Apply with Caution

1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Political Group ◽  
Invariant Order ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Teaching Curriculum ◽  
Careful Thought ◽  
Made In

Perhaps we are no worse than any other, but I think our field must soon be known for the incredible leaps in logic we make in applying our research findings to classroom teaching. When contrasts drawn between first and second languages showed differences and those differences seemed to match errors our students made in the classroom, we leapt to say that Contrastive Analysis alone should form the basis of the language teaching curriculum. When a so-called invariant order of acquisition of morphemes was found, we made two leaps in logic––one to say that this was the best evidence of a creative language acquisition process and a second to say that this research shows that learners should just be exposed to, rather than taught, the language. When we found traits shared by good language learners, we suggested that the curriculum should be altered to make sure everyone does what good learners do. We have looked at conversational analysis and declared that teaching materials should reflect true conversational data. No matter what the finding, we have taught ourselves to ask ‘What -does this mean for the classroom teacher?’ and made suggestions without careful thought. There is hardly a publisher or a political group that won't find (or hasn't already found) something in all these leaps of logic to call giant strides. It shouldn't be hard to find the basis to sell almost any program to almost everyone on the strength of someone's research findings.

scholarly journals Non-native English Varieties: Thainess in English Narratives

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyahathai Singhasak ◽  
Phongsakorn Methitham
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Thai English

<p>This study aims at examining Thainess as a writing strategy used in non-literary texts written by non-professional bilingual writers. These writers are advanced language learners who are pursuing their Master’s degree in English. Seven English narratives of their language learning experiences were analyzed based on Kachruvian’s framework of bilingual’s creativity and contact literatures. The findings showed that four out of six contextualization processes - transfer, translation, code-mixing, and reduplication - were utilized when conveying the writers’ experiences in acquiring their first and second languages. Unlike the findings in previous studies of Thainess in literary genre, lexical borrowing and shift process were not found in narratives. Although Thai English as a new variety in World Englishes has been debated for years and remains in an obscure status, it cannot be denied that the research findings in this study show the uniqueness of Thai English writing strategies.</p>

scholarly journals Coda – opportunities and challenges in language learning and professionalization in higher education: the road ahead

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Béatrice Dupuy ◽  
Muriel Grosbois
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Work Requirements ◽  
Global Citizens ◽  
The Road ◽  
Curriculum Instruction ◽  
Research Findings

In considering theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical perspectives for preparing language learners and teachers in/for the 21st century, the preceding chapters have sought to highlight how research findings could/should inform curriculum, instruction, and professional development in higher education so as to promote language learning and sustain its link to professionalization in today’s and tomorrow’s society. Language learning and professionalization have been explored here through researches focusing on: university students who need to learn to communicate in one or more foreign languages to both interact as global citizens and increase their chances of employability; professionals who, on their lifelong learning journey, study foreign languages to enrich or develop (new) skills for a variety of reasons, including the need to meet evolving work requirements and adapt to an ever changing society; and (pre-service) language teachers who need to learn how best to meet the needs of learners. In this brief coda, we synthesize the major points from the chapters included in this book and highlight the opportunities that exist and the challenges that must be addressed if we want the opportunities not to remain just that.

scholarly journals Collocaties leren in een vreemde taal

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
Elke Peters
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Formulaic Sequences ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Language Output

Foreign-language (FL) learners are faced with the challenge of acquiring a large vocabulary.Research has shown that the acquisition of formulaic sequences (FS) and collocationsis one of the biggest lexical challenges for foreign language learners. Researchersand teachers alike acknowledge the importance of learning FS in the FL classroombecause FS serve a number of communicative functions; they are ubiquitous in language;they allow more fluency in language output and their use makes FL learners come acrossas more proficient (Barfield and Gyllstad 2009; Boers et al. 2006; Schmitt 2008: 340).This paper reports on three studies that explore the effect of different pedagogic interventionson the acquisition of formulaic sequences and collocations. The pedagogic implicationsof the research findings are discussed in detail.

Mist Therapy Reconsidered—Humidified Tents vs. The High Humidity Room, Further Comment

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Griffiths ◽  
Harry Baker
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Careful Thought ◽  
Made In

It is gratifying that Avery and her group, in a recent paper, have by careful thought, knowledge of physics, and the alchemy of mathematics helped substantiate some of the statements we made in the paper which dealt with the size of water droplets in relation to the obstructive respiratory ills of childhood. In their report, indicated above, these workers deny the value of a humidified plastic tent (or mist tent) and mention several possible adverse effects when these tents are used.

Measuring Phonological and Orthographic Similarity

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Muhlise Coşgun Ögeyik
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Orthographic Similarity ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
L1 And L2

Marked and unmarked language forms can be distinguished with the level of simplicity or complexity denotations of the forms. Unmarked target language forms may create little or no difficulty, even if they do not exist in the native language of the learner, while marked forms can be relatively difficult for language learners. In addition to the notions of markedness/unmarkedness, there has also been an emphasis on similarity and dissimilarity between the items of first (L1) and second languages (L2). Along with similarity or dissimilarity of L1 and L2 forms, the level of difficulty may vary enormously in different language-specific procedures. In this chapter, therefore, it is intended to build an understanding of the recognized pronunciation and orthographic problems of similar loanwords in both Turkish (L1 of the participants) and English (L2).

Digital Storytelling as a Self-Regulated Learning Tool

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Digital Storytelling ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
Digital Stories ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this chapter is, as a self-regulated learning tool, to focus on digital storytelling by uncovering relationship between digital storytelling and self-regulated learning process/based on research findings made in the its field. Within this focus, firstly, concept of digital storytelling was theoretically addressed; researches made in learning-teaching for use have been presented; later, self-regulated learning processes and strategies have been defined and given examples. Finally, research findings on the use of digital stories as self-regulated learning tools have been shared.

Dimensions of Design in K-12 Telementoring Programs

2010 ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Kevin O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Design Space ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Teachers and researchers have been designing telementoring programs for more than fifteen years, yet there are many possible program designs that have not yet been attempted, and enormous potential yet to fulfill. An attempt is made to map out the “design space” of K-12 telementoring by discussing the major decisions made in designing a telementoring program, and the relationship of these decisions to one another. Where possible, research findings and examples of specific programs are cited in this discussion. By providing a look “under the hood” of telementoring programs, the chapter aims to help teachers become more equal partners in the effort to refine existing programs and develop new ones. Encouragement is offered to researchers to more fully articulate the rationale behind their designs in their writing, and to carry out more research on the efficacy of particular design choices, so that the field can develop cumulative literature on telementoring design.

Combining Pharmacotherapy and Exposure Plus Ritual Prevention for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Research Findings and Clinical Applications

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Franklin ◽  
H. Blair Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Made In

The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) involving exposure and ritual prevention (EX/RP) for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has been well documented, as has the efficacy of pharmacotherapy using serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). Response to these monotherapies is neither universal nor complete, however, and in the past 20 years significant progress has been made in examining the efficacy of combined EX/RP plus SRI treatment. Results of randomized controlled trials that have employed adequate methodology suggest that combined treatment may afford some advantages over the monotherapies, although the effect is generally not robust and there are some negative findings. Combined treatment may be especially useful in certain clinical circumstances, however, and case examples are provided describing the use of combined treatment for one patient who presented with comorbid depression and for another who refused EX/RP because he perceived it as too threatening.

World Englishes, Second Language Acquisition, and Language Contact

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajend Mesthrie
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Second Languages

Although areas of potential overlap between the fields of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and World Englishes (WE) may seem obvious, they developed historically in isolation from each other. SLA had a psycholinguistic emphasis, studying the ways in which individuals progressed towards acquisition of a target language. WE studies initially developed a sociolinguistic focus, describing varieties that arose as second languages in former British colonies. This chapter explores the way in which each field could benefit from the other. The SLA emphasis on routes of development, overgeneralization, universals of SLA, and transfer in the interlanguage has relevance to characterizing sub-varieties of WEs. Conversely, the socio-political dimension of early WE studies and the notion of macro- or group acquisition fills a gap in SLA studies which sometimes failed to acknowledge that the goal of second language learners was to become bilingual in ways that were socially meaningful within their societies.

scholarly journals Consumer attitudes towards luxury fashion apparel made in sweatshops

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Phau ◽  
Min Teah ◽  
Joe Chuah
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Tpb Model ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Fashion Apparel ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Made In

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how attitudes towards sweatshops, social norms and perceived behavioural control (PBC) factors influence consumers’ attitudes towards luxury fashion apparel made in sweatshops. It also examines how these variables influence purchase intention and ultimately the willingness to pay more for luxury fashion apparel not made in sweatshops. Design/methodology/approach – A self-administered questionnaire was designed using established scales. A survey was conducted through the “mall intercept” method. Findings – Underpinned by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model, attitudes and PBC were found to have an influence on intention to purchase luxury fashion apparel made in sweatshops. The intention to purchase luxury fashion apparel also significantly influences the willingness to pay more for luxury fashion apparel not made in sweatshops. Practical implications – The research findings can be used to formulate strategies for academia, practitioners and, more importantly, policy makers to help curb sweatshop activities. Originality/value – This paper focuses exclusively on luxury fashion apparels made in sweatshops. Status consumption is also added as a potential antecedent towards purchase intention.

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