Type S Portland Cement-Lime Mortar as a Low-Lift Grout

Masonry ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 74-74-10
Author(s):  
David T. Biggs ◽  
Margaret L. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Lime Mortar

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of CO2 Uptake and Mechanical Properties of Air Lime-Based Materials

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hoon Kang ◽  
Yang-Hee Kwon ◽  
Juhyuk Moon
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Curing Conditions

In the cement industry, utilization of a sustainable binder that has a lower energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission than Portland cement is becoming increasingly important. Air lime is a binder that hardens by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere, and its raw material, hydrated lime, is manufactured at a lower temperature (around 900 °C) than cement (around 1450 °C). In this study, the amount and rate of CO2 uptake by air lime-based materials are quantitatively evaluated under ambient curing conditions of 20 °C, 60% relative humidity, and 0.04% CO2 concentration. In addition, the effects of the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) and silica fume addition on the material properties of the air lime mortar, such as strength, weight change, carbonation depth, and pore structure, are investigated. Unlike hydraulic materials, such as Portland cement, the air lime mortar did not set and harden under a sealed curing condition, however, once exposed to dry air, the mortar began to harden by absorbing CO2. During the first week, most of the internal water evaporated, thus, the mortar weight was greatly reduced. After that, however, both the weight and the compressive strength consistently increased for at least 180 days due to the carbonation reaction. Based on the 91-day properties, replacing 10% of hydrated lime with silica fume improved the compressive and flexural strengths by 27% and 13% respectively, whereas increasing the w/b from 0.4 to 0.6 decreased both strengths by 29% due to the increased volume of the capillary pores. The addition of silica fume and the change in the w/b had no significant impact on the amount of CO2 uptake, but these two factors were effective in accelerating the CO2 uptake rate before 28 days. Lastly, the air lime-based material was evaluated to be capable of recovering half of the emitted CO2 during the manufacture of hydrated lime within 3 months.

Evaluation of Water Permeability in Fibre Reinforced Hydraulic Lime Mortar Intended for Conservation

2016 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 630-637
Author(s):  
Vivek Bindiganavile ◽  
Md Toihidul Islam ◽  
Narayana Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Water ◽  
Plastic State ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Hydraulic Lime Mortar

Much of the existing water infrastructure across the world was constructed using masonry in the last 200 years and many of these structures were built with pre-Portland cement binders. Although these mortars exhibit good workability and high water retention in the plastic state, the water tightness deteriorates over the years resulting in a pressing need for suitable repair materials. The addition of polypropylene micorfibre in cement-based systems was found to be effective in reducing water permeability. But the effect of polymeric fibres on the permeability coefficient of hydraulic lime mortar (HLM) is unknown. Therefore, this paper focuses on measuring water permeability in fibre reinforced HLM. Besides, this study examined the application of nanolime onto the aforementioned mortars and its effect on their water permeability. Accordingly, a permeability cell was setup to monitor the onset of the steady state condition in fluid flow. Companion data was generated for the mechanical performance of these mortars. The results show that in hydraulic lime mortar, there is likely an optimal fibre dosage in order to reduce the permeability coefficient. Unlike with Portland cement mortar, this dosage is significantly lower. As well, applying nanolime was most beneficial in limiting water permeability in the natural hydraulic lime mortars.

Type S Portland Cement-Lime Mortar as a Low-Lift Grout

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 100447
Author(s):  
S. W. Dean ◽  
David T. Biggs ◽  
Margaret L. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Lime Mortar

Selected Factors Determining Appearing of Efflorescences on Facial Walls

2016 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Anna Kaczmarek ◽  
Maria Wesołowska
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Wall Element ◽  
Real Objects

One of problems of facing walls is their aesthetics lowered by efflorescence. Besides workmanship, the main cause is using mortars. It is needed to say that aside from the set: wall element – mortar on most new objects during their first years of usage efflorescence appear of different intensity and chemical compound. Basing on observations of real objects it was found, that intensity of appearing efflorescence change depending on external climate. Detailed researches of influence of selected climatic factors i.e. air temperature and humidity run on field post of facing walls localized in area of University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz. The study takes into consideration the following test walls where three different mortar types have been used: Portland cement-based mortar: CEM I, CEM I with plasticizer, cement-lime mortar with CL 90 hydrated lime. The examination analyses performed imply that the critical month for Bydgoszcz is April of each year, when detailed parameters of climate create positive conditions for salt crystallization. In this month efflorescence is reaches the highest level. Arising dripstone and leaks persist for summer period until October and undergo further metamorphose – transferring from efflorescence to the wall interior.

The Portland Cement Industry of the World

1898 ◽  
Vol 46 (1192supp) ◽  
pp. 19108-19109
Author(s):  
Bernard L. Green
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
The World

A datum point for estimating the adsorbed water in hydrated portland cement

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
R. F. Feldman ◽  
P. J. Sereda
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Adsorbed Water

Development of a Capacitor Probe to Detect Subsurface Deterioration in Concrete

1997 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Diefenderfer ◽  
I. L. Al-Qadi ◽  
J. J. Yoho ◽  
S. M. Riad ◽  
A. Loulizi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Complex Dielectric Constant ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Set Up

ABSTRACTPortland cement concrete (PCC) structures deteriorate with age and need to be maintained or replaced. Early detection of deterioration in PCC (e.g., alkali-silica reaction, freeze/thaw damage, or chloride presence) can lead to significant reductions in maintenance costs. However, it is often too late to perform low-cost preventative maintenance by the time deterioration becomes evident. By developing techniques that would enable civil engineers to evaluate PCC structures and detect deterioration at early stages (without causing further damage), optimization of life-cycle costs of the constructed facility and minimization of disturbance to the facility users can be achieved.Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are potentially one of the most useful techniques ever developed for assessing constructed facilities. They are noninvasive and can be performed rapidly. Portland cement concrete can be nondestructively evaluated by electrically characterizing its complex dielectric constant. The real part of the dielectric constant depicts the velocity of electromagnetic waves in PCC. The imaginary part, termed the “loss factor,” describes the conductivity of PCC and the attenuation of electromagnetic waves.Dielectric properties of PCC have been investigated in a laboratory setting using a parallel plate capacitor operating in the frequency range of 0.1 to 40.1MIHz. This capacitor set-up consists of two horizontal-parallel plates with an adjustable separation for insertion of a dielectric specimen (PCC). While useful in research, this approach is not practical for field implementation. A new capacitor probe has been developed which consists of two plates, located within the same horizontal plane, for placement upon the specimen to be tested. Preliminary results show that this technique is feasible and results are promising; further testing and evaluation is currently underway.

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