The Effect of a Carbohydrate and Protein Supplement on Resistance Exercise Performance, Hormonal Response, and Muscle Damage

The purpose of this study was to investigate acute Zembrin® (Sceletium tortuosum) supplementation on muscle soreness, markers of muscle damage, mood, and exercise performance following unaccustomed resistance exercise. Untrained females (n = 16) were divided into two groups with a different three-day treatment regimen: (1) placebo (PL) and (2) Zembrin® (ZEM). During the initial visit, baseline perceived soreness, range of motion (ROM), mood state (profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire), and plasma lactate dehydrogenase concentrations (LDH) were measured followed by the performance of an eccentric bicep curl protocol with their non-dominant arm. The total repetitions and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded throughout the exercise. The participants then supplemented with the corresponding treatment immediately following, the subsequent day, and 30 min prior to completing a 48 h follow-up visit. For the 48 h visit, all procedures were repeated and comparisons were drawn for perceived soreness, ROM, LDH, mood scores, total repetitions, and RPE. The findings indicate that short-term ZEM supplementation resulted in lower perceived soreness (p = 0.020) and a greater preservation of ROM (p = 0.028) at 48 h versus the PL group. Mood worsened from the baseline to 48 h regardless of the treatment (p = 0.043) but the decrements were exacerbated in the PL group compared with the ZEM group (p < 0.001). LDH levels (p = 0.019) and RPE (p = 0.008) were higher and total repetitions were lower (p < 0.001) at 48 h irrespective of the treatment. Although short-term dietary enrichment with ZEM did not alter the exercise performance or biomarkers of muscle damage, the current results suggest ZEM supplementation may be effective in reducing the markers of soreness and preserve mood following unaccustomed eccentric exercise.

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Resistance exercise-induced hormonal response promotes satellite cell proliferation in untrained men but not in women

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00473.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 317 (2) ◽

pp. E421-E432 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hui-Ying Luk ◽

Danielle E. Levitt ◽

James C. Boyett ◽

Sharon Rojas ◽

Shawn M. Flader ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Cyclin D1 ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Satellite Cell ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Upper Body ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Hormonal Response ◽

Significant Time ◽

Condition Interaction

The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of resistance exercise (RE)-induced hormonal changes on the satellite cell (SC) myogenic state in response to muscle damage. Untrained men ( n = 10, 22 ± 3 yr) and women ( n = 9, 21 ± 4 yr) completed 2 sessions of 80 unilateral maximal eccentric knee extensions followed by either an upper body RE protocol (EX) or a 20-min rest (CON). Muscle samples were collected and analyzed for protein content of Pax7, MyoD, myogenin, cyclin D1, and p21 before (PRE), 12 h, and 24 h after the session was completed. Serum testosterone, growth hormone, cortisol, and myoglobin concentrations were analyzed at PRE, post-damage, immediately after (IP), and 15, 30, and 60 min after the session was completed. Testosterone was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher immediately after the session in EX vs. CON for men. A significant time × sex × condition interaction was found for MyoD with an increase in EX (men) and CON (women) at 12 h. A significant time × condition interaction was found for Pax7, with a decrease in EX and increase in CON at 24 h. A significant time effect was found for myogenin, p21, and cyclin D1. Myogenin and p21 were increased at 12 and 24 h, and cyclin D1 was increased at 12 h. These results suggest that the acute RE-induced hormonal response can be important for men to promote SC proliferation after muscle damage but had no effect in women. Markers of SC differentiation appeared unaffected by the hormonal response but increased in response to muscle damage.

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Oral chronic sulforaphane effects on heavy resistance exercise: implications on inflammatory and muscle damage parameters in young practitioners

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2021.111266 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111266

Author(s):

Koji Sato ◽

Hinata Kihara ◽

Yoka Kumazawa ◽

Koki Tatara

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Heavy Resistance Exercise

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Effects of omega-3 supplementation on muscle damage after resistance exercise in young women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/02601060211022266 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026010602110222

Author(s):

Letícia Chisini Loss ◽

Diane Benini ◽

Felipe Xavier de Lima-e-Silva ◽

Gabriella Berwig Möller ◽

Luiza Rissi Friedrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Young Women ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Significant Group ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Strength Capacity

Background: Omega-3 is a nutritional strategie that have been used to recover muscles from exercise-induced muscle damage in a preventive perspective. Aim: To verify whether omega-3 (ω-3) supplementation after a session of resistance exercise facilitates muscle recovery in women undergoing a balanced diet. Methods: This clinical trial was registered under the number NCT02839525. Thirty healthy women (22.2 ± 3.3 years) participated in this double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. They were randomly distributed into ω-3 ( n=15) and placebo ( n=15) groups. They ingested ω-3 fish oil (3200 mg/day) or placebo (olive oil) at the dinner after the exercise bout (10 sets of 10 unilateral eccentric contractions in a knee extension chair), as well as at lunch for the three subsequent days. In addition, both groups followed a balanced diet along the four days. Muscle soreness and maximal isometric and isokinetic voluntary contractions were assessed immediately before, and 24, 48, and 72 hours after the resistance exercise. Main findings: There was no significant group-time interaction for any outcome. Participants presented increased levels of muscle soreness and reduced muscle strength capacity along the three days after exercise. There was no difference between placebo and ω-3 groups. Conclusion: Supplementation of ω-3 fish oil for three days after resistance exercise provided no additional benefits compared to placebo supplementation on recovery of healthy young women following a balanced diet.

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The Relationship between Resistance Exercise Performance and Ventilatory Efficiency after Beetroot Juice Intake in Well-Trained Athletes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1094

Author(s):

Noemí Serra-Payá ◽

Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño ◽

Sergio Sánchez-Nuño ◽

Lluís Albesa-Albiol ◽

Montserrat Girabent-Farrés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Exercise Test ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Beetroot Juice ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Double Blind ◽

Ventilatory Efficiency ◽

End Tidal ◽

Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope ◽

The Relationship

The assessment of ventilatory efficiency is critical to understanding the matching of ventilation (VE) and perfusion in the lungs during exercise. This study aimed to establish a causal physiological relationship between ventilatory efficiency and resistance exercise performance after beetroot juice (BJ) intake. Eleven well-trained males performed a resistance exercise test after drinking 140 mL of BJ (~12.8 mmol NO3−) or a placebo (PL). Ventilatory efficiency was assessed by the VE•VCO2−1 slope, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope and the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2). The two experimental conditions were controlled using a randomized, double-blind crossover design. The resistance exercise test involved repeating the same routine twice, which consisted of wall ball shots plus a full squat (FS) with a 3 min rest or without a rest between the two exercises. A higher weight lifted was detected in the FS exercise after BJ intake compared with the PL during the first routine (p = 0.004). BJ improved the VE•VCO2−1 slope and the PetCO2 during the FS exercise in the first routine and at rest (p < 0.05). BJ intake improved the VE•VCO2−1 slope and the PetCO2 coinciding with the resistance exercise performance. The ergogenic effect of BJ could be induced under aerobic conditions at rest.

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Methodological Approach of the Iron and Muscular Damage: Female Metabolism and Menstrual Cycle during Exercise Project (IronFEMME Study)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020735 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 735

Author(s):

Ana B. Peinado ◽

Victor M. Alfaro-Magallanes ◽

Nuria Romero-Parra ◽

Laura Barba-Moreno ◽

Beatriz Rael ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Iron Metabolism ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Exercise Protocol

Background: The increase in exercise levels in the last few years among professional and recreational female athletes has led to an increased scientific interest about sports health and performance in the female athlete population. The purpose of the IronFEMME Study described in this protocol article is to determine the influence of different hormonal profiles on iron metabolism in response to endurance exercise, and the main markers of muscle damage in response to resistance exercise; both in eumenorrheic, oral contraceptive (OC) users and postmenopausal well-trained women. Methods: This project is an observational controlled randomized counterbalanced study. One hundered and four (104) active and healthy women were selected to participate in the IronFEMME Study, 57 of which were eumenorrheic, 31 OC users and 16 postmenopausal. The project consisted of two sections carried out at the same time: iron metabolism (study I) and muscle damage (study II). For the study I, the exercise protocol consisted of an interval running test (eight bouts of 3 min at 85% of the maximal aerobic speed), whereas the study II protocol was an eccentric-based resistance exercise protocol (10 sets of 10 repetitions of plate-loaded barbell parallel back squats at 60% of their one repetition maximum (1RM) with 2 min of recovery between sets). In both studies, eumenorrheic participants were evaluated at three specific moments of the menstrual cycle: early-follicular phase, late-follicular phase and mid-luteal phase; OC users performed the trial at two moments: withdrawal phase and active pill phase. Lastly, postmenopausal women were only tested once, since their hormonal status does not fluctuate. The three-step method was used to verify the menstrual cycle phase: calendar counting, blood test confirmation, and urine-based ovulation kits. Blood samples were obtained to measure sex hormones, iron metabolism parameters, and muscle damage related markers. Discussion: IronFEMME Study has been designed to increase the knowledge regarding the influence of sex hormones on some aspects of the exercise-related female physiology. Iron metabolism and exercise-induced muscle damage will be studied considering the different reproductive status present throughout well-trained females’ lifespan.

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