Structural Study on Molten (7Li, K)Cl and (7Li, Na, K)Cl of the Eutectic Composition by Pulsed Neutron Diffraction

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 961-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Endoh ◽  
Toshio Yamaguchi ◽  
Yusuke Tamura ◽  
Osamu Odawara ◽  
Isao Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Eutectic Composition ◽  
Scattering Length ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Neighbour Distance ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Negative Scattering Length ◽  
Pulsed Neutron

Abstract Pulsed neutron diffraction Pulsed neutron diffraction measurements have been performed on molten (7Li, K)C1 and (7Li, Na, K)Cl mixtures of the eutectic composition to determine the nearest neighbour distance between Li+ and Cl- ions. Owing to the negative scattering length of the 7Li nucleus, this contribu­tion becomes negative in the radial distribution function and can be separated from the other contributions. The nearest neighbour distance between Li+ ion and Cl- ion is found to be 240 pm in both the binary and ternary mixtures.

Struktur von Schmelzen aus dem System Wismut-Antimon mittels Neutronenbeugung

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lamparter ◽  
Siegfried Steeb ◽  
Walter Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Coordination Number ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Neighbour Distance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Subsidiary Maxima ◽  
Versus Concentration

Neutron diffraction work (λ = 0.695 Å) was done with molten Bi-Sb-alloys in the temperature range between 550 and 750 °C. Furthermore molten Bi was investigated at 300 °C. The interference functions show subsidiary maxima especially for alloys with higher Sb-concentrations. Evaluation yields, that the melts contain two different kinds of structure:a) The one kind shows coordination number 9 and a statistical distribution of the atoms of two components. This kind is more inetal-like.b) The other kind shows coordination number 3, consists of non-centered tetrahedra with smaller nearest neighbour distance. It shows covalent binding.In molten Sb the nearest neighbour distance amounts up to 3.16 - 3.19 Å for theo ne kind and up to 2.64 -2.78 Å fort he other kind, which yields an mean distance of 2.99 Å, which was observed. The dependence of the concentration of the statistical kind of meld, of the (Sb)4-, and the (Bi)4-kind from the concentration of the whole melt is given.By the model described the run of the measured mean coordination number and the mean distance versus concentration can be well explained.

Investigation of Mg-Bi Melts by Means of X-Ray- and Neutron Diffraction

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1398-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Weber ◽  
Siegfried Steeb ◽  
Peter Lamparter
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Neighbour Distance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Nearest Neighbours ◽  
Total Structure

Abstract Neutron diffraction experiments were done on Mg-Bi melts with eight compositions. From the measured intensities total structure factors and pair correlation functions as well as radial atomic distribution functions were calculated. The concentration dependence of the measured nearest neighbour distance and measured coordination number indicates the preference of unlike nearest neighbours within the Mg-Bi melts.The neutron-intensity curves show premaxima at q ≅ 1.6 Å-1. X-Ray diffraction experiments performed on melts with three different compositions also yield corresponding premaxima. It could be shown that the premaximum intensity from the X-Ray as well as from the neutron experiment corresponds to the assumption that the premaxima are caused by modulation of the monotonic Laue scattering.

Structural studies of CaAl12O19, SrAl12O19, La2/3+δ Al12–δO19, and CaAl10NiTiO19 with the hibonite structure; indications of an unusual type of ferroelectricity

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Elena A. Medina ◽  
Judith K. Stalick ◽  
Arthur W. Sleight ◽  
M.A. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Scattering Length ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Powder Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Electric Dipoles ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Negative Scattering Length ◽  
Unusual Type

AbstractVarious oxides with the hibonite structure were synthesized and structurally analyzed using powder neutron diffraction. The structure of CaAl12O19 at 298 and 11 K shows dipoles that are apparently too dilute to order unless subjected to a suitable electric field. Magnetoplumbites, such as BaFe12O19, are isostructural with hibonite. These compounds possess ferromagnetic properties, which combined with the electric dipoles may influence multiferroic behavior. Our SrAl12O19 sample showed two distinct hexagonal phases, a major phase with the normal hibonite structure and a minor phase having a closely related structure. Our sample of the defect hibonite phase La2/3+δAl12–δO19 shows a distinctly higher δ value (0.25) vs. that reported (~0.15) for samples made from the melt. Finally, we used to advantage the negative scattering length of Ti to determine the site occupancies of Ni and Ti in CaAl10NiTiO19.

Surface Tension Around Eutectic Compositions of Molten Alkali Carbonate Mixtures

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Igarashi ◽  
Koji Tajiri ◽  
Tadashi Asashina ◽  
Mineo Kosaka ◽  
Yasuhiko Iwadate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Eutectic Composition ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Maximum Bubble Pressure ◽  
Maximum Bubble Pressure Method ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Bubble Pressure ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Alkali Carbonate

Abstract The surface tension around the eutectic composition of molten binary and ternary mixtures composed of Li2CO3 with Na2CO3 and/or K2 CO3 has been measured by the maximum bubble pressure method. The surface tensions of all the three systems were represented as functions of temperature

Three–step method to determine the eutectic composition of binary and ternary mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Schmit ◽  
Christoph Rathgeber ◽  
Peter Hennemann ◽  
Stefan Hiebler
Keyword(s):  
Eutectic Composition ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

Why does the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris form territories in farming ponds?

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixi Chen ◽  
Wanshu Hong ◽  
Qiyong Zhang ◽  
Yongquan Su
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Neighbour Distance ◽  
Boleophthalmus Pectinirostris ◽  
Territorial Water

The mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris maintained territories in farming ponds during the cold season between November and February. There were two types of territory, one was surrounded by mud-walls, and the other was without mud-walls. Both types of territory were entirely covered by shallow water. The area of walled territories was significantly bigger than that of non-walled ones. The nearest neighbour distance of walled territories was significantly shorter than that of non-walled territories. In January, fish surface activity occurred between 1200 and 1500 hours at which time the territorial water temperature reached a maximum, being significantly higher than that of the air, mud surface or deep burrow. The territorial sediments exhibited a significantly greater benthic microalgal biomass (chlorophyll-a and total chlorophyll-a) as compared to the non-territorial sediments. The present study indicates that B. pectinirostris forms a territory during the cold season to keep a pool of water that encourages diatom growth and enables the fish to engage in surface activity.

Energy saving technology for sintering of black bricks from high-siliceous clay

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (61) ◽  
pp. 3123-3131
Author(s):  
Mario Flores Nicolas ◽  
Marina Vlasova ◽  
Pedro Antonio Márquez Aguilar ◽  
Mykola Kakazey ◽  
Marcos Mauricio Chávez Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Dark Color

AbstractThe low-temperature synthesis of bricks prepared from high-siliceous clays by the method of plastic molding of blanks was used. For the preparation of brick blanks, binary and ternary mixtures of high-siliceous clays, black sand, and bottle glass cullet were used. Gray-black low-porosity and high-porosity ceramics was obtained by sintering under conditions of oxygen deficiency. It has been established that to initiate plastic in mixtures containing high-siliceous clay, it is necessary to add montmorillonite/bentonite additives, carry out low-temperature sintering, and introduce low-melting glass additives with a melting point ranging from 750 to 800 °C. The performed investigations have shown that the sintering of mixtures with a total content of iron oxide of about 5 wt% under reducing conditions at Tsint. = 800°C for 8 h leads to the formation of glass ceramics consisting of quartz, feldspars, and a phase. The main sources of the appearance of a dark color is the formation of [Fe3+O4]4- and [Fe3+O6]9- anions in the composition of the glass phase and feldspars. By changing the contents of clay, sand, and glass in sintering, it is possible to obtain two types of ceramic materials: (a) in the form of building bricks and (b) in the form of porous fillers.

Properties of Refrigerants from Cubic Equations of State

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel Feroiu ◽  
Dan Geana ◽  
Catinca Secuianu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Mixing Rules ◽  
Saturation Curve ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

Vapour � liquid equilibrium, thermodynamic and volumetric properties were predicted for three pure hydrofluorocarbons: difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125) and 1,1,1,2 � tetrafluoroethane (R134a) as well as for binary and ternary mixtures of these refrigerants. Three cubic equations of state GEOS3C, SRK (Soave � Redlich � Kwong) and PR (Peng � Robinson) were used. A wide comparison with literature experimental data was made. For the refrigerant mixtures, classical van der Waals mixing rules without interaction parameters were used. The GEOS3C equation, with three parameters estimated by matching several points on the saturation curve (vapor pressure and corresponding liquid volumes), compares favorably to other equations in literature, being simple enough for applications.

Catalytic hydrogenation of binary and ternary mixtures of unsaturated substances in the liquid phase on platinum

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2378-2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libor Červený ◽  
Radka Junová ◽  
Vlastimil Růžička
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Unsaturated Alcohol ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Hydrogenation Selectivity

Hydrogenation of olefinic substrates in binary and ternary mixtures using 5% Pt on silica gel as the catalyst was studied in normal conditions in the liquid phase with methanol or cyclohexane or in solvent-free systems. The effect of the solvent concentration on the selectivity of hydrogenation of the unsaturated alcohol-olefin binary mixtures was investigated. In ternary systems of unsaturated substrates, the effect of each of the substrates on the selectivity of hydrogenation of the remaining two substances was examined. Another system was found in which a jump change of the hydrogenation selectivity occurred on the vanishing of the fastest reacting substance.

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