, more arachidonate was incorporated into the acyl-Cn of spur cells (spur cell acyl-Cn [24.5% +/- 2.9%] v normal control acyl-Cn [10.1% +/- 1.9%]; P = .0018). We conclude that phospholipid biosynthesis is inhibited and that acyl-Cn formation is spared in spur cell anemia RBCs. These metabolic changes may help account for the lipid abnormalities seen in spur cell anemia RBCs and contribute to the hemolytic process.

scholarly journals Abnormal phospholipid metabolism in spur cell anemia: decreased fatty acid incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine and increased incorporation into acylcarnitine in spur cell anemia erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1283-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Allen ◽  
N Manning
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities

Abstract Spur cell anemia is a hemolytic anemia seen in severe alcoholic cirrhosis that is characterized by unusual morphology and a decreased ratio of phospholipids to cholesterol in the erythrocyte membrane. We hypothesized that defective phospholipid repair may contribute to the red blood cell (RBC) phospholipid abnormalities of spur cell anemia. Therefore, we compared RBCs from normal control subjects with RBCs from spur cell anemia patients. The incorporation of [14C] arachidonic acid into the phospholipids and acylcarnitine (acyl-Cn) of spur cells and normal RBCs was analyzed by a direct-phase high performance liquid chromatography column to separate both the phospholipids and acyl-Cn. There was less uptake of the [14C] arachidonate into phosphatidylethanolamine of spur cell RBCs (12.9% +/- 1.0%) compared with normal RBCs (20.5% +/- 2.8%; P = .0245). However, more arachidonate was incorporated into the acyl-Cn of spur cells (spur cell acyl-Cn [24.5% +/- 2.9%] v normal control acyl-Cn [10.1% +/- 1.9%]; P = .0018). We conclude that phospholipid biosynthesis is inhibited and that acyl-Cn formation is spared in spur cell anemia RBCs. These metabolic changes may help account for the lipid abnormalities seen in spur cell anemia RBCs and contribute to the hemolytic process.

scholarly journals Simvastatin Blocks Blood-Brain Barrier Disruptions Induced by Elevated Cholesterol Both In Vivo and In Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xijuan Jiang ◽  
Maojuan Guo ◽  
Jinling Su ◽  
Bin Lu ◽  
Dongming Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Simvastatin Therapy ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Elevated Cholesterol ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background. Hypercholesterolemia and disruptions of the blood brain barrier (BBB) have been implicated as underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Simvastatin therapy may be of benefit in treating AD; however, its mechanism has not been yet fully understood.Objective. To explore whether simvastatin could block disruption of BBB induced by cholesterol both in vivo and in vitro.Methods. New Zealand rabbits were fed cholesterol-enriched diet with or without simvastatin. Total cholesterol of serum and brain was measured. BBB dysfunction was evaluated. To further test the results in vivo, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs) were stimulated with cholesterol in the presence/absence of simvastatin in vitro. BBB disruption was evaluated.Results. Simvastatin blocked cholesterol-rich diet induced leakage of Evan's blue dye. Cholesterol content in the serum was affected by simvastatin, but not brain cholesterol. Simvastatin blocked high-cholesterol medium-induced decrease in TEER and increase in transendothelial FITC-labeled BSA Passage in RBMECs.Conclusions. The present study firstly shows that simvastatin improves disturbed BBB function both in vivo and in vitro. Our data provide that simvastatin may be useful for attenuating disturbed BBB mediated by hypercholesterolemia.

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