Modelling Attentional Effects with Head-up Displays

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (19) ◽  
pp. 1345-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. McCann ◽  
Jeannie Lynch ◽  
David C. Foyle ◽  
James C. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Attention Switching ◽  
Runway Performance ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Differential Motion ◽  
The World ◽  
Attentional Models ◽  
Simulated Approach

Previous research (McCann, Foyle, & Johnston, 1993) has shown that in a simulated approach to a runway, performance of a choice reaction time task is faster when all relevant information is available on the HUD or in the world, compared to when information has to be acquired from both domains. The present experiment tested two attentional models of these results: attention switching and attention sharing. Removing differential motion cues from the display, so that both the HUD and the world were motionless, attenuated the domain effect. The attenuated difference reflected both slower responses on within-domain trials and faster responses on between-domain trials. We conclude that performance with Head-Up Displays is affected by both attention switching and the degree to which attention is shared between domains.

Effects of Scene-Linked Symbology on Flight Performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Shelden ◽  
David C. Foyle ◽  
Robert S. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Path Following ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Differential Motion ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The World

Previous research has shown that the presence of aircraft head-up display (HUD) symbology indicating altitude improves maintenance of altitude, but at a cost to (ground) path-following ability. We term this the altitude/path performance trade-off. Differential motion between HUD symbology and the world has been posited as leading to attentional tunneling on the symbology at the expense of flight information in the world. In the first of two flight simulation studies, scene-linked symbology was tested to see if the absence of differential motion cues between the symbology and the world would negate attentional tunneling and the resulting performance trade-off. This not only proved to be the case, but relative to a control condition with no explicit altitude display, scene-linked symbology yielded improved altitude and path performance. In the second study, an attempt was made to discern the source of improvement in path performance found with the use of scene-linked symbology. The result suggests that flight task integration and fusion of the symbology with the world permits object-based parallel processing benefits that are evidenced by improved path-following performance.

Modeling Within-Person Variance in Reaction Time Data of Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rast ◽  
Daniel Zimprich
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Time Task ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Wave

In order to model within-person (WP) variance in a reaction time task, we applied a mixed location scale model using 335 participants from the second wave of the Zurich Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging. The age of the respondents and the performance in another reaction time task were used to explain individual differences in the WP variance. To account for larger variances due to slower reaction times, we also used the average of the predicted individual reaction time (RT) as a predictor for the WP variability. Here, the WP variability was a function of the mean. At the same time, older participants were more variable and those with better performance in another RT task were more consistent in their responses.

The Effect of Retest Practice on the Speed-Ability Relationship

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Rockstroh ◽  
Karl Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Attention Switching ◽  
Letter Comparison ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elementary Cognitive Tasks

Effects of four retest-practice sessions separated by 2 h intervals on the relationship between general intelligence and four reaction time tasks (two memory tests: Sternberg's memory scanning, Posner's letter comparison; and two attention tests: continuous attention, attention switching) were examined in a sample of 83 male participants. Reaction times on all tasks were shortened significantly. The effects were most pronounced with respect to the Posner paradigm and smallest with respect to the Sternberg paradigm. The relationship to general intelligence changed after practice for two reaction time tasks. It increased to significance for continuous attention and decreased for the Posner paradigm. These results indicate that the relationship between psychometric intelligence and elementary cognitive tasks depends on the ability of skill acquisition. In the search for the cognitive roots of intelligence the concept of learning seems to be of importance.

Sulphonamide: Distribution, Toxicology, Environmental Characteristics, and Analysis - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirubanandam Grace Pavithra ◽  
Vasudevan Jaikumar ◽  
Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar ◽  
PanneerSelvam SundarRajan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Fluorometric Determination ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The World

Background: Many antibiotics were widely used as medication based on their distinctive features. Among them, sulphonamides were commonly used, however their recalcitrant nature makes them difficult to dispose. Hence, their interaction with environment and analytic technique requires considerable attention globally. Objective: Therefore, this review aimed to provide detailed discussion about environmental as well as human health behaviour and analytic techniques corresponding to sulphonamides. Methods: Various results and discussion were extracted from technical journals and books published by different researchers from all over the world. The cited bibliographic references were intentionally investigated in order to extract relevant information related to proposed work. Results: In this review, the determination techniques such as UV-spectroscopy, Enthalpimetry, Immunosensor, Chromatography, Chemiluminescence, Photoinduced fluorometric determination, Capillary electrophoresis for sulphonamide determination were discussed in detail. Among them, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-spectroscopy was effective and extensively used for screening sulphonamide. Conclusion: Knowing the quantification and behaviour of sulphonamide in aqueous solution is mandatory to opt the suitable wastewater treatment required. Hence, choosing appropriate high precision and feasible screening techniques is necessary, which can be attained with this review.

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