Self-Concept Clarity and Emotion Dysregulation in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

AbstractNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common behavior among females that has been shown to confer risk for continued self-injury and suicidal attempts. NSSI can be viewed conceptually as behavior that is pathognomonic with aggression and/or depression. Empirical research on concurrent correlates supports this concept: numerous and diverse factors are shown to be significantly associated with self-harm, including depression, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and aggression and other conduct problems, as well as environmental stressors such as bullying, harsh parenting, and negative life events. In the present study, we test hypotheses regarding developmental precursors (measured from ages 8 to 12 years) to NSSI in young adolescent girls (ages 13–14 years), specifically whether aggression, depression, and environmental stressors distinguish girls with and without self-harm, and whether there is evidence for multiple developmental pathways to NSSI. Data were derived from the longitudinal Pittsburgh Girls Study. In this community sample of girls, the prevalence of NSSI at ages 13 or 14 years of age was 6.0%. Initial levels in dimensions measured within the depression, aggression, and environmental stressor domains accounted for variance in NSSI in early adolescence. Changes over time in relational aggression and assertiveness were also significantly associated with risk for NSSI. To a large extent, adolescent NSSI was predicted by psychological deficits and stress exposure that began early in childhood. Risk indices were calculated using the 85th or 15th percentile. Close to 80% of girls who engaged in NSSI during adolescence were identified by at least one risk domain in childhood. A sizable proportion of adolescent girls who later engaged in NSSI had childhood risk scores in all three domains; the remaining girls with adolescent NSSI were relatively evenly distributed across the other risk domain profiles. The observation that multiple pathways to NSSI exist suggests that deficits underlying the behavior may vary and require different modes of prevention.

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Understanding the self in nonsuicidal self-injury: A conceptual review and framework for future research

10.31234/osf.io/cnsj6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chelsea Evanna Boccagno ◽

D.Phil. Jill Miranda Hooley

Keyword(s):

Sense Of Self ◽

Self Concept ◽

Future Research ◽

Treatment Targets ◽

Self Injury ◽

Research Questions ◽

Future Work ◽

Self Potential ◽

Different Levels ◽

Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a widespread and dangerous behavior. Despite increasing understanding of the risk factors for NSSI, this behavior remains highly prevalent, highlighting the need for an extension of current research and more precise treatment targets. Specifically, research examining self-perception in NSSI provides a fruitful foundation for future work. Mounting studies indicate that self-concept disturbances are implicated in NSSI. Yet it remains unclear how different components of self-concept—such as self-criticism and identity confusion—are associated for people with NSSI. Furthermore, research in this domain uses distinct definitions and measures of self-concept disturbance, rendering it difficult to integrate findings across studies. This conceptual review provides the first summary to date synthesizing research on self-concept (content and structure) in NSSI, highlights research questions to address, and outlines suggestions for future work. Recommendations for NSSI research examining self-concept include: (a) increasing the consistency of terms used; (b) examining relationships between self-concept content and structure; (c) exploring the extent to which measures of self-concept and identity tap into the same phenomena; (d) assessing self-concept across different levels of analysis; and (e) identifying treatment targets for distinct self-related disturbances (e.g., heightened self-criticism versus an inconsistent sense of self). Potential intervention targets are discussed.

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Social exposure and emotion dysregulation: Main effects in relation to nonsuicidal self-injury

Journal of Adolescence ◽

10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.07.015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 94-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rachel L. Zelkowitz ◽

Andrew C. Porter ◽

Ellen R. Heiman ◽

David A. Cole

Keyword(s):

Emotion Dysregulation ◽

Self Injury ◽

Social Exposure ◽

Main Effects ◽

Nonsuicidal Self Injury

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KRITIK DIRI SEBAGAI MEDIATOR PADA HUBUNGAN KONSEP DIRI DAN PERILAKU NONSUICIDAL SELF-INJURY REMAJA KORBAN PERUNDUNGAN

Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni ◽

10.24912/jmishumsen.v5i2.9973.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 317

Author(s):

Inca Agustina Arifin ◽

Naomi Soetikno ◽

Fransisca Iriani R. Dewi

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Self Concept ◽

Probability Sampling ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Self Injury ◽

Ex Post ◽

Ex Post Facto ◽

Nonsuicidal Self Injury ◽

Tennessee Self Concept Scale

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a self-destructive action concerning direct and deliberate destruction to one’s own body tissue without suicide intent. Previous studies have found that NSSI is commonly widespread among adolescents and strongly linked to bullying victimization. However, fewer studies explain cognitive process behind NSSI behaviours of bullying victims. The objective of this study is to examine the mediating role of self-criticism between self-concept and nonsuicidal self-injury behaviours in bullying victim adolescents. The research design is a descriptive quantitative ex-post facto research in non-experimental form. The participants of this study are adolescents between the age of 12-21 and victims of bullying (n=68). The sampling technique used in this study is convenience non probability sampling. The instrument used in this study are Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) for measuring self concept; Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) for measuring self-criticism; and Inventory of Statement About Self Injury (ISAS) for measuring NSSI behaviours. This study uses linear regression analysis. The result shows that self-criticism is a perfect mediator in the association between self-concept and nonsuicidal self-injury in bullying victim adolescents. This study also shows that self-concept negatively correlates with self-criticism and NSSI behaviours. That means, the more positive one’s self-concept, he/she would have lower self-criticism and lower possibility in conducting NSSI behaviours. These results are useful in understanding the thinking process in NSSI actions Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) merupakan tindakan destruktif diri berupa perusakan jaringan tubuh yang langsung, di sengaja dan tanpa intensi bunuh diri. Berbagai penelitian menemukan bahwa perilaku NSSI lebih banyak dilakukan oleh remaja dan dipicu oleh perundungan. Meskipun demikian, belum banyak penelitian yang menjelaskan proses berpikir korban perundungan mengenai dirinya sampai melakukan tindakan NSSI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan kritik diri sebagai moderator pada hubungan antara konsep diri dan perilaku nonsuicidal self-injury pada remaja korban perundungan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif ex-post facto dengan bentuk non eksperimental tipe korelasional. Partisipan penelitian adalah remaja korban perundungan berusia 12–21 tahun (n=68). Teknik Pengambilan sampel yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah convenience non probability sampling. Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini adalah Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) untuk mengukur konsep diri. Alat ukur Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) untuk mengukur kritik diri. Serta alat ukur Inventory of Statement About Self Injury (ISAS) untuk mengukur perilaku NSSI. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kritik diri berperan sebagai mediator sempurna pada hubungan antara konsep diri dan perilaku NSSI remaja korban perundungan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa konsep diri berkorelasi secara negatif dengan kritik diri dan perilaku NSSI. Artinya, semakin positif konsep diri seseorang maka kritik diri akan menurun dan semakin kecil kemungkinan ia melakukan tindakan NSSI. Hasil penelitian ini sangat penting dalam memahami proses berpikir pelaku NSSI, serta dalam menentukan tindakan preventif yang berfokus pada pengembangan konsep diri dan penurunan kritik diri.

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