scholarly journals MAP3K1 SNP rs889312 potential risk and MAP3K9 SNP rs11628333 menopause dependent association for breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Asghar Abbasi ◽  
Ruqia Mehmood Baig ◽  
Mehvish Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Ismail ◽  
Rashida Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
The South ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
South Asian Region

Abstract Objectives Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality in today’s world. An alarming rise in cancer incidence has been observed in the South Asian region. The aberrant molecular mechanisms regulating cell proliferation and development contribute to cancer development. A better understanding of the detailed molecular mechanisms at genetic and epigenetic levels can help to treat breast cancer more efficiently. The present study is aimed to identify the possible association of MAP3K1 SNP rs889312 and MAP3K9 rs11628333 in breast cancer in the South Asian region. Materials and methods Female breast cancer patients were recruited in the study. DNA was isolated from the blood samples collected from the patients. PCR-RFLP was used for genotyping, and data analysis was done by SPSS software. Results Genotyping data for MAP3K1 SNPrs889312 showed statistically significant association with breast cancer, while MAP3K9 SNPrs11628333 showed characteristic association of rare allele heterozygote’s and homozygotes in pre and post-menopausal patients, respectively. Conclusion The study concludes a strong association of the rs889312 with breast cancer in the Pakistani population and a characteristic association of unique genotypes TC and CC in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients. These findings can provide a ready tool as a breast cancer marker in south Asian populations.

scholarly journals Climate change, regulatory policies and regional cooperation in South Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Zafarullah ◽  
Ahmed Shafiqul Huque
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
South Asian Region

Purpose With climate change and environmental degradation being major issues in the world today, it is imperative for governments within a regional setting to collaborate on initiatives, harmonize their policies and develop strategies to counter threats. In South Asia, several attempts have been made to create a common framework for action in implementing synchronized policies. However, both political and technical deterrents have thwarted moves to accommodate priorities and interests of collaborating states. The purpose of this paper is to assess these issues and existing policies/strategies in selected South Asian countries and evaluate integrated plans of action based on collaborative partnerships. Design/methodology/approach Using a broad exploratory and interpretive approach, this paper evaluates how harmonization of environmental principles and synergies among countries can help reduce the effect of climate change and environmental hazards. Based on a review of ideas and concepts as well as both primary and secondary sources, including official records, legislation, inter-state and regional agreements, evaluation reports, impact studies (social, economic and ecological), and commentaries, it highlights several initiatives and processes geared to creating environmental protection standards and practices for the South Asian region. Findings Climate change has resulted in devastating impacts on people. It contributed to the proliferation of climate refugees and high incidence of poverty in South Asia. The region faces both political and technical obstacles in developing a sustainable approach to combat climate change. This is exacerbated by non-availability of information as well as reluctance to acknowledge the problem by key actors. The best strategy will be to integrate policies and regulations in the various countries of the region to develop strategic plans. The approach of prevention and protection should replace the existing emphasis on relief and rehabilitation. Originality/value The paper provides a critical overview of the climatic and environmental problems encountered in the South Asian region and provides pointers to resolving shared problems through the use of policy instruments for regulating the problems within the gamut of regional environmental governance. It attempts to identify solutions to offset regulatory and institutional barriers in achieving preferred results by emphasizing the need for redesigning regulatory structures and policy approaches for ecological well-being.

scholarly journals Importance of Confidence Building Measures for bridging the gap between Pakistan & India

2020 ◽  
Vol V (IV) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tasleem Ashraf ◽  
Ali Shan Shah ◽  
Abdul Basit Khan
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
The South ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
High Tension ◽  
South Asian Region

This research would base on the detailed investigations and steps taken by both countries to build confidence and trust to meet their conflicts and reducing uncertainty and promoting peace. This research will also point out the achievement of confidence building measures which has made possible both sides to start talks to meet the bilateral issues of both sides. The study will examine the importance of CBMs to reduce high tension between India and Pakistan which has made the south Asian region regional peace in danger. The study has also examined the academic work to realize the importance of good relations between the two neighboring nations having the long common border and mutual disputes since independence.

scholarly journals What Leads to Intra-Industry Trade between Sri Lanka and South Asia?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilini Saparamadu ◽  
Nesrine Akrimi
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The South ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
South Asian Region

This study ascertains the determinants of Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) with particular reference to IIT between Sri Lanka and its major trading partners in South Asia; namely; India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The study uses secondary data published in World Development Indicators, Penn World Table from 1992 to 2017. The level of IIT is calculated by using data gathered from Comtrade Data Base. Using panel data regression, the study adopts Random Effect model to analyze the regression results. The study concludes that economies of scale measured by difference of value added in the net output of the manufacturing sector and market size measured by average gross domestic product exert a significant influence on the level of IIT in the South Asian region. Differences of per capita Gross National Income (GNI - difference in income level) and tariff rate (the proxy for trade barriers) poses a negative influence on the level of IIT. The policymakers should be concerned about the possibility to increase IIT in the South Asian region. Based on the findings of the study, the present research offers policy recommendations to promote IIT within the region.

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