scholarly journals Relationships between ego-oriented peer climate, perceived competence and worry about sport performance: A longitudinal study of student-athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-242
Author(s):  
Joakim Ingrell ◽  
Urban Johnson ◽  
Andreas Ivarsson
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Students First

Abstract Using a sample of student-athletes’ (N=64) first year (seventh grade) enrolled at a school with a sport profile, the aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate (a) levels and changes as regards to worry about sport performance, perception of peer climate, and perceived competence; and (b) the relationship in levels and changes between these studied variables. The primary results from latent growth models (LGMs) and parallel process LGMs revealed that, during their first year, the student-athletes’ level of worry and perceived ego-oriented peer climate increased, whereas perceived competence decreased. Further, the results showed that perceived competence was negatively associated with worry at the beginning of the students’ first year. The slope of perceived ego-oriented peer climate was positively associated with the slope of worry. Future research in relation to the findings is discussed, and recommendations for future actions are given.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Depression when Controlling for Neuroticism

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Mu ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Sven Rieger ◽  
Ulrich Trautwein ◽  
Brent W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Confounding Variable ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Much research has examined the interplay of depression and self-esteem in an effort to determine whether depression causes self-esteem (scar model), or vice versa (vulnerability model). In the current longitudinal study (N = 2,318), we tested whether neuroticism served as a confounding variable that accounted for the association of depression and self-esteem, using both cross-lag models and latent growth models. We found neuroticism accounted for the majority of covariance between depression and self-esteem, to the degree that the scar and vulnerability models appear to be inadequate explanations for the relation between depression and self-esteem. Alternatively, neuroticism appears to be a viable cause of both depression and self-esteem and could explain prior work linking the two constructs over time.

scholarly journals Evaluating Eight-Year Trajectories for Sense of Purpose in the Health and Retirement Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Hill ◽  
Sara J Weston
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Over Time

Objectives: Though cross-sectional research has suggested that sense of purpose declines intoolder adulthood, it remains unclear whether inter-individual variability occurs in these trajectories, and what factors predict these trajectories. The current study provides one of the first longitudinal investigations into how individuals’ sense of purpose fluctuates in older adulthood. Method: Participants from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 4,234, mean age = 65 years), completed assessments of sense of purpose over three years, along with multiple potential predictors (health, personality, demographics) at the start.Results: Second-order latent growth models demonstrated both mean-level declines on purpose over time, as well as the capacity for inter-individual variability in change patterns for retired adults. Among this cohort, health status, educational attainment, and marital status were significant predictors of purpose trajectories over time, though broad personality trait dimensions failed to uniquely predict change in sense of purpose. However, measurement invariance tests suggest that the scale did not operate similarly across work status groups.Conclusion: Findings advance the previous literature by demonstrating inter-individual variability in sense of purpose for those participants who had retired. Future research should consider that purpose inventories may operate differently for those in the workplace versus retired adults.

scholarly journals Factorial Invariance and the Specification of Second-Order Latent Growth Models

Methodology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Ferrer ◽  
Nekane Balluerka ◽  
Keith F. Widaman
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Trait Level

Abstract. Latent growth modeling has been a topic of intense interest during the past two decades. Most theoretical and applied work has employed first-order growth models, in which a single manifest variable serves as indicator of trait level at each time of measurement. In the current paper, we concentrate on issues regarding second-order growth models, which have multiple indicators at each time of measurement. With multiple indicators, tests of factorial invariance of parameters across times of measurement can be tested. We conduct such tests using two sets of data, which differ in the extent to which factorial invariance holds, and evaluate longitudinal confirmatory factor, latent growth curve, and latent difference score models. We demonstrate that, if factorial invariance fails to hold, choice of indicator used to identify the latent variable can have substantial influences on the characterization of patterns of growth, strong enough to alter conclusions about growth. We also discuss matters related to the scaling of growth factors and conclude with recommendations for practice and for future research.

Sowing seeds for future generations

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanli Jia ◽  
Kendall Soucie ◽  
Susan Alisat ◽  
Michael Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Relationship

In this longitudinal study, we examined the relationship between the trajectory of generative concern measured at ages 23, 26 and 32 and environmental narrative identity at age 32. Canadian participants completed a questionnaire on generative concern at ages 23, 26 and 32 and were then interviewed about their personal experiences with the environment at age 32 ( N = 112). Narratives were coded by independent raters for meaning, vividness and impact, with higher levels indicating a more salient environmental narrative identity. Latent growth models revealed significant individual variability in the trajectories of generative concern from ages 23 to 32. This variability was associated with the salience of environmental narrative identity at age 32 through two different developmental processes: (1) having a higher level of generative concern at age 23 predicted a more salient environmental narrative identity at age 32; and (2) those who developed higher levels of generative concern during the course of emerging adulthood (from ages 23 to 32) also appeared to display a more salient environmental narrative identity at age 32. Implications of these findings are also discussed.

A Longitudinal Study of Psychological Functioning Among Juvenile Offenders

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wareham ◽  
Richard Dembo
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Family Problems ◽  
Latent Growth Models

This study examines a sample of 278 justice-involved juveniles completing at least one of three follow-up interviews as part of a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded study. Latent growth models are analyzed examining (a) changes in psychological functioning throughout time; (b) the effects of family problems, physical abuse, and sexual victimization on psychological functioning throughout time; and (c) differences across gender. Results indicate that the psychological problems of these youths remain relatively stable throughout time. Furthermore, consistent with findings from existing literature, psychological problems are related to the youths’ family problems and maltreatment experiences, affecting the psychological functioning of female and male youths differently. The findings suggest that focusing intervention and prevention early in a juvenile’s life is the most promising approach for preventing prolonged sociopsychological problems.

Nuances in Alzheimer’s Genetic Risk Reveal Differential Predictions of Non-demented Memory Aging Trajectories: Selective Patterns by APOE Genotype and Sex

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Peggy McFall ◽  
Lars Bäckman ◽  
Roger A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Selective Protection ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Apoe Genotypes

Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a prominent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a frequent target for associations with non-demented and cognitively impaired aging. APOE offers a unique opportunity to evaluate two dichotomous comparisons and selected gradations of APOE risk. Some evidence suggests that APOE effects may differ by sex and emerge especially in interaction with other AD-related biomarkers (e.g., vascular health). Methods: Longitudinal trajectories of non-demented adults (n = 632, 67% female, Mage = 68.9) populated a 40-year band of aging. Focusing on memory performance and individualized memory trajectories, a sequence of latent growth models was tested for predictions of (moderation between) APOE and pulse pressure (PP) as stratified by sex. The analyses (1) established robust benchmark PP effects on memory trajectories, (2) compared predictions of alternative dichotomous groupings (ε4- vs ε4+, ε2- vs ε2+), and (3) examined precision-based predictions by disaggregated APOE genotypes. Results: Healthier (lower) PP was associated with better memory performance and less decline. Therefore, all subsequent analyses were conducted in the interactive context of PP effects and sex stratification. The ε4-based dichotomization produced no differential genetic predictions. The ε2-based analyses showed sex differences, including selective protection for ε2-positive females. Exploratory follow-up disaggregated APOE genotype analyses suggested selective ε2 protection effects for both homozygotic and heterozygotic females. Conclusion: Precision analyses of AD genetic risk will advance the understanding of underlying mechanisms and improve personalized implementation of interventions.

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