scholarly journals Understanding the self in nonsuicidal self-injury: A conceptual review and framework for future research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Evanna Boccagno ◽  
D.Phil. Jill Miranda Hooley
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Targets ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Self Potential ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a widespread and dangerous behavior. Despite increasing understanding of the risk factors for NSSI, this behavior remains highly prevalent, highlighting the need for an extension of current research and more precise treatment targets. Specifically, research examining self-perception in NSSI provides a fruitful foundation for future work. Mounting studies indicate that self-concept disturbances are implicated in NSSI. Yet it remains unclear how different components of self-concept—such as self-criticism and identity confusion—are associated for people with NSSI. Furthermore, research in this domain uses distinct definitions and measures of self-concept disturbance, rendering it difficult to integrate findings across studies. This conceptual review provides the first summary to date synthesizing research on self-concept (content and structure) in NSSI, highlights research questions to address, and outlines suggestions for future work. Recommendations for NSSI research examining self-concept include: (a) increasing the consistency of terms used; (b) examining relationships between self-concept content and structure; (c) exploring the extent to which measures of self-concept and identity tap into the same phenomena; (d) assessing self-concept across different levels of analysis; and (e) identifying treatment targets for distinct self-related disturbances (e.g., heightened self-criticism versus an inconsistent sense of self). Potential intervention targets are discussed.

scholarly journals Behavioral measures of impulsivity and compulsivity in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nina M. Lutz ◽  
Samuel R. Chamberlain ◽  
Ian M. Goodyer ◽  
Anupam Bhardwaj ◽  
Barbara J. Sahakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Reversal Task ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Abstract Background Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent among adolescents and research is needed to clarify the mechanisms which contribute to the behavior. Here, the authors relate behavioral neurocognitive measures of impulsivity and compulsivity to repetitive and sporadic NSSI in a community sample of adolescents. Methods Computerized laboratory tasks (Affective Go/No-Go, Cambridge Gambling Task, and Probabilistic Reversal Task) were used to evaluate cognitive performance. Participants were adolescents aged 15 to 17 with (n = 50) and without (n = 190) NSSI history, sampled from the ROOTS project which recruited adolescents from secondary schools in Cambridgeshire, UK. NSSI was categorized as sporadic (1-3 instances per year) or repetitive (4 or more instances per year). Analyses were carried out in a series of linear and negative binomial regressions, controlling for age, gender, intelligence, and recent depressive symptoms. Results Adolescents with lifetime NSSI, and repetitive NSSI specifically, made significantly more perseverative errors on the Probabilistic Reversal Task and exhibited significantly lower quality of decision making on the Cambridge Gambling Task compared to no-NSSI controls. Those with sporadic NSSI did not significantly differ from no-NSSI controls on task performance. NSSI was not associated with behavioral measures of impulsivity. Conclusions Repetitive NSSI is associated with increased behavioral compulsivity and disadvantageous decision making, but not with behavioral impulsivity. Future research should continue to investigate how neurocognitive phenotypes contribute to the onset and maintenance of NSSI, and determine whether compulsivity and addictive features of NSSI are potential targets for treatment.

Fashion and women’s self-concept: a typology for self-fashioning using clothing

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa S. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Identity Motives

Purpose An individual’s identity is defined in the role that they devise for themselves, based on social positions. Examining identity motives can help in understanding what influences one to take on a particular role. Self-esteem is one of the major motivational drivers in determining the role that an individual takes on. Individuals, through self-presentation, are said to be motivated to control the impressions others form of them. In this way, self-concept and fashion innovativeness are linked – with prior research suggesting that those with high levels of fashion innovativeness are also those with a strong sense of self. Where a gap remains, however, in exploring the direction of the relationship between self-concept and being more innovative and fashionable in clothing choices, as well as how individuals reflexively judge their own fashion choices against their perception of others – e.g. can you force yourself to be a fashion leader? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study takes a lived experience approach to examine fashion as a tool in establishing social hierarchies amongst women. The study uses depth interviews with ten women to explore the developed self-concept of women actively engaged with fashion consumption. Findings The research presents a typology of fashion identities, exploring notions of security, dominance and innovativeness in self-fashioning using clothing. Research limitations/implications The research is exploratory, and limited to a sample of ten women. However, the study offers a number of key findings to drive future research in this area. Practical implications The research finds that both security of self-concept, in relation to fashion and general self-esteem, as well as insecurity, can motivate women towards fashion independence. This suggests that identity-based marketing is likely to be more successful than lifestyle-based marketing, when selling women’s fashion clothing. Social implications In prior research, self-concept and fashion innovativeness are linked – with prior research suggesting that those with high levels of fashion innovativeness are also those with a strong sense of self. This study finds that those with an insecure sense of self may also exhibit fashion independence, using fashion to acquire social capital. Originality/value This paper illustrates the concept that, unlike previous notions of fashion independence and engagement with fashion, these fashion-involved categorisations of behaviour are not always driven by sophistication, confidence, creativity and low fear of risk. Instead, this study has shown that fashion innovativeness can be motivated by an overarching fear of the outcomes of being judged unfashionable.

Body Regard in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Theoretical Explanations and Treatment Directions

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Nonsuicidal self-injury among youth and young adults remains a challenging behavior for clinicians to treat. Etiological models of self-injury have laid a foundation for the development of effective treatments that focus on the intrapersonal and interpersonal regulating functions of the behavior but have failed to consider other mechanisms that may facilitate the initiation and maintenance of the self-injury. This article presents a theoretical argument that body disregard is a necessary factor to include in etiological conceptualizations of nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior as well as within treatment approaches. Empirical literature is reviewed to provide a solid basis for the tenant that body disregard facilitates self-injury. Suggestions for incorporating treatment strategies that address body-related factors are offered along with some directions for future research.

Resilience in Organizations: An Integrative Multilevel Review and Editorial Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-656
Author(s):  
Sebastian Raetze ◽  
Stephanie Duchek ◽  
M. Travis Maynard ◽  
Bradley L. Kirkman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Editorial Introduction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Advance Knowledge ◽  
Different Levels

The interest of organization and management researchers in the resilience concept has steadily grown in recent years. Although there is consensus about the importance of resilience in organizational contexts, many important research questions remain. For example, it is still largely unclear how resilience functions at different levels of analysis in organizations and how these various levels interact. In this special issue, we seek to advance knowledge about the complex resilience construct. For laying a foundation, in this editorial introduction we offer an integrative literature review of previous resilience research at three different levels of analysis (i.e., individual, team, and organization). Furthermore, we demonstrate what is already known about resilience as a multilevel construct and interactions among different resilience levels. Based on the results of our literature review, we identify salient research gaps and highlight some of the more promising areas for future research on resilience. Finally, we present an overview of the articles in this special issue and highlight their contributions in light of the gaps identified herein.

scholarly journals Open to interpretation? Inconsistent reporting of lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury across two common assessments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kealagh Robinson ◽  
Marc Wilson
Keyword(s):  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Presentation Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Common Assessments ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Memory Facilitation ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

© 2020 american psychological association. Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is typically assessed using either single-item questionnaires or checklists of common behaviors, but preliminary research suggests that checklists produce higher lifetime prevalence rates. In 2 preregistered studies (combined n = 1,364), we tested whether memory cueing afforded by behavioral checklists accounts for this discrepancy. Participants reported their lifetime NSSI history using both a single-item and a checklist, with presentation order randomized across participants. Nearly a third of participants reported inconsistent NSSI histories on the 2 assessments, with participants 1.57 times more likely to report an NSSI history on a checklist than on a single-item. Counter to the memory account, this discrepancy was evident even when participants completed the checklist first, suggesting that the increased prevalence estimates captured by checklists are unlikely to simply reflect memory facilitation. Across the 2 samples, 12.5% of participants would have been incorrectly screened out in 2-step assessments; these participants were more likely to have engaged in NSSI historically, less likely to self-injure by cutting, and (in Study 2 only) were more likely to be men. These studies suggest that the inconsistencies across 2 of the most common NSSI assessments arise because people dissimilar to the lay conceptualization of self-injury are less likely to endorse a single-item, even when they have affirmed engaging in self-injury behaviors on a checklist. We argue that single-item and checklist assessments capture different aspects of NSSI, such that future research should distinguish between behaviorally identified NSSI assessed with behavioral checklists and self-identified NSSI assessed with single-item assessments.

scholarly journals The Association Between Masculinity and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Green ◽  
Jaclyn C. Kearns ◽  
Annie M. Ledoux ◽  
Michael E. Addis ◽  
Brian P. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Emotion Skills ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Several known risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), such as negative emotionality and deficits in emotion skills, are also associated with masculinity. Researchers and clinicians suggest that masculine norms around emotional control and self-reliance may make men more likely to engage in self-harm. Masculinity has also been implicated as a potential risk factor for suicide and other self-damaging behaviors. However, the association between masculinity and NSSI has yet to be explored. In the current study, a sample of 912 emerging adults from two universities in the Northeastern United States completed a web-based questionnaire assessing adherence to masculine norms, engagement in NSSI, and known risk factors for NSSI (demographics and number of self-injurers known). Stronger adherence to masculine norms predicted chronic NSSI (five or more episodes throughout the life span) above and beyond other known risk factors. Adherence to masculine norms was related to methods of NSSI. Clinical implications are discussed, including discussions of masculine norms in treatment settings. Future research should examine what specific masculine norms are most closely linked to NSSI and other self-damaging behaviors.

scholarly journals KRITIK DIRI SEBAGAI MEDIATOR PADA HUBUNGAN KONSEP DIRI DAN PERILAKU NONSUICIDAL SELF-INJURY REMAJA KORBAN PERUNDUNGAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Inca Agustina Arifin ◽  
Naomi Soetikno ◽  
Fransisca Iriani R. Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury ◽  
Tennessee Self Concept Scale

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a self-destructive action concerning direct and deliberate destruction to one’s own body tissue without suicide intent. Previous studies have found that NSSI is commonly widespread among adolescents and strongly linked to bullying victimization. However, fewer studies explain cognitive process behind NSSI behaviours of bullying victims. The objective of this study is to examine the mediating role of self-criticism between self-concept and nonsuicidal self-injury behaviours in bullying victim adolescents. The research design is a descriptive quantitative ex-post facto research in non-experimental form. The participants of this study are adolescents between the age of 12-21 and victims of bullying (n=68). The sampling technique used in this study is convenience non probability sampling. The instrument used in this study are Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) for measuring self concept; Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) for measuring self-criticism; and Inventory of Statement About Self Injury (ISAS) for measuring NSSI behaviours. This study uses linear regression analysis. The result shows that self-criticism is a perfect mediator in the association between self-concept and nonsuicidal self-injury in bullying victim adolescents. This study also shows that self-concept negatively correlates with self-criticism and NSSI behaviours. That means, the more positive one’s self-concept, he/she would have lower self-criticism and lower possibility in conducting NSSI behaviours. These results are useful in understanding the thinking process in NSSI actions Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) merupakan tindakan destruktif diri berupa perusakan jaringan tubuh yang langsung, di sengaja dan tanpa intensi bunuh diri. Berbagai penelitian menemukan bahwa perilaku NSSI lebih banyak dilakukan oleh remaja dan dipicu oleh perundungan. Meskipun demikian, belum banyak penelitian yang menjelaskan proses berpikir korban perundungan mengenai dirinya sampai melakukan tindakan NSSI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan kritik diri sebagai moderator pada hubungan antara konsep diri dan perilaku nonsuicidal self-injury pada remaja korban perundungan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif ex-post facto dengan bentuk non eksperimental tipe korelasional. Partisipan penelitian adalah remaja korban perundungan berusia 12–21 tahun (n=68). Teknik Pengambilan sampel yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah convenience non probability sampling. Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini adalah Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) untuk mengukur konsep diri. Alat ukur Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) untuk mengukur kritik diri. Serta alat ukur Inventory of Statement About Self Injury (ISAS) untuk mengukur perilaku NSSI. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kritik diri berperan sebagai mediator sempurna pada hubungan antara konsep diri dan perilaku NSSI remaja korban perundungan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa konsep diri berkorelasi secara negatif dengan kritik diri dan perilaku NSSI. Artinya, semakin positif konsep diri seseorang maka kritik diri akan menurun dan semakin kecil kemungkinan ia melakukan tindakan NSSI. Hasil penelitian ini sangat penting dalam memahami proses berpikir pelaku NSSI, serta dalam menentukan tindakan preventif yang berfokus pada pengembangan konsep diri dan penurunan kritik diri.

scholarly journals Open to interpretation? Inconsistent reporting of lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury across two common assessments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kealagh Robinson ◽  
Marc Wilson
Keyword(s):  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Presentation Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Common Assessments ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Memory Facilitation ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

© 2020 american psychological association. Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is typically assessed using either single-item questionnaires or checklists of common behaviors, but preliminary research suggests that checklists produce higher lifetime prevalence rates. In 2 preregistered studies (combined n = 1,364), we tested whether memory cueing afforded by behavioral checklists accounts for this discrepancy. Participants reported their lifetime NSSI history using both a single-item and a checklist, with presentation order randomized across participants. Nearly a third of participants reported inconsistent NSSI histories on the 2 assessments, with participants 1.57 times more likely to report an NSSI history on a checklist than on a single-item. Counter to the memory account, this discrepancy was evident even when participants completed the checklist first, suggesting that the increased prevalence estimates captured by checklists are unlikely to simply reflect memory facilitation. Across the 2 samples, 12.5% of participants would have been incorrectly screened out in 2-step assessments; these participants were more likely to have engaged in NSSI historically, less likely to self-injure by cutting, and (in Study 2 only) were more likely to be men. These studies suggest that the inconsistencies across 2 of the most common NSSI assessments arise because people dissimilar to the lay conceptualization of self-injury are less likely to endorse a single-item, even when they have affirmed engaging in self-injury behaviors on a checklist. We argue that single-item and checklist assessments capture different aspects of NSSI, such that future research should distinguish between behaviorally identified NSSI assessed with behavioral checklists and self-identified NSSI assessed with single-item assessments.

scholarly journals Research Status and the Prospect of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
He Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Jiang ◽  
Lingkai Ma
Keyword(s):  
Functional Model ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), also referred to as self-injurious behavior (SIB), are different terms to describe behaviors where the demonstrable injury is self-inflicted. The behavior involves deliberate tissue damage that is usually performed without suicidal intent. The term self-mutilation is also sometimes used, although this phrase evokes connotations that some find worrisome, inaccurate, or offensive. The diagnostic study of this behavior is controversial, and it needs to be further discussed with the definition criteria of suicide and borderline personality disorder. The pathologic mechanism of nssi behavior is proposed by several theoretical models, including the functional model, developmental pathologic model, and integrative model. In the future research, the research on the psychological evaluation intervention of nssi behavior should be widened, the factors affecting nssi can be further classified, and the cross-cultural research on nssi behavior and the applicability of existing foreign research achievements in China will also become the focus of future research.

scholarly journals How can we improve the effectiveness of HRM strategy? A model for future research

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Adriaenssen ◽  
Jon-Arild Johannessen ◽  
Helene Sætersdal
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Hr Management ◽  
Knowledge Perspective ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Different Levels

It is unclear what is meant by human resources (HR) practices at various levels: individual (micro); organizational (meso); and general (macro). An important objective of this article is to develop a model for future research into strategic HR management. Problem for discussion is how can organizations maintain their competitive position with the help of strategic HR management? Research questions: 1. How can strategic HR management be understood at different levels? 2. What knowledge base do the authors have for strategic HR management? Method of research – conceptual generalization. Findings: 1. The authors have developed a typology for the different levels (micro, meso and macro) and the various perspectives: behavioral; resource-based; knowledge-based and dynamic capabilities. 2. The authors have developed a research model for future research into strategic HR management, which takes account of the particular level and the knowledge perspective that has been applied. At the same time, the model illustrates examples of HR practices at different levels, HR management results, and organizational performance

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