Morphosyntaktische Probleme der Symbolisierung von Tempus, Modus und Aspekt in den Kreolsprachen der Kapverden und Guinea-Bissaus

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Invariant Order

SummaryThe paper discusses the postulates made by Bickerton 1981 concerning the free occurrence of the TMA-morphemes and their invariant order in creole prototypical verbal systems with respect to Cape Verdian and Guinean Creole. It is argued that both creoles already dispose rather of bound than free morphemes and therefore should no longer be regarded as prototypical but late creoles. Required by the existence of postverbal morphemes in these two creoles an appropriate enlargement of the invariant TMA-morpheme order is proposed.

Apply with Caution

1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Political Group ◽  
Invariant Order ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Teaching Curriculum ◽  
Careful Thought ◽  
Made In

Perhaps we are no worse than any other, but I think our field must soon be known for the incredible leaps in logic we make in applying our research findings to classroom teaching. When contrasts drawn between first and second languages showed differences and those differences seemed to match errors our students made in the classroom, we leapt to say that Contrastive Analysis alone should form the basis of the language teaching curriculum. When a so-called invariant order of acquisition of morphemes was found, we made two leaps in logic––one to say that this was the best evidence of a creative language acquisition process and a second to say that this research shows that learners should just be exposed to, rather than taught, the language. When we found traits shared by good language learners, we suggested that the curriculum should be altered to make sure everyone does what good learners do. We have looked at conversational analysis and declared that teaching materials should reflect true conversational data. No matter what the finding, we have taught ourselves to ask ‘What -does this mean for the classroom teacher?’ and made suggestions without careful thought. There is hardly a publisher or a political group that won't find (or hasn't already found) something in all these leaps of logic to call giant strides. It shouldn't be hard to find the basis to sell almost any program to almost everyone on the strength of someone's research findings.

LOCALLY INVARIANT ORDERS ON GROUPS

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1161-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. CHISWELL
Keyword(s):  
Abelian Group ◽  
Fundamental Group ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Analogous Result ◽  
Hyperbolic Manifold ◽  
Free Groups ◽  
Free Action ◽  
Detailed Proof ◽  
Unique Product ◽  
Invariant Order

Recent work by T. Delzant and S. Hair shows that certain groups are unique product groups. In effect, they show that the groups have a locally invariant order, an idea introduced by D. Promislow in the early eighties. Having a locally invariant order implies the group is a unique product group, and a strict left (or right) ordering on a group is a locally invariant order. We study properties of the class of LIO groups, that is, groups having a locally invariant order. The main result gives conditions under which the fundamental group of a graph of LIO groups is LIO. In particular, the free product of two LIO groups is LIO. There is an analogous result for a graph of right orderable groups. We also study tree-free groups (those having a free action without inversions on a Λ-tree, for some ordered abelian group Λ). In particular, a detailed proof that tree-free groups are LIO is given. There is also a detailed proof of an observation made by Hair, that the fundamental group of a compact hyperbolic manifold is virtually LIO.

scholarly journals Amenable groups with a locally invariant order are locally indicable

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Linnell ◽  
Dave Witte Morris
Keyword(s):  
Amenable Groups ◽  
Invariant Order

U(1) Gauge Theory as a Collective Field Theory for Hubbard Model

1988 ◽  
Vol 02 (05) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Hubbard Model ◽  
Gauge Field ◽  
Landau Theory ◽  
Ginzburg Landau ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Invariant Order ◽  
Path Integral Method ◽  
Higgs Scalar

I construct a collective field theory for Hubbard model of high Tc superconductivity, using a path-integral method in the third quantized (slave boson) form. It is a U(1) gauge invariant theory consisting of a U(1) gauge field and a Higgs scalar. The gauge field stands for resonating valence bonds and describes a (short range) antiferro-paramagnet phase transition by a condensation machanism. The Higgs scalar represents spinless holes carrying electric charges. Through the confining gauge force, there formed bounded hole pairs on each link, which correspond to the vector mesons in lattice QCD. A superconducting phase is to be described by a condensation of a gauge invariant order parameter for these hole pairs, and to be compared with the color confining chirally broken phase in QCD. A Ginzburg-Landau theory for the vector hole-pair field is proposed.

Perceptual strategies in prelingual speech segmentation

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan V. Goodsitt ◽  
James L. Morgan ◽  
Patricia K. Kuhl
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Speech Segmentation ◽  
Variable Order ◽  
Order Condition ◽  
Head Turning ◽  
Prosodic Cues ◽  
Invariant Order ◽  
Trial Test ◽  
Pitch Contours ◽  
Transitional Probabilities

ABSTRACTPrevious work has suggested that infants may segment continuous speech by a BRACKETING STRATEGY that segregates portions of the speech stream based on prosodic cues to their endpoints. The two present studies were designed to assess whether infants also can deploy a CLUSTERING STRATEGY that exploits asymmetries in transitional probabilities between successive elements, aggregating elements with high transitional probabilities and identifying points of low transitional probabilities as boundaries between units. These studies examined effects of the structure and redundancy of speech context on infants' discrimination of two target syllables using an operant head-turning procedure. After discrimination training on the target syllables in isolation, discrimination maintenance was tested when the target syllables were embedded in one of three contexts. Invariant Order contexts were structured to promote clustering, whereas the Redundant and Variable Order contexts were not. Thirty-six seven-month-olds were tested in Experiment I, in which stimuli were produced with varying intonation contours; 36 eight-month-olds were tested in Experiment 2, in which stimuli were produced with comparable flat pitch contours. In both experiments, performance of the three groups was equivalent in an initial 20-trial test. However, in a second 20-trial test, significant improvements in performance were shown by infants in the Invariant Order condition. No such gains were shown by infants in the other two conditions. These studies suggest that clustering may complement bracketing in infants' discovery of units of language.

Experimental Proof of a Time-Reversal-Invariant Order Parameter with aπshift inYBa2Cu3O7−δ

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (22) ◽  
pp. 4523-4526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mathai ◽  
Y. Gim ◽  
R. C. Black ◽  
A. Amar ◽  
F. C. Wellstood
Keyword(s):  
Time Reversal ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Invariant Order

Grammatical morpheme acquisition: An approximately invariant order?

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. James ◽  
Linda M. L. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Invariant Order
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