Chemotherapy of Filariasis -On the Search of New Agents Effective on the Reproductive System of Female Adult Worms

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1210-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jujhar Singh ◽  
M. Seth ◽  
Nigar Fatma ◽  
Satyavan Sharma ◽  
A. P. Bhaduri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cotton Rats

The design and synthesis of a series of alkyl 5(6)-substituted benzimidazole-2-carbamates (1-13), 7-chloro-4-(4-substituted phenyl)aminoquinolines (14-16), l,2-dim ethyl-3-m ethoxycarbonyl- 4,5-disubstituted pyrroles (17-19) and some compounds belonging to the class pimelonitrile (20), dihydroquinoline (21), pyridine (22), pyridoquinoline (23) and tetrahydropyrimidine (24) have been carried out as possible antifilarial agents. All these compounds have been evaluated for their activity against male and female adult worms of Litomosoides carinii in cotton rats. The effect of these compounds was also observed on the reproductive system (condition of developing microfilariae and their release from uterus) of adult female worms. In this study, three types of compounds were discovered: (a) those which showed activity on both the male and female adult worms and also had sterilizing effects on surviving adult females (1 -3 , 6 - 9 , 13, 19), (b) those which only sterilized the adult females (14-16 , 21, 24), and (c) those which had no effect on female reproduction but killed only adult worms (4, 5, 11, 12, 17,18, 20, 22, 23). This tends to open up a new avenue in the chemotherapy of filariasis and the future scope of work on chemosterilization of adult females has been discussed.

Helminths from the digestive tracts of mallards and pintails in the Delta Marsh, Manitoba

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. J. Crichton ◽  
H. E. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Anas Acuta ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Delta Marsh ◽  
Adult Females

At least five species of cestodes, seven of trematodes, seven of nematodes, and two of acanthocephalans were found in Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos (L.) and Anas acuta (L.). Male and female adult and juvenile mallards harbored greater numbers of worms than did pintails. Adult females of both species had greater numbers of helminths per bird than did males. In addition, juvenile birds harbored greater numbers of parasites than did adults. The parasitic faunas of the two surface-feeding ducks, mallard and pintail, differed quantitatively despite their common habits. These differences were not a reflection of different diets but the suspicion is that mallards are more susceptible to parasitism than pintails. No serious cases of helminthiasis were found in the 101 mallards and 101 pintails examined in 1967 and 1968.

A new hypogeal species of Oregmopyga Hoy (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from southern California, U.S.A., and a key to species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 784 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
TAKUMASA KONDO ◽  
PENNY J. GULLAN ◽  
DOUGLASS R. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
San Bernardino ◽  
A New Species

A new species of hypogeal eriococcid, Oregmopyga viscosa Kondo sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on the adult female and the second-instar male and female. This species is known from Inyo, Kern, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties in southern California, where it lives just below the soil surface on the crown of its host, probably always Hymenoclea salsola Torr. & A. Gray (Asteraceae). A revised key to the adult females of all nine species of Oregmopyga is included.Una nueva especie de erioc ccido subterraneo, Oregmopyga viscosa Kondo sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), se describe e ilustra basandose en la hembra adulta y el segundo estadio de la hembra y el macho. Esta especie ha sido encontrada en los condados Inyo, Kern, Riverside, San Bernardino y San Diego en el sur de California. La especie vive cerca de la superficie en el tallo de su hospedero, siempre siendo probablemente Hymenoclea salsola Torr. & A. Gray (Asteraceae). Se incluye una clave revisada para las hembras adultas de todas las nueve especies de Oregmopyga.

The influence of host stage and sex upon the size and composition of the population of two species of thelastomatids parasitic in the hindgut of Periplaneta americana

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Hominick ◽  
K. G. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Random Process ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Host Stage ◽  
Old Adult

The numbers of adult females of Hammerschmidtiella diesingi and Leidynema appendiculata in adult and immature Periplaneta americana of both sexes were analyzed. The numbers of H. diesingi increased progressively from the early seventh instar to a maximum in the ninth instar, then decreased in adults of both sexes. Leidynema appendiculata was uncommon in all nymphs, but its numbers increased in adults of both sexes. Dissection of 7-day-old adult females showed that these results are due to the inability of most L. appendiculata juveniles to survive the molting of the host. Many juveniles and adults of H. diesingi survived the molt. The frequency distributions of the number of adult female nematodes in ninth-instar and adult cockroaches of both sexes suggested that the establishment of H. diesingi is not a random process. In contrast, the distributions of L. appendiculata fit a random distribution in male adults and female ninth instars, but depart from such a distribution in adult females and male ninths. Some of the data suggested that competition between the two species of nematodes occurred in the hindgut of the adult. Furthermore, male and female cockroaches differed in their suitability as hosts for the thelastomatids. The possible influences of nutrition and hormones of the host on parasite burden are discussed.

THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS OF THE MIDGE, CHIRONOMUS PLUMOSUS L.

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita J. D. Wensler ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chironomus Plumosus ◽  
Nematode Worm

In both the male and female adult midge, the posterior three abdominal segments are modified for the reproductive function, and the musculature of these segments is modified accordingly. Main features of the male internal reproductive system are testes consisting of one sperm tube each, in which spermatogenesis is complete, and a glandular ejaculatory duct of four sections. The muscles of the posterior pregenital segments are modified for torsion. The muscles of the terminalia are described. Those of the ninth segment are greatly modified for the genital function. The female has numerous three-chambered polytrophic ovarioles extending radially from a common central egg passage in the ovary, and there is a single accessory gland. The muscles of the female terminalia are described. The reproductive system of several specimens parasitized by a nematode worm is discussed.

The impact of maternal protein restriction during perinatal life on the response to a septic insult in adult rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Reza Khazaee ◽  
Anastasiya Vinokurtseva ◽  
Lynda A. McCaig ◽  
Cory Yamashita ◽  
Daniel B. Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Septic Insult

Abstract Although abundant evidence exists that adverse events during pregnancy lead to chronic conditions, there is limited information on the impact of acute insults such as sepsis. This study tested the hypothesis that impaired fetal development leads to altered organ responses to a septic insult in both male and female adult offspring. Fetal growth restricted (FGR) rats were generated using a maternal protein-restricted diet. Male and female FGR and control diet rats were housed until 150–160 d of age when they were exposed either a saline (control) or a fecal slurry intraperitoneal (Sepsis) injection. After 6 h, livers and lungs were analyzed for inflammation and, additionally, the amounts and function of pulmonary surfactant were measured. The results showed increases in the steady-state mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in the liver in response to the septic insult in both males and females; these responses were not different between FGR and control diet groups. In the lungs, cytokines were not detectable in any of the experimental groups. A significant decrease in the relative amount of surfactant was observed in male FGR offspring, but this was not observed in control males or in female animals. Overall, it is concluded that FGR induced by maternal protein restriction does not impact liver and lung inflammatory response to sepsis in either male or female adult rats. An altered septic response in male FGR offspring with respect to surfactant may imply a contribution to lung dysfunction.

scholarly journals Programming of the reproductive axis by hormonal and genetic manipulation in mice

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana B Rulli ◽  
María Julia Cambiasso ◽  
Laura D Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Brain

In mammals, the reproductive function is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. During development, mechanisms mediated by gonadal steroids exert an imprinting at the hypothalamic-pituitary level, by establishing sexual differences in the circuits that control male and female reproduction. In rodents, the testicular production of androgens increases drastically during the fetal/neonatal stage. This process is essential for the masculinization of the reproductive tract, genitals and brain. The conversion of androgens to estrogens in the brain is crucial for the male sexual differentiation and behavior. Conversely, feminization of the brain occurs in the absence of high levels of gonadal steroids during the perinatal period in females. Potential genetic contribution to the differentiation of brain cells through direct effects of genes located on sex chromosomes is also relevant. In this review, we will focus on the phenotypic alterations that occur on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of transgenic mice with persistently elevated expression of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG). Excess of endogenously synthesized gonadal steroids due to a constant hCG stimulation is able to disrupt the developmental programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in both transgenic males and females. Locally produced estrogens by the hypothalamic aromatase might play a key role in the phenotype of these mice. The “four core genotypes” mouse model demonstrated a potential influence of sex chromosome genes in brain masculinization before critical periods of sex differentiation. Thus, hormonal and genetic factors interact to regulate the local production of the neurosteroids necessary for the programming of the male and female reproductive function.

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