Zum chemischen und photochemischen Abbau der Cyclodien-Insektizide Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan und weiterer Hexachlorbicyclo-[2.2.1]-hepten-Derivate / The Chemical and Photochemical Degradation of the Cyclodien-Insecticides Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan and other Hexachloronorbornene Derivatives

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Schuphan ◽  
B. Sajko ◽  
K. Ballschmiter
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Photochemical Degradation ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Groups ◽  
Alkaline Stability ◽  
Hydroxymethylene Group

The conversion of the hexachloronorbornene-moiety of persistent cyclodiene pesticides has been studied by hydrolysis- and photolysis (UV) reactions. The chemical changes have been monitored by means of a microtitration method for chloride ions and electron capture gas chromatography. The 2,3-disubstituted hexachloronorborn-5-enes give a comparably easy loss of 1 mole chloride ions per mole compound if one of the substituents is a hydroxymethylene group, whereas with two carboxylic acid groups in the 2,3-position — that is chlorendic acid — or a further cycle or bicycle — that is endosulfanether or dieldrin — the compounds proved to be very stable. The alkaline stability of aldrin and dieldrin corresponds to their persistence in the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Grafting TRAIL through Either Amino or Carboxylic Groups onto Maghemite Nanoparticles: Influence on Pro-Apoptotic Efficiency

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Hanene Belkahla ◽  
Andrei Alexandru Constantinescu ◽  
Tijani Gharbi ◽  
Florent Barbault ◽  
Alexandre Chevillot-Biraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Maghemite Nanoparticles ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Groups ◽  
Lung Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Carboxylic Groups

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF cytokine superfamily. TRAIL is able to induce apoptosis through engagement of its death receptors DR4 and DR5 in a wide variety of tumor cells while sparing vital normal cells. This makes it a promising agent for cancer therapy. Here, we present two different ways of covalently grafting TRAIL onto maghemite nanoparticles (NPs): (a) by using carboxylic acid groups of the protein to graft it onto maghemite NPs previously functionalized with amino groups, and (b) by using the amino functions of the protein to graft it onto NPs functionalized with carboxylic acid groups. The two resulting nanovectors, NH-TRAIL@NPs-CO and CO-TRAIL@NPs-NH, were thoroughly characterized. Biological studies performed on human breast and lung carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231 and H1703 cell lines) established these nanovectors are potential agents for cancer therapy. The pro-apoptotic effect is somewhat greater for CO-TRAIL@NPs-NH than NH-TRAIL@NPs-CO, as evidenced by viability studies and apoptosis analysis. A computational study indicated that regardless of whether TRAIL is attached to NPs through an acid or an amino group, DR4 recognition is not affected in either case.

Gas Chromatographic Determination of N-Butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine and α,α,α-Trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine in Formulations

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-712
Author(s):  
Martha Fuzesi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Electron Capture Detector ◽  
Reference Solution ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

Abstract A gas chromatographic method is described for the quantitative determination of N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-tolindine and α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyI-p-toluidine herbicides in formulations. The sample is extracted with benzene, and equal amounts of sample and reference solution in the same concentration range are analyzed by gas chromatography, using an electron capture detector and an SE-30/Diatoport S column. The method has been applied successfully to laboratory-prepared and commercial samples.

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